学年甘肃省兰州一中高二上学期期末英语试题解析版.docx

学年甘肃省兰州一中高二上学期期末英语试题解析版.docx

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学年甘肃省兰州一中高二上学期期末英语试题解析版

2018-2019学年甘肃省兰州一中高二（上）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，共20.0分）

A

Dearchild，

Takeaseat．Daddyhassomethingtosharewithyou．Iwouldlikeustohaveaheart-to-heart-eventhough，overtheyears，youhaveslowlybrokenmine．Ohshutup；yousohave!

Ifyougooutandaskanymotherorfatheroutthere，I'msurethey'llsaythesamething：

Allchildrenbreaktheirparents'hearts．It'sjustwhatchildrendo．Infact，it'swhatDaddy'sownmothercontinuestoremindhimstill，tothisveryday，everytimetheyspeakonthephone．

Inyourbabyyears，youvomited（呕吐），poopedandpeedalloverme．Inyourteenyears，you

camehomefrompartiesandvomitedredwineallovermyalready-dirtycarpets．TherewasatimeyouexperimentedwithdrugsandallthosethingsIhate．Wheredoestheheartbreakend？

Still，Iwantyoutoknowyouareloved，becausevariousparentingmagazinesinsistthat'smyresponsibility：

tomakeyoufeelspecialandvaluedandsoon．AndofcourseDaddylovesyou!

Don'tyousee？

AndDaddyvaluesyou．Verymuchso．Howcouldhenotvalueyou，whenyou，asatest-tubebaby，costsomuchtocomeintothisworld？

Nowyou'reoldenoughtohearthetruthaboutparenting．Andit'sthis：

allkidsannoytheirparents．Likeyou，Istartedoffadorable．ThenIwentthroughmyweird-body-shape-and-acneyears，lostallmycuteness，developedanattitudeandneveroncedidIapologizetomyparentsforstealingthebestyearsoftheirlives．

Whenyoubecomeaparentyourself，herearesomeparentingskillsyoumightwanttotrythathavebeenpasseddownfromcountlessgenerationsofangryAsiansbeforeme．Passiveaggressionisalwayswelcome．Regularscream"IWISHYOUHADNEVERBEENBORN"willhelpkeepyourownkid'sself-respectincheck．Butwhateverhappens，ensureyouearnenoughmoneyinyouradultlife．Thengiveittome，soIcangoonexpensiveinternationaltours．Ifyoudothis，IpromiseI'llstopcomplainingandleaveyoualone，becausewebothknowthat'swhatwereallywant．

Loveyoulots，Cutie-Pie．

Daddy

1.Theletterisprobablywrittento______．

A.ayoungadultB.alittlebabyC.aparentD.agrandparent

2.Accordingtotheletter，theauthor______．

A.usedtotakedrugsB.regretsgettingmarried

C.brokehisparents'heartsD.wasbornasatest-tubebaby

3.Whydoestheauthorwritetheletter？

______

A.Toaskhischildtoearnmoremoney．

B.Toencouragehischildtobeindependent．

C.Tocommunicatetohischildloveandhope．

D.Tostophischildfrombeingatroublemaker．

【答案】

【小题1】A

【小题2】C

【小题3】C

【解析】1．A．细节理解题．根据最后一段句子：

" But whatever happens， ensure you earn enough money in your adult life．"但是无论发生什么，确保你在成年后的生活中挣到足够的钱．可知，本文是父亲写给一个年轻人的．故选A

2．C．细节理解题．根据第一段句子：

"you have slowly broken mine"可知，孩子伤透了父亲的心．故选C．

3．C．主旨大意题．根据文章内容可知，本文是父亲给孩子的一封建议信，希望孩子少走弯路，表达了父亲对孩子的爱．故选C

本文是父亲给孩子的一封建议信，希望孩子少走弯路，表达了父亲对孩子的爱．

阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

B

Adragonflybarelyaninchandahalflongappearstobeanimalworld'smostproductivelongdistancetraveler-flyingthousandsofmilesoveroceansasitmigratesfromcontinenttocontinent-accordingtoanewlypublishedresearch．

Biologistswholedthestudysaytheevidenceisinthegenes．Theyfoundthatpopulationsofthisdragonfly，calledPantalaflavescens，inTexas，easternCanada，Japan，Korea，India，andSouthAmerica，havegenessosimilarthatthereisonlyonelikelyexplanation．Apparently-somehow-theseinsectsaretravelingdistancesthatareextraordinarilylongfortheirsmallsize，breeding（繁殖）witheachother，andcreatingacommonworldwidegenepool．

Buthowdoinsectsfromdifferentcontinentsmanagetomeetandhookup？

Waresaysitappearstobethewaytheirbodieshaveevolved．"Thesedragonflieshaveadaptationssuchasincreasedsurfaceareasontheirwingsthatenablethemtousethewindtocarrythem．"

Dragonflies，infact，havealreadybeenobservedcrossingtheIndianOceanfromAsiatoAfrica．"Theyarefollowingtheweather，"saysDanielTroast，whoanalyzedtheDNAsamplesinWare'slab．"They'regoingfromIndiawhereit'sdryseasontoAfricawhereit'swetseason，andapparentlytheydoitonceayear．"

WetnessisamustforPantalatoreproduce，andthat，saysWare，iswhytheseinsectswouldbedriventoevenattemptsuchadangeroustrip，whichshecallsa"kindofsuicide．"Thespeciesdependsonit．Whilemanywilldieontheroute，aslongasenoughmakeit，thespeciessurvives．Forthemoment，thedetailsofthisextraordinaryinsecttravelareaneducatedbestguess．Muchmoreworkisneededtobringmanylooseendstogether．WareandTroasthopethatscientistscanworkonplottingthoseroutes．

4.WhatprovesPantalaflavescensaretheworld'slongest-distanceflyers？

______

A.Scientistshavetrackedthedragonflyacrosstheworld．

B.TherearemanyPantalaflavescensinvariouscontinents．

C.ThesamedragonflywasfoundbothinAsiaandAmerica．

D.Pantalaflavescensindifferentcontinentshavesimilargenes．

5.WhathelpsPantalaflavescensflyoversolongdistance？

______

A.Theirspecialbodyshape．

B.Theirabilitytousewind．

C.Theirsmallandlightbody．

D.Theirlargeandstrongwings．

6.WhatisnecessaryforPantalaflavescenstoreproduce？

______

A.Dampweather．B.Enoughsunshine．

C.Dryenvironment．D.Warmnests．

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph5referto？

______

A.TheweatherB.Theinsect．C.Thewind．D.Thetrip．

【答案】

【小题1】D

【小题2】B

【小题3】A

【小题4】D

【解析】1． D．推理判断题．根据第二段内容可知，领导这项研究的生物学家说基因就是证据．他们发现，在德克萨斯、加拿大东部、日本、韩国、印度和南美洲，这些蜻蜓的种群都具有相似的基因，只有一种可能的解释．显然，不知何故，这些昆虫的长距离迁徙就是为了它们的小规模繁殖，而且这种飞行创造了一个共同的世界基因库．由推断出，这种Pantalaflavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲上有可能留有后代，才会有相似的基因．反过来，在不同的洲有共同的基因，证明了它们曾飞过这儿，也就证明了这种蜻蜓是长途飞行者．分析选项可知D项符合题意．

2． B．推理判断题．第三段第二句"Thesedragonflieshaveadaptationssuchasincreasedsurfaceareasontheirwingsthatenablethemtousethewindtocarrythem．" 这些蜻蜓适应性强，比如翅膀上的表面积增加，使它们能够利用风来飞行．分析选项可知B项（运用风的能力飞行）符合题意，故选B．

3． A．细节理解题．根据第五段首句"WetnessisamustforPantalatoreproduce，"可知这种蜻蜓的繁殖必须要湿润的气候．而wetness是名词"潮湿，湿润"，而A项中的dampweather（潮湿的天气），B是足够的阳光，C项干燥环境，D项温暖的巢．分析选项可知A项与其吻合，故选A项．

4． D．猜测词义题．根据第五段内容可知．对于这种昆虫来说这种危险的旅行，是自杀式的．虽然许多昆虫会死在途中，但这种物种依靠这种旅行来生存下来．分析内容可知，指的是上文的长途旅行．故选D项．

本文主要介绍了一种蜻蜓Pantalaflavescens，是一种长途旅行者．它与在许多大陆的蜻蜓的种群都具有相似的基因，这种蜻蜓适应性强，比如翅膀上的表面积增加，能够利用风来飞行． 这种蜻蜓冒险长途飞行的原因在于它的繁殖必须要有湿润的气候．

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．

C

Badnewssells．Ifitbleeds，itleads．Nonewsisgoodnews，andgoodnewsisnonews．Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers．Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored（监控）indifferentways，researchersarediscoveringnewrules．Bytrackingpeople'se-mailsandonlineposts，scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories．

"The‘ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia，"saysJonahBerger，ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania．"Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling．Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends，youcarealotmorehowtheyreact．Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner．"

Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication-e-mails，Webpostsandreviews，face-to-faceconversations-foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative，butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews．Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings？

Totestforthatpossibility，Dr．Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories：

thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes'website．HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe"moste-mailed"listforsixmonths．Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles．HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers．

Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny，orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety，butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad．Theyneededtobearoused（激发）onewayortheother，andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad．Themorepositiveanarticle，themorelikelyitwastobeshared，asDr．Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook，"Contagious：

WhyThingsCatchOn．"

8.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto？

______

A.Newsreports．B.Researchpapers．

C.Privatee-mails．D.Dailyconversations．

9.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner？

______

A.They'resociallyinactive．

B.They'regoodattellingstories．

C.They'reinconsiderateofothers．

D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords．

10.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？

______

A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWide

B.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople

C.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes

D.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks

【答案】

【小题1】A

【小题2】C

【小题3】D

【解析】1．A．细节理解题，根据第二段The‘ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia可知，像itbleeds这各传统说法适用于大众媒体，故选A．

2．C． 推理判断题．根据"youcarealotmorehowtheyreact"可知，你非常在乎朋友听完你讲的故事后的反应，根据"Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner．"可知，你不想被当作一个"DebbieDowner"，说明指的是"一个不为他人考虑的人"，故选C．

3．D．标题判断．根据第一段"Bytrackingpeople'se-mailsandonlineposts，scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories．"可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D．

本文主要讲了人们常说"没有消息就是最好的消息"，类似的说法只适合大众媒体，在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快很多．

考查社会文化类阅读理解．主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

IfyouliveinTokyoorToronto，youneedawarmcoatinthewint