英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习.docx
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子构造讲授及演习
句子成分
意义
充当词类
例句
主语
暗示句子说的是什么人或什么
事
名,代,数,不定
式,动名词,短语或
句子
WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddle
School.
谓语
解释主语做什么,是什么或怎
么样
动词或动词词组
Sheisdancingunderthetree.
宾语
暗示动作行动的对象
同主语
BothofuslikeEnglish.
表语
与接洽动词连用,一路组成谓
语,解释主语的性质或特点
同主语
Herfatherisachemist.
Hiswordssoundreasonable.
定语
用来润饰名词或代词
形,代,数,名,
副,介词短语或句子
Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.
状语
润饰动词,形容词,副词,表
示动作产生的时光,地点,原
因,目标,方法,成果等
副词,介词短语或句
子
Heworksveryhard.
TheyheldapartyinHollywood.
宾语
补足语
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形容词,名词,介词
短语等
Shealwayskeepsthehouse
clean.
主语谓语是基本,宾表定状补帮助.宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不成无!
v简略句的五个根本句型
v主语+不及物动词Shecame..
v主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.
v主语+系动词+主语补语
Sheishappy.
v主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme.
v主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语
Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
v主谓宾
v名/代--动词--名/代
we--saw--you.
we--did--thework.
v主系表
v名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词
youarebeautiful
youseemsworried.
youareastufent.
v雷同点都三部分,主语也一样.不合动词和系动词,时态一样,否认式不合.动词加助动词,系动词不必.表语可所以形容词,宾语不成.只有宾语有补足语
v2.句子成分:
英语句子成分分为七种:
v主语.谓语.宾语.定语.状语.表语.宾语补足语.
v1.主语是句子所要说的人或事物,答复是“谁”或者“什么”.通经常应用名词或代词担任.
如:
I’mMissGreen.(我是格林蜜斯)
v2.谓语动词解释主语的动作或状况,答复“做(什么)”.重要由动词担任.
如:
Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.(杰克天天打扫房间)
v3.表语在系动词之后,解释主语的身份或特点,答复是“什么”或者“怎么样”.平日由名词.代词或形容词担任.
如:
MynameisPingping.(我的名字叫萍萍)
v4.宾语暗示及物动词的对象或成果,答复做的是“什么”.平日由名词或代词担任.
如:
Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼这个词)
v有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.
如:
Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)
v有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前组成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如:
Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)
5.定语润饰名词或代词,平日由形容词.代词.数词等担任.如:
Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是个大城市)
6.状语用来润饰动词.形容词.副词,平日由副词担任.
Heworkshard.(他工作尽力)
7.宾语补足语用来解释宾语怎么样或干什么,平日由形容词或动词充当.
Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.(他们平日让教室保持干净)/
Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.(他经常帮我做功课)/
TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.(师长教师要我自学法语)
8.同位语平日紧跟在名词.代词后面,进一步解释它的情况.
如:
WhereisyourclassmateTom?
(你的同窗汤姆在哪里?
)
主语(subject):
句子解释的人或事物.
Thesunrisesintheeast(名词)
Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)
Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
(It情势主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中间词
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
谓语(predicate):
是对主语加以陈述,暗示主语的行动或状况,经常应用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.
WestudyEnglish. Heisasleep.
(二).选出句中谓语的中间词
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.
A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
3.表语(predicative):
系动词之后的成分,暗示主语的性质.状况和特点.
Heisateacher. (名词)
Youdon’tlookit.(代词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)
Heisasleep. (形容词)
Hisfatherisin.(副词)
Thepictureisonthewall. (介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost. (形容词化的分词)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
罕有连络动词
1.“消失”类:
暗示消失或具有某种特点或状况.这类连络动词强调“消失”.罕有的有:
be(是),look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎.显得),prove(证实是),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)等.
2.例如:
Thestorysoundstrue.
3.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.
2.“中断”类:
暗示某种情况或状况的中断.这类连络动词强调“中断”.罕有的有:
remain(依旧),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(中断.仍然),stand(处于某状况或情况)等.
例如:
Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?
Itwillstayfreshforseveraldays.
It'salreadyteninthemorning.
Thestoreremainsclosed.
What'sthematter?
v3.“变更”类:
暗示由一种情况或状况变更成另一种情况或状况.这类连络动词强调“变更”后的情况或状况.罕有的有:
become(变成),turn(变成),grow(变得),get(变得)等.
v例如:
Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.
(三)挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.
②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.
④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
①tired ②worried ③yellow ④interested ⑤first
4.宾语:
1)动宾暗示行动的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如:
IlikeChina.(名词)
Hehatesyou.(代词)
Howmanydoyouneed?
Weneedtwo.(数词)
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词.代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.
Givethepoormansomemoney
v(四)挑出下列句中的宾语
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.
hishomework ②English ③yourpronunciation ④newwords ⑤togoswimming
v5.宾补:
对宾语的填补,全称为宾语补足语.
Weelectedhimmonitor. (名词)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名词)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)
Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(如今分词)
I’llhavemybikerepaired.(曩昔分词)
v扩大:
v主补:
对主语的填补.
vHewaselectedmonitor.
vShewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
vHewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
v(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
v①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
v②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
v③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
v④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
v⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
v⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
v①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room ②totaketheboyoutofschool
v ③Lily ④getonthebus ⑤playingfootballontheplayground
v划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
v①Pleasetellusastory.
v②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
v③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
v④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
v⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?
v6.定语:
润饰或限制名词或代词的词.词组或句子.
vYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)
vHeisourfriend.(代词)
vWebelongtothethirdworld.(数词)
vHewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)
vThemanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)
vThewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)
vTheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(如今分词)
vThetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(曩昔分词)
vIhaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
vYoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
v(六)挑出下列句中的定语
v①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.
v②Whatisyourgivenname?
v③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.
v④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
v⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
①family ②given ③third ④some ⑤downstairs
v7.状语:
用来润饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子.暗示时光.地点.原因.目标.成果.程度.前提.方法和妥协.(以下例句按上述次序分列)
vIwillgotheretomorrow.
vThemeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.
vThemeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.
vHestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
vHedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.
vIlikesomeofyouverymuch.
vIfyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.
vHegoestoschoolbybike.
vThoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
v(七)挑出下列句中的状语
v①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
v②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
v③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
v④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
v⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
v①ontheface ②Everynight ③whenhewaseleven ④fast ⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm
v八.同位语
v当一个概念词在前,后面的词.词组或者句子是在解释前者时,并且两者的语法功效雷同,后者就是前者的同位语.
vMr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.
v我们的英语师长教师——布莱克师长教师是个优良的网球手.
vFootball,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.
v足球----他独一的快活爱好,让他交友了很多同伙.
vYesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.
v昨天我碰到了我弟弟的同伙汤姆.
vThat’sherhabit,readinginbed.
v躺在床上看书是她的习惯.
vYoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodidea.
v你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好.
vHegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.
v他发出指导要立刻开端工作.
vYoustillhaven’tansweredmyquestionwhyyoudidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
v你还没有答复我昨天为什么没有上学.
v同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释.这些名词包含:
fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question.这类从句经常有that引诱,有时也可以用what,why,whether,when等引诱.
(九)拔出语
v拔出语是措辞者对所表达的意思的填补.强调.解释或者措辞的立场,其地位灵巧经经常应用逗号或者破折号离开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份.
v1.拔出语常以副词(副词短语).形容词(形容词短语).介词短语.非谓语动词短语等情势消失.
v
(1)罕有的副词及短语:
indeed,surely,however,obviously,frankly,naturally,luckily/happilyforsb.certainly等.