合作原则英文1修改稿.docx

合作原则英文1修改稿.docx

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合作原则英文1修改稿

Contents

Abstract2

ChapteroneIntroduction3

1.1Researchbackground3

1.2Significanceofresearch3

1.3OutlineoftheThesis4

ChaptertwoLiteratureReview4

2.1IntroductiontotheCooperativePrinciple4

2.2ThetheoryofConversationalImplicature5

2.3ResearchAboard6

2.4ResearchatHome7

2.5Summary8

ChapterthreeViolationtheCooperativePrincipleinDropDeadDiva9

3.1ViolationofQuantityMaxim9

3.1.1InadquentInformation9

3.1.2ExcessiveInformation9

3.2ViolationoftheQualityMaxim10

3.2.1Overstate10

3.2.2Irony11

3.3ViolationoftheRalation11

3.3.1BePartlyIrrelevant11

3.3.2BeAltogetherIrrelevant11

3.4ViolationoftheManner12

3.4.1AmbiguityandObscurity12

3.4.2Disorder13

ChapterfourConclusion13

Acknowledgment13

Bibliography14

AnAnalysisofConversationalImplicativeinDropDeadDivafromthePerspectiveViolationtheCooperativePrinciple

Abstract

Asacomprehensiveart,filmalsohasitsownartisticfeatures.Havingplungedintopeople’ssociallifeofeveryaspect,filmplaysanindispensablepartinourdailylife.Filmdialogueisavitalwaytocommunicateandexchangeamongdifferentcharacters.Beinglackingindialogues,itwillbehardtocomeintoconflictamongcharactersandtopresenttheoccurrenceanddevelopmentoftheplot,theclimaxandtheendinginafullerway.Onlythroughdialoguescanfilmcharactersshowtheiridentity,status,personalitiesandcharacteristicsrespectively.Itseemsthat,beinganindividualandartisticlanguage,filmdialogueplaysanimportantroleinportrayingthecharacters’personalitiesandrevealingtherelationshipamongcharactersandthedevelopmentoftheplotinordertohaveadeepunderstandingofthisfilm’ssignificanceanditsartisticmerits.Therefore,theanalysisoffilmdialoguesisaneffectivewaytoexplorethecharacters’personalities.

.

Keywords:

DropDeadDiva;CooperativePrinciple;ConversationalImplicature

ChapteroneIntroduction

1.1Researchbackground

DropDeadDivatellsthestoryofabeautifulmodelDebduetoanaccidentaldeath.Aftergotoheaven,becausesheandhergatekeeperFredarguepressthebuttontoreturntoearth.Buttheaccidentfromhappeningagain,shegotonthewrongbody.EnteredafatbutcapablelawyerJane（BrookeElliott）body.DidnothavethebeautyoftheDebtohowlifeonearth,howcanIfindherownpast?

WiththehelpoftheguardianangelFredshebeganlifeasJane.

Humorisanenduringresearchtopic,theearlieststudyofhumorbeganinthefourthcenturyB.C.PlatonandAristotle.Inthenexttwothousandyears,manyscholarsfromdifferentareasusedifferentmethodstohumorresearch,fromvariousangles,summarizedmanytheoriesabouthumor,suchaslinguistics,rhetoric,aesthetics,philosophyandsocialscienceandsoon.Westfromthepsychologyangleforhumorstudiesscholarsmoreandformedtheinfluentialhumortheories:

superioritytheory,incongruitytheoryandreleasetheory.Thethreemajorhumortheoriesputforwardagoodtheoreticalbasisfortheanalysisofthepsychologicalmechanismofhumor.Forcenturies,thestudyofhumorhasthegreaterprogress,fromtheperspectiveoflinguistics,semantics,syntax,stylisticandpragmaticlearnresearchandprovideawiderviewandanewperspectiveforthehumor.Raskin（1985）scripttheory（SeriptTheoryofHujnor（SSTH））andafterAttardocooperationwithRaskinputsforwardthecommonverbalhumortheory（GeneralTheoryofVerbalHumor（GTVH）isfromtheperspectiveofsemanticofhumourstudyimportanttheory.Fromthepragmaticpointofview,thestudyofhumorisalsoveryrich,suchasthepremise,theprincipleofcooperationinAnstin,Grice'sspeechacttheoryandsoon.Thetrendoftheresearchonhumorhasbeenpresentedamultiangleandmulti-levelstructure.

1.2Significanceofresearch

Thispaperselectsinpragmatics,thetheoryofcooperativeprincipleasthetheoreticalframeworkforthestudyofverbalhumor,Grice'scooperativeprincipletheory,sinceitisofpragmaticstudyofdevelopmenthasaprofoundinfluence,soithasbecomeacentralissueinthestudyofpragmatics.Withthedevelopmentoftheresearch,althoughmanyscholarshaveobjectiontotheprincipleofcooperation,theprincipleofcooperationisstilloneofthemosteffectivepragmaticprinciplesintheanalysisofhowthehumorouseffectisproducedintheconversation.Theprincipleofcooperationpointsoutthatinordertoensurethesmoothprogressofcommunication,thetwosidesshouldcooperatewitheachothertoprovideauthentic,sufficient,conciseandclearinformationrelatedtothecontentoftheconversation.Theprincipleincludesfourmaxims,namelythemaximofquantity,qualitystandards,normsandmannermaxim,followthecooperativeprincipleandstandardsinordertoachievethemosteffectivecommunicationeffect;cooperativeprincipleandeachtimetheviolationofwillleadtothegenerationofconversationalimplicature.

1.3OutlineoftheThesis

Thispaperisdividedintofourchapters.Theintroductionpartbrieflyintroducesthebackgroundandsignificanceofthisstudy.Thesecondchaptergivesabriefintroductiontotheoriginanddevelopmentoftheprincipleofverbalcooperation,andreviewstheresearchresultsoftheChineseandforeignscholarsonthecooperativeprincipleandtheeffectproducedbytheviolationofthecooperativeprinciple.Thethirdchapterdescribesindetailtheviolationoftheprincipleofcooperationofthefourguidelinesproducedbythehumorouseffect,andanalysis.Thefourthchaptersummarizesthewholepaper.

ChaptertwoLiteratureReview

TheLiteratureReviewmainlycontainstofiveparts:

thefirstpartistheintroductiontotheCooperativePrinciple.ThesecondpartisthetheoryofconversationalImplicatureandthethirdpartisresearchesonaboard.Thefourthpartisresearchesathome.Thelastpartisthesummary.

2.1IntroductiontotheCooperativePrinciple

AccordingtoGrice,intheprocessofhumancommunication,dialoguebetweenthetwosidesfollowsomemaximseitherbydesignoraccident.SotheGricecameupwiththedefinitionofCooperativePrincipleis“wemightformulatearoughgeneralprinciplewhichparticipantswillbeexpectedtoobserve,namely:

makeyourconversationalcontributionsuchasisrequiredatthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeofdirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhichyouareengaged”（Grice,1986:

26）Itwasputforwardin20thCenturyanddividedintofourmaxims:

quantitymaxim,qualitymaxim,relationmaximandmannermaxim.

QuantityMaxim:

Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequired.Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired

QualityMaxim:

Trytomakeyourcontributiononethatistrue:

donosaywhatyoubelievetobefalse;donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence

RelationMaxim:

Berelevant

MannerMaxim:

Avoidobscurityofexpression;Avoidambiguity;Bebrief;Beorderly（Grice,1975:

45-46）

“TheCooperativePrincipleismeanttodescribewhatactuallyhappensinconversationinsteadoftellingspeakershowtheyoughttobehave.Thatis,whenwespeakwegenerallyhavesomethinglikethecooperativeprincipleanditsmaximsinourmindtoguideus,thoughsubconsciously,orevenunconsciously.Wewilltrytosaythingswhicharetrue,relevant,aswellasinformativeenough,andinaclearmanner.Hearerswillalsotrytointerpretwhatissaidtotheminthisway.”（HuZhuanglin&JiangWangqi,2002:

458）Andalso,ifthespeakerabidebythecooperativeprincipleinaconversation,andthepeopleobviouslyviolateoneormoreofthemaxims,thelistenerwilltrytounderstandthereason.MeanwhileGricepointsoutthat,peoplecannotobeythecooperativeprincipleinthefollowingsituations.

Firstly,speakercannotunderstandthehearer’sneeds,whichisconsideredtoviolatethemaximofquantify.

Secondly,speakerdonotwanttocooperateinaccordancewithcooperativepriciple.Forexample“Icannotsayanything,becausemymouthwassealed”.

Thirdly,speakermayencountersconflictthat:

hecouldnotperformmorethantwomaximsatthesametime.Forexample,speakercanonlyperformthemaximofquantitybasedontheviolationofthemaximofquality.

Finally,speakerwouldviolatethecooperativeprincipledeliberately.Becausehebelievesthatthelistenercanunderstandandcontinuetoworkwithhim.However,listenerthinksthespeakerwouldnotdeliberatelymisleadhim.

2.2ThetheoryofConversationalImplicature

ConversationalImplicature,abbreviatedasCI,putforwardintheUnitedStatesinaspeech（WilliamJamesLecture）attheHarvardUniversityin1967.ConversationalImplicatureisthecoreofthepragmaticsandGricesaid“aConversationalImplicatureissomethingwhichisimpliedinconversation,thatissomethingwhichisleftimplictinactuallanguageuse”inhispaperlogicandconversationin1975.（Grice,1975）AndimplicatureisusedbyGricetoaccountforwhatthespeakerliterallysays.ConversationalImplicatureissomethingleftsuggestiveinactuallanguage.Intheprocessofunderstandingorinterpretationandtheinferenceabilityofboththeaddressandtheaddresseeareplayingsignificantroles.“Ineverydaytalk,weoftenconveypropositionsthatarenotexplicitinourutterancesbutaremerelyimpliedbythem.Sometimesweareabletodrawsuchinferencesonlybyreferringwhathasbeenexplicitlysaidtosomeconversationalprinciple.Incertaincases,wearedealingwith“ConversationalImplicature”（Jacob,2003:

22）AccordingtoGrice,ConversationalImplicatureisanon-concentionalimplicaturebelongstothehearer’sassumption.

ConversationalIm