从目的论角度探讨电影片名汉译策略.docx
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从目的论角度探讨电影片名汉译策略
上海海事大学
SHANGHAIMARITIMEUNIVERSITY
硕士学位论文
MASTER’SDISSERTATION
论文题目：
从目的论角度探讨电影片名汉译策略
学位专业：
外国语言学及应用语言学
作者姓名：
周媛
指导教师：
韩忠华教授
完成日期：
二〇〇九年六月
AStudyontheTranslationofFilmTitles
fromthePerspectiveofSkopostheorie
By
ZhouYuan
Supervisor
ProfessorHanZhonghua
AThesisSubmittedto
ForeignLanguageCollegeof
ShanghaiMaritimeUniversity
inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements
fortheDegreeofMasterofArts
June,2009
Acknowledgements
First,IwouldliketoexpressmygreatestgratitudetomysupervisorProfessorHanZhonghuaforhisenlighteninginstructionsandinsightfulsuggestions.Hisconscientiousattitudetowardslearninghasalwaysbeenmotivationsformeandwillbenefitmeformywholelife.
Sincerethanksalsogotoalltheotherprofessorswhohavetaughtmeinthelasttwoyears,includingProfessorZhengLixin,ProfessorWangDawei,ProfessorYuanYongfang,ProfessorShiDongqin,ProfessorNiWeipingandProfessorSuiAnguo.Ihavelearnedalotfromtheirinformativelectures.
Inaddition,Iwouldliketothankmyparentsfortheirsupportinmystudies.Withtheirlove,patienceandencouragement,I’mabletogothroughmypostgraduatestudiesandfulfillmytask.
Furthermore,Iwouldsaythankstoallmyfriendswhohavehelpedmealotinmythesiswritingandlife.
Finally,Iwouldliketoacknowledgeallthebooks,magazinesandwebsitesthatIhavereferredtoorquotedfrom,withoutwhichthecompletionofthisdissertationwouldhavebeenimpossible.
摘要
随着中国改革开放的进一步扩大，中国与其他国家的文化交流也日益频繁，大批英语电影随之涌入中国电影市场。
作为电影不可或缺的一部分，片名对电影的票房有着很大的影响。
近年来，中国的影视翻译取得了很大的发展，但作为影视翻译领域一个重要的组成部分，英语电影片名汉译的研究工作做得还远远不够，目前国内对电影片名汉译的系统性研究相对较少。
有鉴于此，本文试图从目的论的角度对英语电影片名汉译进行探讨。
1984年，德国翻译理论家赖斯和弗米尔在《普通翻译理论基础》一书中提出了“目的论”。
目的论是功能翻译理论的核心理论，“目的决定方法”是其最突出的特点。
该理论认为译者应当在翻译目的的指导下针对不同的文本类型采取适当的翻译策略。
本文试图对当前英语电影片名汉译的方法进行归纳，并从目的论的角度分析采取不同翻译方法的原因，同时对中国大陆、香港和台湾三地电影片名汉译的差异进行了分析，并指出了当前英语电影片名汉译中存在的一些问题。
本论文共分四章。
第一章介绍了目的论的产生背景、理论基础和概念内涵，并且详细分析了其三大准则之间的关系。
第二章介绍了电影历史、电影类型、命名方法以及片名的功能。
第三章为本文的重点章节。
本章从目的论的角度详细分析了电影片名的翻译策略，并探讨了中国大陆、香港和台湾三地电影片名翻译的差异及其成因。
第四章探讨了对目的论的种种批评与电影片名翻译之间的关系，同时说明了“忠诚”作为对目的论的补充，它在片名翻译中是应当首先考虑的。
关键词：
目的论；电影片名；翻译策略
Abstract
AsChinafurtheropenstotheoutsideworld,itsculturalexchangewithothercountrieshasbecomeevenmorefrequent.Consequently,alargenumberofEnglishfilmshavebeenswarmingintoChina’sfilmmarket.Asanindispensiblepartoffilms,filmtitleshaveaconsiderableinfluenceonbox-office.Inrecentyears,China’sfilmtranslationhasmadegreatprogress.However,thetranslationofEnglishfilmtitlesintoChinese,whichisanimportantpartoffilmtranslation,isfarfrombeingexplored.Nowadays,therestilllackssystematicstudyonthetranslationofEnglishfilmtitlesintoChinese.Therefore,thethesisattemptstoprobeintothistopicfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheorie.
In1984,GermantranslationtheoristsReissandVermeerstatedtheSkopostheorieorSkopostheoryintheirco-authoredbookGeneralFoundationsofTranslationTheory.Skopostheorieisthecoreofthefunctionalisttranslationtheory.“Theendjustifiesthemeans”isitsmostdistinctivefeature.Accordingtothetheory,thetranslatorcanadaptthetranslationstrategywhichhethinksispropertoachievethetranslationpurpose.ThethesisattemptstosummarizemethodsoftranslatingEnglishfilmtitlesintoChineseandtoanalyzereasonsforthemfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheorie.Meanwhile,differenttranslationsofsomeEnglishfilmtitlesintheChineseMainland,HongKongandTaiwanarealsoanalyzed.Inaddition,problemsexistinginthetranslationofEnglishfilmtitlesintoChinesearepointedout.
Thisthesisconsistsoffourchapters.ChapterIintroducesthebackground,theoreticalbasisandconceptofSkopostheorieandanalyzestherelationshipsbetweenthethreerulesparticularly.ChapterIIbrieflyintroducesthehistoryandtypesoffilms,waysofnamingfilmsandfunctionsoffilmtitles.ChapterIII,thecoreofthisthesis,analyzesindetailstrategiesfortranslatingforeignfilmtitlesintoChinesefromtheperspectiveofSkopostheorie,anddiscussesdifferenttranslationsofsomeEnglishfilmtitlesintheChineseMainland,HongKongandTaiwanandthecauseforthesedifferences.ChapterIVselectssomecriticismsofthetheoryanddiscussestheirrelationswithfilmtitletranslation.Italsoaddsloyalty,whichweshouldconsiderfirstintranslation,asanimportantcomplementtoSkopostheorie.
Keywords:
Skopostheorie;filmtitle;translationstrategy
Contents
AcknowledgementsI
摘要II
AbstractIII
Introduction1
ChapterITheoreticalFramework3
1.1HistoricalBackgroundofSkopostheorie3
1.2DevelopmentalStagesofSkopostheorie4
1.3FoundationofSkopostheorie5
1.3.1TranslatingasIntentionalInteraction5
1.3.2TranslatingasaCommunicativeAction6
1.3.3TranslatingasInterculturalAction6
1.4ThreeRulesofSkopostheorie7
1.4.1SkoposRule8
1.4.2CoherenceRule9
1.4.3FidelityRule9
1.5CharacteristicsofSkopostheorie9
1.5.1ChangefromSource-orientedtoTarget-oriented9
1.5.2FlexibilityinChoosingTranslationStrategies10
ChapterIIAnIntroductiontoFilmandFilmTitle12
2.1ABriefHistoryofFilmIndustry12
2.1.1SilentFilmtoSoundFilm12
2.1.2Black-and-WhiteFilmtoColorFilm13
2.1.3Two-DimensionalFilmtoThree-DimensionalFilm13
2.2TypesofFilms14
2.2.1Feature Film14
2.2.2AnimatedFilm14
2.2.3Documentary15
2.2.4Experimental Film15
2.2.5EducationalFilm15
2.3WaysofNamingFilms15
2.4FunctionsofFilmTitles18
2.4.1InformativeFunction19
2.4.2AestheticFunction19
2.4.3CommercialFunction19
ChapterIIIAnalysisofFilmTitleTranslationfromthePerspectiveofSkopostheorie21
3.1TranslationMethodsofFilmTitles21
3.1.1LiteralTranslationofFilmTitles21
3.1.2LiberalTranslationofFilmTitles23
3.1.2.1Addition24
3.1.2.2Simplification25
3.1.2.3Adaptation26
3.1.3ChineseCultureinFilmTitleTranslation29
3.1.3.1AdoptionofFour-CharacterPhrasesinFilmTitleTranslation29
3.1.3.2AdoptionofFive-CharacterandSeven-CharacterPhrasesinFilmTitleTranslation36
3.1.3.3AdoptionofSpecialChineseConceptsinFilmTitleTranslation38
3.1.3.4AdoptionofDialectsinFilmTitleTranslation41
3.2ComparisonsofFilmTitleTranslationsamongtheChineseMainland,HongKongandTaiwan41
3.2.1DifferencesinFilmTitleTranslationCausedbySocio-CulturalFactors41
3.2.1.1AnIntroductiontotheChineseMainland42
3.2.1.2AnIntroductiontoHongKong43
3.2.1.3AnIntroductiontoTaiwan44
3.2.1.4ExamplesofDifferencesinFilmTitleTranslationintheChineseMainland,HongKongandTaiwan45
3.2.2DifferencesinFilmTitleTranslationCausedbyLinguisticFactors48
ChapterIVCriticismsandImprovementofSkopostheorie51
4.1CriticismsofSkopostheorieandFilmTitleTranslation51
4.2ImprovementofSkopostheorie54
Conclusion57
Bibliography59
AppendixI62
AppendixII64
Introduction
Withahistoryofmorethanonehundredyears,filmhasbecomeoneofthemostcharmingandinfluentialmassmediaintheworld.Itcannotonlyreflectdifferentaspectsofsocietyanddemonstratevariousculturesbutalsoenabletheaudiencetoexperiencethelifeofdifferentpeople.
WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina’seconomyandtheever-increasingculturalexchangeswithforeigncountries,moreandmoreforeignfilmsarebeingintroducedtoChina.SinceonlyasmallpartofpeoplecanunderstandoriginalEnglishfilms,translatingEnglishfilmshasbecomeasignificantactivityinpromotingculturalexchanges.However,filmtranslationisfarfrombeingexplored.Filmtitletranslation,inparticular,hasbeenneglectedforalongtimeandneedsdueattention.
AfterstudyingthethreeleadingtranslationjournalsinChina,namely,ChineseTranslatorsJournal,ShanghaiJournalofTranslators（theformerShanghaiJournalofTranslatorsforScienceandTechnology）andChineseScience&TechnologyTranslatorsJournalofrecenttenyears,theauthorfoundthatalthoughtherearesomearticlesaboutthetranslationoffilmtitles,mostofthemjustdealwiththetranslationmethodsorskillsemployedinthetranslation,withoutanytheoreticalanalysis.
Filmtitleisanindispensablepartofafilm.Ithasitsownlinguistic,aestheticandculturalfeatures,whichdeservecarefulinvestigationandconsiderationfromtranslators.Filmtitledeliversthemostimportantinformationaboutthefilmtotheaudience,andtheboxofficedependsgreatlyonthequalityofthetranslatedfilmtitleintheforeignmarket.
Inthisthesis,theauthoranalyzesdifferentstrategiesfortranslatingforeignfilmtitlesintoChinese,andexplainsthecauseforthesedifferencesundertheguidanceofSkopostheorie,arelativelynewtranslationtheoryproposedbyGermantranslationtheoristsReissandVermeerwhoputmuchmoreemphasisonthepurposeofthetranslationratherthanontheoriginaltext.
Meanwhile,theauthoralsoexaminesthedifferencesinfilmtitletranslationintheChineseMainland,HongKongandTaiwan.Mostscholarswhodiscusssuchdifferencesalwayscomparethemandanalyzewhichversionisbetter.Differently,theauthorfocusesonthecauseforsuchdifferenceswithrarecommentonwhichversionisgoodandwhichversionisnotsogood.Thereasonforthisisthateachtranslationhasitsreasonandpurpose.Atranslationwhichisconsideredtobeimpropermaybeacceptedbymorepeoplelater.Thesocio-culturalcontextofeachregionisthefactorresultinginthisvarietyinversions.Suchvarietyisreasonableandisimpossibleandunnecessarytoeliminate.However,therearestillseveralproblemswhichshouldbeavoided,suchasrandomtranslation.
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