地大北京博士英语考试真题.docx

地大北京博士英语考试真题.docx

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地大北京博士英语考试真题

2014年地大博士英语考试真题

Part1InsectionAyouwillsee10incompletesentences.InsectionByouhave20choicesforfinishingthesesentences.

SectionA

1.Howdoyouaccount

2.Thegraphintheupperpartofthescreen

3.Whyarequick-frozenvegetablesalmost

4.Asyoucansee,mostof

5.Playfulpeoplewhoenjoytalking,

6.Adamisawall

7.AsWangJianguobecamebetteratspokenEnglish,

8.Iwaswalkingdownthisstreetoneday

9.IfIhadknownhewasn’tfeelingwell,

10.Accordingtothistimetable,weare

SectionB

A.impossibletouseinnuclearpowerstations?

B.notdiligentstudents,learnspokenlanguagesmosteasily.

C.thedifferencebetweenthesetwoproducts?

D.hefoundthathegotmoreoutofhisreadingaswell.

E.studentsgrewupintownsandcities.

F.thatbuildsabarriertopreventwaterfromflowingonward.

G.scheduledtoarriveinChengduin35minutes.

H.showsthechangeinproductionlevelsfrom1990to2012.

I.Iwouldtakehimtoseeadoctor.

J.whenIsawanexpensivecarrunoverateenager

K.isunlikelytomakeveryrapidprogressinmasteringwrittenEnglish.

L.supposedtotakethemedicinetwiceaday.

M.forthesharpfallinbirdpopulationssince1995?

N.Iwouldhavecalledoffthemeeting.

O.theexamplesaretakenfromrecentpublications.

P.constructedacrossavalleytoencloseanareaforstoringwater.

Q.andrunintoanoldfriendIhaven’tseeninyears.

R.canbeworntoallsortsofsocialevents,bothformalandinformal.

S.hereceivesmuchhighergradesinallsubjects.

T.asgoodasthingsstraightfromthegarden?

Part2Correct

1.Torontoissome475kminthenorthwestofNewYork,whileVancouver,only200kmfromSeattle,isevenclosertoamajorAmericancity.

2.ThepanelofdistinguishedscientistsgatheredinCambridgetodiscusstheevidencesinsupportofDr.Thistlethwaite’srevolutionaryhypothesis.

3.OrdinarilythesurfaceoftheplanetisnearlyattheboilingpointofwateronEarth,100.2-101℃accordingtothedatafromtheorbitingsatellite.

4.Excuseme,butdon’tyouthinkthatit’sratheroddtogivesuchanelaboratewelcomespeechandthenturnaroundandtreatadelegatewithagoodquestionasifhewereanuisance?

5.Thescientistswereveryfrustratingastheytriedagainandagaintousethemechanicalarmtopickupthesmooth,slipperyobjectfromthebottomoftheseaandbringitintothevessel.

6.ShouldIreceiveanymessageswhileIaminthemeeting,kindlyholdthemformetillaftertheoilcompanyrepresentativeshaveleft.

7.TherewasonethingthatshockedmeabouttheQueenwhenhewalkedintotheroomwithMrs.Obama,namelyherheight;theBritishmonarchisonly163cmtall,muchshorterthanIhadimagined.

8.IputmyeartotheobjectandlistenedcarefullyasIfirsttappeditlightlywithachopstickandthenstrikeditwithahammer;Iwantedtofindoutifitwashollow,preferablywithoutbreakingit.

9.Theborderguardsmadeustogetoutofthecarwhiletheycheckeditfordrugs,weaponsandotherforbiddenitems.

10.Asthearticlepointsout,oneofthethingsthatlimittheappealofthisyear’snewTVshowsmostdamaginglyisthattheylackofinnovation.

Part3

Vocabulary

acrosstheboard:

ineveryrespect

apparel:

clothing,clothes

anarray:

arange

awe:

deeprespect

chronic:

thatdoesnotsimplyhappenonceandthengoaway;persistent

tocoast:

tocontinuetomovealongwithouteffortortrouble

aconsolation:

somethingthatmakesyoufeelbetterwhenyouaresad

tocounteractX:

toactagainstX,toneutralizeX

acult:

agroupofflowerswhoadmirealeaderorthinginanexaggeratedway

thedefault:

thenon-specialsituation

adefect:

animperfection

adeluge:

aflood

adud:

afailure;somethingnewthatturnsouttobequitedisappointing

empathy:

sensitivitytothefeelingsofotherindividuals

fabrics:

typesofcloth

afetus:

astillunbornchild

toforgoX:

togiveXup;nottogoaheadwithX;todowithoutX

agarment:

asinglepieceofclothing

agender:

sex

genitalia:

sexualorgans

aninsecticide:

achemicalthatkillsinsects

lead:

Pb

alining:

acoveringontheinsideorinnersurfaceofsomething

alogo:

acompanyemblemorsymbol

tomorphintoX:

tochangeshape,becomingX

neural:

relatedtonerves

neurology:

thestudyofnervessystem

aperil:

adanger

toplummet:

todropsuddenly

pronetoX:

susceptibletoX

prowess:

highlydevelopedabilityorskill

aproxy:

asubstitute,somethingthatcanbeusedtotracksomethingelse

ramifications:

secondaryeffects;additionalcomplications

reamsofX:

vastquantitiesofX

toretainX:

tokeepX

totallyX:

toaddXup;toreckonorcomputeX

tothrive:

toflourish,todoverywell

transparent:

abletobeseenthrough

anupstart:

asuddenchallengerorcompetitorwhoappearsunexpectedly

vulnerabletoX:

opentoharmfromX

towane:

todecrease;todecline;togrowsmaller

awelter:

adisordered/chaoticabundance

TextA

1Twelvemonthsago,LululemonAthleticawasoneofthehottestbrandsintheworld.Salesofitshigh-pricedyogagearwereexploding;thecompanywasexpandingintonewmarkets;expertswereinaweofits“cult-likefollowing.”Asoneobserverputit,“They’remorethanapparel.They’realifestyle.”Butthencustomersstartedcomplainingaboutpillingfabrics,bleedingdyesand,mostmemorably,yogapantssothinthattheyeffectivelybecometransparentwhenyoubentover.Lululemon’sfoundermadethingsworsebysuggestingthatsomewomenweretoofattowearthecompany’sclothes.AndthatwastheendofLululemon’scharmedexistence:

thefoundersteppeddownfromhismanagementrole,and,afewweeksago,thecompanysaidthatithadseensales“deceleratemeaningfully.”

2It’satruismofbusinessschoolthinkingthatacompany’sbrandisits“mostimportantasset,”morevaluablethantechnologyorpatentsormanufacturingprowess.Butbrandshaveneverbeenmorefragile.Thereasonissimple:

consumersaresupremelywellinformedandfarmorelikelytoinvestigatetherealvalueofproductsthantorelyonlogos.AbsoluteValue,anewbookbyItamarSimonson,amarketingprofessoratStanford,andEmanuelRosen,aformersoftwareexecutive,showsthat,historically,theriseofbrandswasarespondstoaninformation-poorenvironment.Whenconsumershadtorelyonadvertisementsandtheirpastexperiencewithacompany,brandsservedasproxiesforquality;ifacarwasmadebyGeneralMotors,oraketchupbyHeinz,peopleassumedthatitwasprettygood.Itwashardtofigureoutifanewproductfromanunfamiliarcompanywasreliableornot,sobrandloyaltywasawayofreducingrisk.Asrecentlyasthe1980s,nearlyfour-fifthsofAmericancarbuyersstayedloyaltoabrand.

3Todayconsumerscanreadreamsofresearchaboutwhatevertheywanttobuy.ThisstartedbackwithConsumerReports,whichpublishedobjectivestudiesofproducts,andwithJDpower’squalityrankings,whichrevealedwhatordinarycustomersthoughtofthecarstheyhadbought.Butwhathasreallyweakenedthepowerofbrandsistheinternet,whichhasgivenordinaryconsumerseasyaccesstoexpertreviews,userreviewsanddetailedproductdata,inanarrayofcategories.ArecentPricewaterhouseCoopersstudyfoundthat80percentofconsumerslookatonlinereviewsbeforemakingmajorpurchases,andahostofstudieshaveloggedthestronginfluencethosereviewshaveonthedecisionspeoplemake.Theriseofsocialmediahasacceleratedthetrendtoanastonishingdegree:

adudproductcanbecomealaughingstockinamatterofhours.IntheolddaysyoumightbuyaSonytelevisionsetbecauseyouhadownedonebefore,orbecauseyoutrustedthebrand.TodaysuchconsiderationsmattermuchlessthanreviewsonAmazonandEngadgetandCNET.asSimonsontoldme,“eachproductnowhastoproveitselfonitsown.”

4Ithasbeenarguedthatthewelterofinformationwillactuallymakebrandsmorevaluable.AstheinfluentialconsultancyInterbrandputsit,“Inaworldwhereconsumersareoftenoverwhelmedwithinformation,theroleabrandplaysinpeople’sliveshasbecomeallthemoreimportant.”Butinformationoverloadislargelyamyth.“Mostconsumerslearnveryquicklyhowtogetagreatdealofinformationeffectivelyandefficiently,”Simonsonsays.“Mostofusfigureouthowtofindwhatwe’relookingforwithoutspendinghugeamountsoftimeonline.”Andthishasmadecustomerloyaltyprettymuchathingofthepast.Only25percentofAmericanrespondentsinarecentErnst&Youngstudysaidthatbrandloyaltyaffectedhowtheyshopped.

5Forestablishedbrandsthisisanightmare.Youcannevercoastonpastperformance–thepercentageofbrand-loyalcarbuyershasplummetedinthepasttwentyyears–andthepricepremiumthatarecognizedbrandcanchargehasshrunk.Ifyouaremakingabetterproduct,youcanstillneedstobesimilartoo.Thatistheclearestindicationthattheeconomicvalueofbrands–traditionallyassessedbythepremiumacompanycouldcharge–iswaning.Thisisn’ttrueacrosstheboard:

brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct（Coca-Cola,say）,orwheretheyconferstatus,aswithluxurygoods.Butevenheretheinformationdelugeistransformative;luxurytravel,forinstance,hasbeenprofoundlyaffectedbywebsiteslikeTripAdvisor.

6Forconsumersthisisideal:

theyaremakingbetterchoices,andheightenedcompetitionhasraisedqualityandhelddownprices.Andtheyarenottheonlybeneficiaries;upstartsnowfinditeasiertocompetewiththebigboys.Ifyoubuildabettermousetrap,peoplewillsoonknowaboutit.Adecadeago,personal-computercompanieslikeAsusandAcerhadalmostnobrandidentityouts