大学英语四级考试真题及答案第一套.docx

大学英语四级考试真题及答案第一套.docx

《大学英语四级考试真题及答案第一套.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语四级考试真题及答案第一套.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

大学英语四级考试真题及答案第一套

2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheriseoftheInternethasbeenoneofthemosttransformativedevelopmentsinhumanhistory,comparableinimpacttotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph.Overtwobillionpeopleworldwidenowhaveaccesstovastlymoreinformationthaneverbefore,andcancommunicatewitheachotherinstantly,oftenusingWeb-connectedmobiledevicestheycarryeverywhere.ButtheInternet'stremendousimpacthasonlyjustbegun.

"MassadoptionoftheInternetisdrivingoneofthemostexcitingsocial,cultural,andpoliticaltransformationsinhistory,andunlikeearlierperiodsofchange,thistimetheeffectsarefullyglobal,"SchmidtandCohenwriteintheirnewbookTheNewDigitalAge.

PerhapsthemostprofoundchangeswillcomewhenthefivebillionpeopleworldwidewhocurrentlylackInternetaccessgetonline.TheauthorsdoanexcellentjobofexaminingtheimplicationsoftheInternetrevolutionforindividuals,governments,andinstitutionslikethenewsmedia.Butifthebookhasonemajorshortcoming,it'sthatauthorsdon'tspendenoughtimeapplyingacriticaleyetotheroleofInternetbusinessesintheseweepingchanges.

Intheirbook,theauthorsprovidethemostauthoritativevolumetodatethatdescribes—andmoreimportantlypredicts—howtheInternetwillshapeourlivesinthecomingdecades.Theypaintapictureofaworldinwhichindividuals,companies,institutions,andgovernmentsmustdealwithtworealities,onephysical,andonevirtual.

Atthecoreofthebookistheideathat"technologyisneutral,butpeoplearen't."Byusingthisconceptasastartingpoint,theauthorsaimtomovebeyondthenowfamiliaroptimistvs.pessimistdichotomy（对立观点）thathascharacterizedmanyrecentdebatesaboutwhethertheriseoftheInternetwillultimatelybegoodorbadforsociety.InaninterviewwithTIMEearlierthisweek,Cohensaidalthoughheandhisco-authorareoptimisticaboutmanyaspectsoftheInternet,they'realsorealisticabouttherisksanddangersthatlieaheadwhenthenextfivebillionpeoplecomeonline,particularlywithrespecttopersonalprivacyandstatesurveillance（监视）.

56.InwhatwayistheriseoftheInternetsimilartotheinventionoftheprintingpressandthetelegraph?

A）Ittransformshumanhistory.

B）Itfacilitatesdailycommunication.

C）Itisadoptedbyallhumanity.

D）Itrevolutionizespeople'sthinking.

57.HowdoSchmidtandCohendescribetheeffectsoftheInternet?

A）Theyareimmeasurable.

B）Theyareworldwide.

C）Theyareunpredictable.

D）Theyarecontaminating.

58.InwhatrespectisthebookTheNewDigitalAgeconsideredinadequate?

A）ItfailstorecognizetheimpactoftheInternettechnology.

B）ItfailstolookintothesocialimplicationsoftheInternet.

C）ItlacksanobjectiveevaluationoftheroleofInternetbusinesses.

D）ItdoesnotaddressthetechnicalaspectsofInternetcommunication.

59.Whatwillthefuturebelikewheneverybodygetsonline?

A）Peoplewillbelivingintwodifferentrealities.

B）Peoplewillhaveequalaccesstoinformation.

C）Peopledon'thavetotraveltoseetheworld

D）Peopledon'thavetocommunicatefacetoface.

60.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheauthorsofTheNewDigitalAge?

A）TheyleavemanyquestionsunansweredconcerningtheInternet.

B）TheyareoptimisticaboutthefutureoftheInternetrevolution.

C）Theyhaveexploredtheunknownterritoriesofthevirtualworld.

D）Theydon'ttakesidesinanalyzingtheeffectsoftheInternet.

PassageTwo

In1950,ayoungmanwouldhavefounditmucheasierthanitistodaytogetandkeepajobintheautoindustry.Andinthatyeardieaverageautoworkercouldmeetmonthlymortgage（抵押贷款）paymentsonanaveragehomewithjustpercentofhistake-homepay.Todayasimilarmortgagewouldclaimmorethantwicethatshareofhismonthlyearnings.

Othermembersoftheautoworker'sfamily,howevermightbelessinclinedtotriedthepresentforthepast.Hisretiredparentswouldcertainlyhavehadlesseconomic,securitybackthen.Throughoutmuchofthe1960s,morethanaquarterofmenandwomenandwomenage65andolderlivedbelowthepovertylevel,comparedtolessthan10percentin2010.

Inmoststates,hiswifecouldnothavetakenoutaloanoracardinherownname.In42states,ahomemakerhadnolegalclaimontheearningsofherhusband.Andnowheredidawifehavelegalprotectionagainstfamilyviolence.

Mostblackworkerswouldnotwanttoreturntoatimewhen,onaveragetheyearned40percentlessthantheirwhitecounterparts（职位相当的人）,whiteraciallyrestrictiveagreementslargelypreventedthemfrombuyingintothesuburbanneighborhoodsbeingbuiltforwhiteworking-classfamilies.

Today,newproblemshaveemergedintheprocessofresolvingoldones,butthesolutionisnottogobacktothepast.Somepeoplemaylongforanerawhendivorcewasstillhardtocomeby.Thespreadofno-faultdivorcehasreducedthebargainingpowerofwhicheverspouseismoreinterestedincontinuingtherelationship.Andthebreakupofsuchmarriageshascausedpainformanyfamilies.

Thegrowingdiversityoffamilylifecomeswithnewpossibilitiesaswellasnewchallenges.Accordingtoarecentpoll,morethan80percentofAmericansbelievethattheircurrentfamilyisascloseastheoneinwhichtheygrewup,orcloser.Findingwaystoimprovethelifeoftheremaining20percentseemsmorerealisticthantryingtorestoreanimaginarygoldenage.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanautoworkersin1950?

A）Theyhadlessjobsecuritythantheydotoday.

B）Itwasnottoodifficultforthemtobuyahouse.

C）Theirearningswereworthtwiceasmuchastoday.

D）Theywerebetteroffthanworkersinotherindustries.

62.Whatdoestheauthoraboutretiredpeopletoday?

A）Theyinvariablylongtoreturntothegoldenpast.

B）Theydonotdependsomuchonsocialwelfare.

C）Theyfeelmoresecureeconomicallythaninthepast.

D）Theyareusuallyunwillingtolivewiththeirchildren.

63.Whycouldn'tblackworkersbuyahouseinawhitesuburbanneighborhood?

A）Theylackedthemeansoftransportation.

B）Theyweresubjectedtoracialinequality.

C）Theywereafraidtobreakthelaw.

D）Theyweretoopoortoaffordit.

64Whatistheresultofno-faultdivorce?

A）Divorceiseasiertoobtain.

B）Domesticviolenceislessened.

C）Itcauseslittlepaintoeitherside

D）Itcontributestosocialunrest.

65.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestsocietydo?

A）Getpreparedtofaceanynewchallenges.

B）Trytobetterthecurrentsocialsecurity.

C）Narrowthegapbetweenblacksandwhites.

D）Improvethelivesoffamilieswithproblems.

Translation

越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。

年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。

随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和着名景点花的时间少了，他们反而更为偏远的地方所吸引，有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。

最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、拓宽视野。

InHardEconomyforAllAges,OlderIsn'tBetter...It'sBrutal

[A]Younggraduatesareindebt,outofworkandontheirparents'couches.Peopleintheir30sand40scan'taffordtobuyhomesorhavechildren.Retireesareearningnear-zerointerestontheirsavings.

[B]Inthecurrentlistless（缺乏活力的）economy,everygenerationhasaclaimtohavingbeenmostinjured.ButtheLaborDepartment'slatestjobsreportsandotherrecentdatapresentastrongcaseforcrowningbabyboomers（二战后生育高峰期出生的人）A）asthegreatestvictimsoftherecessionanditsdreadfulconsequences.

[C]TheseAmericansintheir50sandearly60s—thosenearretirementagewhodonotyethaveaccesstoMedicareandSocialSecurity—havelostthemostearningspowerofanyagegroup,withtheirhouseholdincomes10percentbelowwhattheymadewhentherecoverybeganthreeyearsago,accordingtoSentierResearch,adataanalysiscompany.Theirretirementsavingsandhomevaluesfellsharplyattheworstpossibletime:

justbeforetheyneededtocashout.Theyaresupportingbothagedparentsandunemployedyoung-adultchildren,earningthemtheunluckynickname"GenerationSqueeze."

[D]Newresearchsuggeststhattheymaydiesooner,becausetheirhealth,incomesecurityandmentalwell-beingwerebattered（重创）byrecessionatacrucialtimeintheirlives.ArecentstudybyeconomistsatWellesleyCollegefoundthatpeoplewholosttheirjobsinthefewyearsbeforebecomingqualifiedforSocialSecuritylostuptothreeyearsfromtheirlifeexpectancy（预期寿命）,largelybecausetheynolongerhadaccesstoaffordablehealthcare.

[E]UnemploymentratesforAmericansnearingretirementarefarlowerthanthoseforyoungpeople,whoarerecentlyoutofschool,withfewerskillsandashorterworkhistory.Butonceoutofajob,olderworkershaveamuchhardertimefindinganotherone.Overthelastyear,theaveragedurationofunemploymentforolderpeoplewas53weeks,comparedwith19weeksforteenagers,accordingtotheLaborDepartment'sjobsreportreleasedonFriday.

[F]Thelengthyprocessispartlybecauseolderworkersaremorelikelytohavebeenlaidofffromindustriesthataredownsizing,likemanufacturing.Comparedwiththerestofthepopulation,olderpeoplearealsomorelikelytoowntheirownhomesandbelessmobilethanrenters,whocanmovetonewjobmarkets.

[G]Olderworkersaremorelikelytohaveadisabilityofsomesort,perhapslimitingtherangeofjobsthatofferrealisticchoices.Theymayalsobelessinclined,atleastinitially,totakejobsthatpayfarlessthantheiroldpositions.

[H]Displacedboomersalsobelievetheyarevictimsofagediscrimination,becauseemployerscaneasilyfindayoung,energeticworkerwhowillacceptlowerpayandwhoc