定语从句和同位语从句的区别.docx
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定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句和同位语从句的区别
定语从句和同位语从句的区别
一、定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的；同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。
例如：
1．Weheardthenewsthathehadtoldher.我们听到他对她说的消息。
2．Weheardthenewsthathehadwonthegame.我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。
例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰thenews；例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对thenews的进一步说明。
二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。
例如：
1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。
2.Thefactthattheydidn’tfinishtheworkhastobefaced.必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。
例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例2中的that只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的内容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。
三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。
例如：
1.Thenewsthatsheheardistrue.她听到的消息是真的。
2.Thenewsthatshewillgoabroadistrue.她将出国这消息是真的。
例1是定语从句，that可省略；例2是同位语从句，that不能省略。
3.Thereasonwhyhewaschosenremainsunknown.他为什么被选上的原因还是不清楚。
4.Theideawhyhewaschosenattractedourattention.他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。
例3中why引导的是定语从句，why可以被forwhich或that代替；例4中why引导的是同位语从句，why不能省去，也不能被其它词代替。
四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主+系+表”结构来表示。
例如：
Thenewsthathewonthefirstplaceistrue.他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。
上句若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是：
Thenewsisthathewonthefirstplace.消息是他赢得了冠军。
意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句。
五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般都与抽象名词同位，一般没有复数形式。
例如：
1.Thepossibilitiesthatshewasofferedseemedverygreat.她得到的可能性似乎大些。
2.Hermotherwasworriedaboutthepossibilitythatherdaughterdisliketogotoschool.她的母亲很担心，她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。
例1中的possibilities是定语从句的先行词，可用复数形式；例2中的possibility是抽象名词，后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式。
六、由when,why,where引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。
例如：
1.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.我仍然记得初次来北
京的那天。
2.Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她何时回来。
3.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住的房子。
4.Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn’tdecided.我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。
例1、3中的when和where引导的是定语从句，day和house分别表示时间和地点；例2、4中的when和where引导的是同位语从句。
同位语从句练习题
1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.
A.that B.what C.why D.which
2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.
A.that B.what C.which D.why
3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.
A.what B.that C.why D.when
4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.
A.which B.that C./ D.it
5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.
A.when B.that C.what D./
6.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.
A.if B.that C.whether D.which
7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.
A.when B.which C.what D.that
8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.
A.which B.whether C.that D.what
9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.
A.that B.as C.ofwhich D.which
10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.
A.whether B.where C.that D.when
名词性从句
一、语法知识
（一）,主语从句
1,由what等代词引导的从句,表示”所…的（东西）”,实际上等于一个现行词加上一个定语从句.也可以由-ever等代词引导.
Whattheyaretalkingaboutisnothingvaluable.
WhatIreallywantistohaveagoodrest.
Whatevershedidiswrong.
Whoeverpassestheexamcanget50yuan.
Whoeverusedtohaveanothernameraiseyourhand.
2,由that引导的从句,通常用形式主语来代替.
Thathehasdisappearedworrieshisparents.
Itworrieshisparentsthathehasdisappeared.
Itisnotlikelythathecanwinthelottery.
Itisabigsurprisethatheisstillalive.
3,由连接代词或连接副词或whether引导的从句.
Whenshewillbebackisstillaquestion.
Wheretheyhadputthefilestroubledthespy.
Whetherhewilltakepartintheplayisclear.
WhetherornotshewillgotoJapanisuptoher.
（二）,宾语从句
1,由连接代词或副词引起的从句.
Pleaseshowmehowtomakehimhappy.
Idon’tknowwhodidallthecleaning.
HaveyoudecidedwhomyouwilltaketoAustralia?
Shestillwonderedwhenshewouldleaveschool.
Iamwonderingwhether/ifthedressistooshort.
HeadvisedmewhichbooksIshouldread.
还可以做介词的宾语.
Thesingerstillworriesaboutwheretolive.
Thepricedependsonhowmanyyouwillbuy.
2,由关系代词型what等代词引起的从句.
IwilltellyouwhatIknow.
We’llgivewhateverhelpyouneed.
Iplantoreadwhicheverbookyourecommend.
Hisfatherwasnotsatisfiedwithwhathehad.
ShewalkeduptowhereIstood.
3,由that引起的从句,在believe,think,suppose后常不加that.
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,也只将前面的词否定.
Idon’tthinkyoucanbeatme.
Hedoesn’texpectweneedworry.
有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语.
SheremindedmethatIhadameetingtoattend.
Theyexplainedtousthattheydidn’tmeantomakeusangry.
有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中,that引起的从句常常移到后面,前面用一个it作为形式宾语.
Ithoughtitveryimpossiblethatshewouldcome.
Theytookitforgrantedthatthesingerwascoming.
（三）,表语从句是接在系动词后面的宾语从句.
（四）,同位语从句,在idea,factrumor,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等等词后面,常常用that或连接代词或副词引导从句.
Ihadnoideathattheywereinthatplane.
Heleftmeamessagethathewouldbuymeaticket
totherockconcert.
Thenewsthatwewillhaveaone-monthvacationisnottrue.
二、练习与检测
1._____weneedmorepracticeisquiteclear.
A.WhenB.What
C.ThatD./
2._____Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
A.IfB.Whether
C.EvenifD.Nomatterwhen
3._____knowsthetruthaboutitwilltellyou.
A.WhothatB.That
C.WhoeverD.Thatwho
4._____heisdoingseemsquitedifficult.
A.HowB.That
C.WhichD.What
5._____certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.
A.That’sB.Thisis
C.It’sD.What’s
6._____thatthereisanothergoodharvestthisyear.
A.ItsaysB.Itissaid
C.ItwassaidD.Hewassaid
7._____thatshehasreceivedadoctor’sdegree.
A.It’sasplendidnewsB.Thisisasplendidnews
C.It’ssplendidnewsD.Thisissplendidnews
8.Itisstrange_____.
A.thatnooneshouldlikethisbook
B.thatnoonelikedthisbook
C.thatwhynoonelikesthisbook
D.whynoonelikesthisbook
9.Itissuggestedthattheexperiment_____underlowtemperature.
A.makesB.ismake
C.shouldbemadeD.willbemade
10._____stillneedstobediscussed.
A.Howistheplantobecarriedout
B.Howtheplanistobecarriedout
C.Whyistheplancarriedout
D.Whytheplancarriedout
11._____isunknowntousall.
A.WheredidsheputitB.Wheresheputit
C.ThatwheresheputitD.Inwhichsheputit
12._____nothingtodowithus.
A.WhathedidisB.Whathehasdoneis
C.WhatdidhedohasD.Whathehasdonehas
13.That’s_____thePartycalledonustodo.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.why
14.Shelooked_____sheweretenyearsyounger.
A.thatB.like
C.asD.asthough
15.ThereasonIhavetogois_____ifIdon’t.
A.thatshewillbedisappointed
B.becauseshewillbedisappointed
C.onaccountofherbeingdisappointed
D.thatshewillbedisappointing
16.Itwas_____heworkedhardthathesucceeded.
A.becauseB.since
C.asD.for
17.Itseemedthatthegirl_____.
A.hadlostimportantsomethingB.hadlostsomethingimportant
C.lostimportantthingsD.lostsomethingimportant
18.Thefact_____heisanadvancedworkeriswellknown.
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.why
19.Thefact_____inthepastfewyearsprovesthatourParty’spolicyiscorrect.
A.thatgreatachievementwasmade
B.whichgreatachievementsweremade
C.whathavebeenmade
D.thatgreatachievementshavebeenmade
20.Ihavenoidea_____.
A.whatdoestheword“infinity”mean
B.whattheword“infinity”means
C.whatthemeaningoftheword“infinity”
D.whattheword“infinity”mean
21.Hissuggestion_____toseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.
A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgo
C.thatwewouldgoD.whenweshouldgo
22.I’llcertainlytelltheEmperor_____pleasedIamwithit.
A.howB.what
C.whoD.whom
23.Iwonder_____heaskedsuchasillyquestioninpublic.
A.howB.what
C.thatD.why
24._____doyouthinkwillteachusmathsnextterm?
A.WhomB.Who
C.WhatD.That
25.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto_____wantstohaveit.
A.whomeverB.whoever
C.whomD.whatever
26.Do_____youthinkisright_____difficultiesyoumayhave.
A.what/howeverB.that/what
C.whatever/whoeverD.what/whatever
27.Areyousure_____?
A.whethersheishonestB.thatsheishonesty
C.sheishonestD.isshehonest
28.Hewasinterestedin_____hehadseenattheexhibition.
A.whichB.that
C.allwhatD.allthat
29.Heoftenthinksof_____hecandomoreforthefourmodernizations.
A.whatB.how
C.thatD.which
30.Take_____muchyouwantand_____youwantto.
A.however/whenB.whenever/how
C.however/whoeverD.however/whenever
三、练习与检测答案
1—5CBCDC6—10BCACB11—15BDADA16—20ABCDB
21—25AADBB26—30DCDBD
二、用适当的连词填空：
1.Ican'tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.
2.That's____________herefusedmyinvitation.
3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.
4.____________weneedismoretime.
5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.
6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.
7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.
8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?
9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?
10.Idon'tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.
定语从句练习改错
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