中山市届高考模拟试题四英语.docx

中山市届高考模拟试题四英语.docx

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中山市届高考模拟试题四英语

中山市2018届高考模拟试题（四）

英语

本试卷共8页，三部分，满分120分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：

1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡的卷头上。

2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Iceclimbingisadynamicwintersportthatcombinesexcitement,techniqueanddetermination.Backin2014,thesportwaspresentedtothepublicduringtheSochiWinterOlympicGamesinRussia.Thenextgoalforiceclimbingisshowcasingthesportin2018PyeongchangOlympicWinterGamesinFebruarybeforeit'sincludedin2022BeijingWinterOlympicGames.Ifyouarealreadyhookedonthissport,herearesomeoftheworld'sbestplaceswithepiciceformationsthatyoushouldn'tmiss.

Ouray,Colorado,US

Knownasthe"SwitzerlandoftheUS",Ourayoffersclimberseasyaccesstomorethan200namedclimbs,withfreeentrancetothepark.Theiceparkalsooffersguideandinstructionalservicesforbeginners.OurayusuallyhoststhebiggesticefestivalinNorthAmericaeveryJanuary.

Shuangqiaogou,Sichuan,China

Chinahasalotoficewalls,whicharelocatedindifferentmountainsinthenorthernandwesternpartsofthecountry.Amongthem,Sichuanprovince'sShuangqiaogou,orTwinbridgeTrench,inMountSigunianghassomeofthefinestsuchspots.Theiceseasonintheareausuallystartsmid-DecemberandrunsthroughlateMarch.Climberscanenjoyvariousiceformationsalongwithaclean,quietenvironment.

Valdez,Alaska,US

Alaska'sbreathtakingValdezregionhasbeenattractingworld-classclimberstotheregionfordecades.Eachyear,thrill-seekersflocktheretofollowclassicroutessuchasSheepCreekandSolomonGulch,whileothersexploretheareabythemselves,hopingtofindthenextclassicsiteontheirownadventures.Otherwintersportsactivitiessuchasglacierhikingandsnowcatskiing,skiingandsledtripscanalsobefoundthere.

1.WhenwillthebiggesticefestivalinNorthAmericabeheldnextyear?

A.JanuaryB.FebruaryC.MarchD.mid-December

2.HowlongdoestheiceseasoninTwinbridgeTrenchusuallylast?

A.2.5monthsB.3monthsC.3.5monthsD.4months

3.Ifyouwenttoexperiencesledtrips,whichofthefollowingcanyougoto?

A.ShuangqiaogouB.OurayC.ValdezD.Pyeongchang

B

Areyouadogperson?

Maybeyouhaveoneathomeandenjoytakingitforwalksandcurlingupwithitonthesofa.

Tosomepeople,aperfectdogmightbeonethatlookscute,isloyalandsitswhenit'stoldandit'sjustapet.Buttoreallybeman'sbestfriend,theyneedtodosomethinguseful.Sometypesthathaveamazingsenseofsmellareputtogooduseassnifferdogsordetectiondogs,andaretrainedtousetheirsensestodetectsubstancessuchasexplosivesandillegaldrugs.You'lloftenseethematairportsorworkingwithpoliceoutonthestreets.

Othertypesofworkingdogsincludeguidedogs,hearingdogsandmobilitydogsallprovidingalife-savingservicetotheirowners.Somedogscanalertemergencyserviceswhentheirownerhasaseizure.Andtherearecleverdogsthathavebeentrainedtoprovideaffectionandcomforttopeopleinhospitals,retirementhomesorschoolsandtopeoplewithautism（孤独症）.

Newusesfordogsarebeingdiscoveredallthetime.DrClaireGuestisCEOofMedicalDetectionDogs,shesays“althoughthedoghasafluffycoatandawaggytail,heisinfactahighlyaccuratebio-sensor.Youknow,evolutionhasgivenhimthissensitivenose,goingdowntopartspertrillion.”

It'sthisincredibleabilitythathasledtotheUK'sNationalHealthServiceassessingwhetherdogscanbeusedtodetectearlystageprostatecancer-vitalforimprovingsurvivalrates.It'smanagedtotraindogstodetectchangesinbloodglucoselevelsinpeoplesufferingfromtype1diabetes.

TosavealifeforadogbiscuitseemsasmallpricetopaysomaybeIshouldhavemoreadmirationandrespectforourfour-leggedfriends–maybecatsaren'tsosmart!

4.Whichsensedoesadetectiondogusetofindillegaldrugs?

A.TouchB.SmellC.HearingD.Taste

5.Howcanadoghelphisownerwithautism?

A.Providingaffectionandcomfort.

B.Providinglife-savingservices.

C.Providingemergencyservices.

D.Providingmedicalservices.

6.DrClaireGuestconsidersadogasabio-sensorbecausehehas.

A.fourlegsB.afluffycoatC.awaggytailD.asensitivenose

7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SnifferdogsB.LoyaldogsC.HerodogsD.Petdogs

C

Just20yearsago,thenine-spottedladybug（九星瓢虫）wascommon.Now,itandothernativespecieshavebecomerare.TheLostLadybugProjectneedsyourphotostohelpthebugs.

TheLostLadybugProjectissendingkidsonanationwidehuntformissingbugs.Tohelp,justtakeaphotoofeveryladybugyousee.SendtheimagestoJohnLoseyandhisteamatCornellUniversity,inNewYork.（Seethewebsiteaddressattheendofthisstory）

Nooneknowswhatiscausingthebugs'disappearance.“Itcouldbeduetoclimatechange,theintroductionofforeignladybugspeciesorseveralotherfactors.”LoseytoldTFK.Hehopestheprojectwillsolvethemysteryandgetkidsexcitedaboutscience,too.

Theprojecthasnetted1000imagessinceitstartedin2004.Thephotoswillbeusedtobuildaladybugdatabase.Thereareabout5000speciesofladybugs,alsoknownasladybeetles.About450speciesarenativetotheUnitedStates.

Thelittlebugshaveabigjob.Theykeepfarmsandgardensfreeofpestslikecrop-eatingaphids.SomeforeignbeetleswerebroughttotheStatestocontrolpests.Inmanyareas,foreignspeciesliketheAsianladybeetlehavereplacednativespecies.“MorethanhalfofthephotossentinareoftheAsianladybeetle.”saysLosey.

Still,participantsintheLostLadybugProjecthavephotographedmorerareladybugsthanscientisthavecollectedin20years.In2006,JileneandJonathanPenhale,then11and10,foundanine-spottedladybuginVirginia.Itwasthefirstsightingin14yearsandprovedthatthespecieswasnotextinct.

Evenifyoudon'tfindararebug,youcansendinphotos.“Allladybugsareimportant,”Loseysays.Tolearnmore,visittreadwell.cce.cornell.edu/ladybeetles.

8.WhoaretheparticipantsoftheLostLadybugProject?

A.Scientist.B.Children.C.Farmers.D.Travelers.

9.ThosewhotakepartintheLostLadybugProjectneedto.

A.searchformissingnine-spottedladybugsintheworld

B.sendphotosofladybugstoscientistsatCornellUniversity

C.donatemoneytoJohnLoseyandhisteam’swebsite

D.thinkofmeasurestoprotectrareladybeetles

10.Whatdowelearnaboutnine-spottedladybugs?

A.Thefirstnine-spottedladybugwasfoundin2006.

B.TheyareaspeciesofladybugintroducedfromAsia.

C.Nine-spottedladybugsarebecomingrare.

D.Theydoabetterjobthanotherbugs.

11.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.provideadviceonhowtofindrarebugs

Bannounceanationwidephotocompetition

C.discusswhetherforeignspeciesshouldbeintroduced

D.introducealadybugprotectionprogram

D

DecadesagotravellingbyplaneinAmericawasagreataffair.Todayitsignalsdiscomfort,extrachargesandthethreatofviolence.

AirfaresarehigherperseatmileinAmericathaninEurope.Theglobalpriceofjetfuelhasfallenbyhalfsince2014.ThattriggeredafarewarbetweenEuropeancarriers,butinAmericaticketpriceshavehardlybudged.

Standardsofservicearealsoworse.OnlyoneoperatorbasedinAmericacanbefoundintheworld’s30bestcarriers,comparedwithninefromEurope.WhenRyanair,currentlyEurope’slargestandcheapestairline,cutservicetothebone,itbegantolosecustomersandmoney.ThatcausedittoperformaU-turnandbe“nicer”tocustomers,inordertoprotectitsmarketsharefromcompetitorslikeeasyJet,WizzAirandNorwegian.

Thishappycombinationoflowfaresandreasonableservicehasasimpleexplanation:

competition.Americanpolicymakershavepresidedoverawaveofmergers（合并）inthepastfewyears.ThebiggestfourcarriersinAmericabetweenthemnowcontrol80%ofthemarket,comparedwithjust48%adecadeago.InEurope,wherethetopfourcarriershavearound45%ofthemarket,policymakershavegotthreethingsright.

First,Europeanregulatorshavetriedhardertopreservecompetitionbetweenexistingcarriers.TheEUhasbeenwillingtoblockmergerstopreventairlinesfrombuildingmonopoly（垄断）positionsatairports.NotsoinAmerica:

at40ofits100biggestairports,asinglecarriernowaccountsformorethanhalfofcapacity（运能）.Thatpushesupprices.

Second,Europehasmadeiteasierforforeignerstoencouragecompetitionbyenteringnewmarkets.TherearenoownershiplimitsatallbetweenEuropeancountries.Americacapsforeignownershipat25%.Foreignjointcompanies,suchasVirginAmericaarestrugglingtotakeoff.

SomeofEurope’sadvantagesarehardtocopy.America’sregulatorsshouldloosenthecaponforeignownershipandpromotetheuseofsecondaryairports.Ifthatdoesn’twork,regulatorsshouldconsiderbreakingupthebigairlines.Allowingcompetitiontoweakenwasahugemistake.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“budged”inParagraph2mean?

A.Changed.B.Increased.C.Steadied.D.Doubled.

13.WhatcanbeinferredaboutRyanairfromParagraph3?

A.Itsairfaresarehigh.

B.Itsservicenowispoor.

C.Itrespondstothemarketquickly.

D.Itislosingitsmarketsharefast.

14.WhathaveEuropeanregulatorsbeentryingtodo?

A.Pushupprices.

B.Capforeignownership.

C.Protectthebiggestairports.

D.Stopcarr