普通高等学校招生全国统一考试标准样卷一校对版.docx

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试标准样卷一校对版.docx

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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试标准样卷一校对版

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试标准样卷

（一）

英语

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷的指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

OURSERVICES

Installationservice

Choosingtotakeadvantageofthisadditionalservicewillsaveyoutimeandenergy.Togetherwithourservicepartners,wewillensuretheworkiscarriedoutaccordingtoyourplan.Onceyouhavechosenourkitchenproducts,talktoaco-workertostarttheprocess.Theywillguideyouthroughwhatneedstobedoneandarrangewithourservicepartnerstocontactyoutotakethingsfurther.

Kitcheninstallationservice

Typesofkitchenworktopandservicecharge

Kitchenoflaminate（层压板）worktop:

¥290/meter

Kitchenofcustom-madeworktop（engineerstone）:

¥430/meter

Note:

Theinstallationmeterisbasedonthedimensionoftheworktop.

Important

—Thisisthecompletekitcheninstallationservicecharge.Youneedtopurchasemorethan5kitchencupboards,whichneedincludingwashing,preparationandcookingfunction.

—Theserviceincludesputtingtogethercupboards,kitchencupboardlightinginstallation,worktopcuttinganddrilling,sinkandtapinstallation,waterpumpingandsealingforkitchenpipeline.

—Ifyouchangethebookedinstallationservicedate,pleasecontactourcustomersupportcentreandchoosethenewassemblyservicedatewhichisonlyavailablewithin31daysaftertheoriginalbookedtime.

—Ifyouneedtochangetheinstallationservicetimeforyourpersonalreason（especiallyforkitchenfurniture）,pleasecontactourcustomersupportcentreatleastonedaybeforethepromiseddate,choosethenewdate,andfinishtheinstallationservicewithin31daysaftertheoriginalbookeddate.Detailspleaserefertothedatewhichwasagreedonbetweenyouandourcustomersupportcentre.

1.Whatdoesthekitcheninstallationchargedependon?

A.Serviceguarantee.

B.Originalproductionareas.

C.Thedimensionofthekitchen.

D.Thetypeandsizeoftheworktop.

2.Whichofthefollowingservicecan'tbeexpectedbyaconsumer?

A.Worktopcutting.

B.Kitchengasinstallation.

C.Puttingtogethercupboards.

D.Sinkandtapinstallation.

3.Whenisthelast-minutechangeoftheinstallationservice?

A.Within31days.

B.Atleastonedaybefore.

C.Fivedaysearlier.

D.Attheagreeddate.

【答案】1-3DBB

【解析】本文是应用文。

文章主要介绍某公司厨房橱柜安装的服务收费、服务内容和服务预定时间。

主题体现了生活需求，语篇材料真实、实用。

1.D把题干“theinstallationcharge”与“servicecharge”部分匹配；从工作台不同种类的不同标价和“Theinstallationmeterisbasedonthedimensionoftheworktop”工作台的大小，两部分信息结合推断出答案。

故答案选D。

2.B迅速定位至文中的“Theserviceincludes...”；逐一排除A、C、D项，文中包括A、C、D项提及的服务；选项B“安装煤气”，文中没有提及。

故答案选B。

3.B理解题干中的“thelast-minutechange”；根据文章最后一段中的“Ifyouneedtochangetheinstallationservicetime”定位细节。

故答案选B。

B

When17-year-oldWolfCukieracceptedaninternship（实习）atNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,heexpectedtobechallengedandgaininsightsintopursuingacareerinphysics.Instead,thehighschooljuniorattainedworldwidefameforanachievement—findinganewplanet!

Theteenagerwastaskedwithexaminingimagesofthechangesinstarbrightnessinsearchofevidenceofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem."Iwasprettymuchspendingmysummerlookingatdataandimagesonacomputerscreen,"Cukiersaid."Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasastareclipse（遮光）butthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet."

Anditwasnoordinaryplaneteither.FurtherresearchbyCukierandateamofscientistsfromGoddardrevealedthatTOI1338b,asitisnowcalled,isarareplanet—aworldorbitingtwostars.Cukier,afanofStarWars,comparesittoTatooineinthemovie."It'sverymuchlikeTatooine,atleasthowthestarswouldappearinthesky.So,itwouldalsohaveadoublesunset."Theresearchers,whoshowedtheirfindingsonJanuary6,2020,believethatTOI1338bisabout6.9timeslargerthantheearth.ItisalsotheonlyplanetintheTOI1338system,whichlies1,300light-yearsawayfromtheearth.TheexpertsstatethatTOI1338b'stwostars,whichorbiteachotherevery15days,varyinsize.

Talkingabouthisdiscovery,Cukiersaysitwasbothluckand"puttinginthehardwork"thatledtohisdiscovery."Yes,whatIdidisimpressive,butitalsodidn'ttakethatmanyspecialskills.So,ifsomeoneisinterestedinscience,likemyage,andeveniftheydon'thavetraining,theyshouldstilljustreachouttoresearchersandfindsomethingthattheycandobecausealmostanyonecanlookthroughdata.Itjusthappenedtobeme,whosawthisone."

Asforhisfuture,Cukierplanstostudyeitherphysicsorastrophysicsincollege.HehopestoattendStanford,PrincetonorMIT.nextautumn.

4.HowdidWolfCukierfeelwhenhefirstsawthesignalfromTOI1338b?

A.Hewasoverjoyed.

B.Hewaspuzzled.

C.Hewasworried.

D.Hewasuninterested.

5.WhatisspecialaboutTOI1338b?

A.ItwasfoundbyNASAscientists.

B.Itcirclesaroundtwostars.

C.ItresemblesTatooineinthesolarsystem.

D.Itisabout6.9timeslargerthantheearth.

6.WhatdoesWolfCukierthinkleadstohisdiscovery?

A.Hisaffectionforstarwarsmovies.

B.HavinganinternshipatNASA.

C.Hisluckanddevotion.

D.Hisspecialskillsandtraining.

7.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?

A.Amoviereview.

B.Aphysicspaper.

C.Asciencefiction.

D.Anewspaperreport.

【答案】4-7BBCD

【解析】本文是新闻报道。

文章通过介绍一位美国高中生在NASA实习时，通过查看数据与图像，发现一颗特殊的行星，这颗行星同时围绕两颗恒星旋转。

高中生还幽默地将这颗行星与电影中的行星做比较。

最后，高中生表达了对天文学的热爱和今后的职业规划。

主题贴近学生生活，对学生有教育意义。

1.B把题干中的“HowdidWolfCukierfeel”与第一、二段的内容进行匹配；从第二段中的“Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasastareclipsebutthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet.”可知，开始主人公以为是恒星的遮光，但与时间又不符。

这说明WolfCukier在刚看到图像信息时是困惑的。

故选B。

2.B排除选项A，文本第一段表明是一位高中生在NASA实习时最早洞察到新行星的，而不是美国航天局的科学家；选择选项B，文本第三段中的“arareplanet—aworldorbitingtwostars”说明其特别之处；排除选项C，文本第二段中的“examiningimagesofthechangesinstarbrightnessinsearchofevidenceofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem”，说明新行星不属于太阳系；排除选项D，文本第三段中提到了行星的大小，但不是其特别之处。

故选B。

3.C由第四段中的“Cukiersaysitwasbothluckand‘puttinginthehardwork’thatledtohisdiscovery”可知C项正确。

故选C。

4.D通读本短文内容可知，这是一篇“新闻报道”。

A选项为“电影影评”，排除；B选项为“物理学论文”，排除；C选项为“科幻小说”，排除。

故选D。

C

Adolescentchimpanzeesadopttheiryoungersiblings（兄弟姐妹）iftheirmothersdie.Theoldersiblingskeepaclosewatchontheyoungstersandgivethemlotsofcomfortinghugs.

Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcan,tosomeextent,helpthem.Similarly,asecondstudyhasshownthatchimpanzeeshaveastrongemotionalresponsewhentheyseethatanotherchimporafamiliarhumanisinjured.

RachnaReddyandJohnMitaniattheUniversityofMichiganweretrackingagroupofabout200chimpsinKibaleNationalPark,Uganda,whenadeadlydiseasestrucktheanimalsbetweenDecember2016andFebruary2017.Twenty-fivechimpsdiedand13losttheirmothers.ReddyandMitanikeptaclosewatchonfourpairsofyoungchimpanzeesiblings,wheretheolderofthetwoeffectivelyadoptedtheyounger.Theolderchimpswere10-17yearsoldwhiletheyoungersiblingswere6to7yearsold.Thepairsspentmuchmoretimetogetheraftertheirmothers'deathsthantheydidbefore.Theyalsocomfortedeachother."Itwasliketheywerebothseekingphysicalcontactallthetime,"saysReddy."Thebehaviormakesevolutionarysense,becausebyhelpingtheirsiblings,theolderchimpsareactingintheinterestoftheirowngenes."Wecan'tbesurewhatisgoingthroughtheirminds,butReddysaystheyoungersiblingswereclearlyscaredandupsetandtheoldersiblingsseemedtotakethesituationseriously."Iamhesitanttouseawordlike'responsibility',"saysReddy,butshesaystheywererespondingtotheirsiblings'suffering.

Inlinewiththis,chimpsreactwhenoneoftheirmembersisinjured:

theymayinspectorhelpdealwithawound,forinstance.YutaroSatoatKyotoUniversityinJapanandhiscolleagueshavenowfoundthatchimpsrespondonanemotionalleveltoseeinganinjury.Theyshowedsixchimpsahumanwithwhomtheywerefamiliar,andwhohadaseriouswound.Thecamerasshowedatemperaturedropinsidethechimps'noses,whichisknowntohavelinkswithastrongnegativeemotion.

8.Whydidtheolderchimpanzeesadopttheyoungersiblings?

A.Becausetheyenjoyedhavingplaymates.

B.Becausetheyobservedthelawofjungle.

C.Becausetheyweretaughttotakeresponsibility.

D.Becausetheyunderstoodtheirsiblings'suffering.

9.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph3?

A.Toshowhowtheyconductedtheresearch.

B.Tomakeananalysisofthefindings.

C.Tocomparethetworesearches.

D.Todescribeamovingstoryintheresearch.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?

A.Chimps'unwillingnesstohelp.

B.Chimps'mindsfullofsadness.

C.Chimps'reactiontotheirsiblings'suffering.

D.Thedecreaseofchimps'nosetemperature.

11.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Chimpsreallydocare

B.Themysteryofchimps

C.Chimps:

tobeornottobe

D.Thepowerofevolution

【答案】8-11DACA

【解析】本文是说明文。

文章主要介绍了科学发现：

当猩猩妈妈去世后，青春期的猩猩会对年幼的猩猩的悲伤做出反应，主动承担照料小猩猩的责任。

文章科学性强，内容清晰，逻辑性强，是非常好的文本输入材料。

1.D理解题干，迅速定位到文本第二段第一句话“Thefindingaddstotheevidencethatchimpanzeescanunderstandwhenothersaresufferingandcan,tosomeextent,helpthem.”由此判断选D项。

2.A读懂第三段主要介绍观察对象、过程和结果，即如何具体实施研究，故选A项；第四段介绍了科学家的分析，因此把干扰项B排除；文章介绍了两个实验，第三段中没有进行比较，因此选项C排除；文章是说明文体裁，没有进行故事描写，排除D项。

故选A项。

3.C理解第三段最后一句话中的“theywererespondingtotheirsiblings'suffering”；