中英数字词语文化内涵之分析文档格式.docx
《中英数字词语文化内涵之分析文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中英数字词语文化内涵之分析文档格式.docx（29页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
院 系：
外国语学院
专 业：
英语
指导教师：
尤爱莉
二〇〇九年六月
ANANALYSISONCULTURALIMPLICATIONSOFCHINESEANDENGLISHNUMERICALEXPRESSIONS
byXuYao
Supervisedby
YouAili
SubmittedtotheEnglishDepartment
inpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementsforthedegreeofBachelorofArts
at
BeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityJune2009
摘要
数字词语是词汇的重要部分，其意义与其所处的文化背景有着不可分割的联系。
它不仅直接反映文化背景还深受文化因素的影响。
并且数字词语在日常生活中的使用不单是表达数量,更主要的是利用它们的文化内涵来表达特定的哲理或丰富的象征意义，并在跨文化的交流中发挥重要影响。
中英数字词语的内涵和外延意义,虽有共同之处,也存在着明显的差异。
本文在总结前人对数字词语文化内涵的研究基础上，进一步分析其差异，从而找到导致其差异的原因。
更重要的是作者特别针对在英汉数字词语的跨文化交际中占主要地位的英汉数字词语的互译这一问题，提出了一套可行的方法。
以便让外语学习者意识到在文化差异导致下产生的数字词语外延意义及文化内涵的不同，避免在跨文化交际活动中因文化差异而引起误解和冲突。
本文主体由三部分组成。
第一部分列举了中英数字词语中包含不同文化内涵的现象。
在这一部分作者首先将数字词语分成了两类，即单个的数字词和包含单个数字词的习语。
随后作者分别列举并比较了这两类数字词语中包含不同文化内涵的现象。
在第一部分的基础上，作者在第二部分中深入探究了造成这种现象的诸多原因，其中着重分析了社会、历史、宗教及心理因素。
为在中英数字词语的跨文化交际中减少冲突与误会，在第三部分中作者特别讨论了跨文化交际中中英数字词语互译这一问题，并提出了一些行之有效的互译方法。
关键词：
数字词语；
文化差异；
文化内涵；
中英数字词语互译
Abstract
Numericalexpressionsareacrucialpartoflanguage,andthereisatightrelationshipbetweennumericalexpressionsandtheirculturalbackground.Numericalexpressionsnotonlyreflectculturedirectly,buttheyareinfluencedbyculture.However,besidesexpressingtheconceptofquantity,themoreimportantfunctionofnumericalexpressionsisthattheycanrevealcertainphilosophyandmetaphoricalmeaning;
thereforeithasgreatimpactoncrossculturecommunication.ThoughtherearelotsofsimilaritiesbetweentheconnotationanddenotationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions,differencesdoexist.Thisarticleaimsatanalyzingtheirdifferencesfurthermore,andfindingthereasonsbehindthatphenomenon.Andwhatismoreimportantisthattheauthorproposesaneffectivewayforforeignlanguagelearnerstogetawareofnumericalexpressions’differentculturalimplicationswhichareleadbydifferentculturalbackgrounds.
Thethesisconsistsofthreepartsinitsmainbody.Thefirstpartliststhe
phenomenonofdifferentculturalimplicationsofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions.Inthispart,theauthorclassifiesthenumericalexpressionintotwogroups:
theindividualnumericalexpressionsorthesimplenumeralsandnumericalidioms,thenthesetwogroupsarestudiedseparately.ThedifferencesofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions’culturalconnotationsareemphasized.Basedonthepreviouspart,thesecondpartprobesintothereasonswhichleadtothedifferenceofculturalimplicationsandanalyzesthesocial,historical,religiousandpsychologicalfactors.InordertoreducetheconflictsbetweenthecrossculturecommunicationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions,inthethirdpart,theauthordiscussesthetranslationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions,sinceitisregardedasanimportantpartofthecrossculturecommunicationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions.
Keywords:
numericalexpression;
culturaldifferences;
culturalimplication;
thetranslationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions
Contents
AbstractinChinese… i
AbstractinEnglish… ii
Introduction… 1
1.DifferencesbetweentheculturalimplicationsofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions… 2
1.1Thedefinitionofnumericalexpression 3
1.2ChineseandEnglishnumerals’conceptualandassociativemeanings… 3
1.2.1TheconceptualmeaningofChineseandEnglishnumerals. 4
1.2.2TheassociativemeaningofChineseandEnglishnumerals… 4
1.2.2.1One… 5
1.2.2.2Three… 6
1.2.2.3Two 7
1.2.2.4Seven 8
1.3DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishnumericalidioms… 10
1.3.1Differenceindescribingspecificpsychologyandbehavior… 10
1.3.2Differenceunderfixedhistoricalbackgroundandcustom… 12
2.ThecausesofthedifferentculturalimplicationsofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions 13
2.1Thedifferent culturalorigins… 13
2.2Thedifferenthistoricalbackgroundsandsocialcustoms 14
3.ThepropertranslationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions. 16
3.1Developingculturalawareness… 17
3.2Usingfreetranslation… 18
3.2.1Literaltranslation… 18
3.2.2Paraphrasing… 19
Conclusion… 21
References… 23
Introduction
Ashumancivilizationdevelopsconstantly,ourlanguageisalsoexperiencingthecontinuousevolutionwhichcanbereflectedclearlybytheenlargingvocabularyandexpressions.Sowecansaythatvocabularyandexpressionsisamirrorofsocietyandculture.Peopleareunlikelytocommunicatewitheachotherfromdifferentculture,iftheyfailtounderstandtheculturalimplicationsofforeignwords.Asanimportantpartoflanguage,numericalexpressionisalsofullyinfluencedbyculture,andtosomeextentsrevealsitsculturalbackgrounds.Thoughnumericalexpressionisubiquitousandpeoplefromeverycultureareallusingthemintheirdailylife,itstillbearsitsownculturalimpactsandimplications.Sowecannotjusttakenumericalexpressionsforgranted,butweshouldtaketheirculturaldifferencesintoconsideration.Andinthecrossculturecommunicationorforeignlanguagestudying,aclearunderstandingofboththeconnotationanddenotationofnumericalexpressionsisindispensable.
Manypreviousstudieswerefocusedmainlyon“describingandclassifying
typicalcontextsofsituationwithinthecontextofculture…[and]typesoflinguisticfunctioninsuchcontextofsituation”（Firth,1935,p.27）.Inotherwordstheythoughtculturalandsituationalsemanticsprovideaninterestingstartingpointforthestudyoflanguageasawholeentity（Malinowski,1923）.Butthisarticletargetsattheculturalimpactsonnumericalexpressionsspecifically.SinceChineseandEnglisharetwotypicalexampleswhichcanreflectthehugedifferencesbetweeneasternandwesternculture,theauthorchooseChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressionstocompareandexploretheirculturalimplications.Thoughsomescholarshavealsonoticedthisphenomenon,theyputmoreeffortsonlistingthedifferences（Hu,2005）,orthereasonforthosedifferences（Wang&
Li,2007）,thisarticleexplorestheeffectivetranslationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions.Anditisvaluableforforeignerstomastertheculturalimplicationsofthoseexpressionsandcanhelpthemtoreachadeeper
understandingoftheexpressions.SowecanreducethemisunderstandingsbetweenthecrossculturecommunicationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions.
Thispaperbelievesthatthetraditionalterm“numeral”isnotadequatetoillustratetheconflictscausedbythemisunderstandingsofthenumbers’connotationsinthecrossculturecommunication.Becausethe“numeral”onlymeanssymbolsrepresentasinglenumber,butitisthetermsandidiomswhichcontainthesinglenumeralsthatcausemanyconfusionsandconflictsinthecrossculturecommunication.Sointhisthesistheauthorbroadenstheconceptandborrowsanotherconcept“numericalexpression”whichincludesthefollowingtwoparts,thefirstgroupisindividualnumericalwordsornumeralssuchastheordinalnumbers;
thesecondgroupisthenumericalidiomswhichareidiomsorproverbsthatcontainindividualnumerals.SothefirstpartofthisthesismainlyaimsatdiscussingthephenomenonofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions’culturalimplicationsinthesetwogroupsrespectively.Sobasedonthephenomenonofsamenumericalexpressionhavingdifferentculturalconnotations,thesecondpartcontributesthereasonsthatleadtothisphenomenon.Theauthorbelievesthatbesidesthehistoricalandreligiousfactors,psychologicaldifferencesanddifferentviewstowardtheworldshouldalsobeincluded.However,Onlypointingoutthereasonsisnotenough,thewaythatwedealwiththosedifferencesismoreimportantandvaluable.Thereforeinthelastpart,theauthorproposesthesuccessfultranslationofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressionsthatwillhelpusgetfamiliarwiththeculturalimplicationsandtheconnotationsofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions,anddiminishtheconflictsinthecrossculturecommunicationinalongterm.
1DifferencesbetweentheculturalimplicationsofChineseandEnglishnumericalexpressions
Nomatterinwhichcountryorinwhattypeofculture,numericalexpression
canbefoundeasily.Itispartlybecausethatnumericalexpressionoccupies
importantpositioninhuman’scommonsense,andpartlybecauseitsbasicfunctioniscalculatingwhichisnecessaryforanyhumanbeing.Butstillwecanfind,especiallyinthecrossculturecommunication,eventhosesimplenumericalexpressionscarrysomespecialculturalmarks.Sothefirststepofthispaperistofindoutthosesubtledifferences.
1.1Thedefinitionofnumericalexpression
Sincetheusageofnumericalexpressionisverywide,itwillbemoreconvenientandclearforfurtheranalyzing,ifwedividethenumericalexpressionintotwogroups.Firstgroupisthesimpleindividualnumericalwordorsimplenumeral.Forexample,thecommonordinalnumber:
one,two,three….Andtheothergroupisnumericalidiomwhichmeanstheidiomthatcontainsindividual
numerals.Forexample,inChinese,wehave“一心一意”;
inEnglish,thereis“intheseventhheaven”.Soonlyifwetakebothofthesetwosituationsintoconsideration,wecanhaveacomparativelycompleteunderstandingofnumericalexpressions
1.2ChineseandEnglishnumerals’conceptualandassociativemeanings
Theinternalattributionofanythingcanbestudiedclearlybycomparison,soifwewanttoanalyzetheinternalattributionofnumericalexpression its
cultu
升级会员 