届山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测英语试题解析版.docx

届山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测英语试题解析版.docx

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届山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测英语试题解析版

山东省泰安市2018届高三第一轮复习质量检测

英语试题

2018．3

本试卷由四个部分组成。

其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。

第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题，共12页。

试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：

1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。

2．答选择题时，每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

3．答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7．5分）

听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

A．Enjoythebeautifulday．

B．Washsomeclothes．

C．Workinthebackyard．

2．Whichtrainwillthewomantake?

A．The10：

05one．B．The10：

15one．C．the10：

20one．

3．Whatdothespeakersthinkofthechemistrycourse?

A．Well-organized．B．Unsatisfactory．C．Interesting．

4．Whatpatternisontheman’snewT-shirt?

A．Somecircles．B．Somewords．C．Somecrosses．

5．WherewillthewomangoonSaturday?

A．Toashoppingmall．B．Totheseaside．C．Toacinema．

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。

6．WhatwilltheweatherbelikethisWeekend?

A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Windy．

7．Whatisthewomangoingtodonextweekend?

A．Workovertime．B．Stayathome．C．Gotothebeach．

听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。

8．Whyisthemanunhappy?

A．Hedidbadlyinhispaper．

B．Hehateswritingclasses．

C．Hedislikeshisteacher．

9．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?

A．Changeacourse．

B．Talktohisteacher．

C．Giveupwritingpapers．

听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。

10．Whydoesn’tthewomandothegardening?

A．Shedislikesworkinginthegarden．

B．Sheisnotfeelingverywell．

C．Shewantstosavetrouble．

11．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A．Gardenerandbuyer．B．Oldfriends．C．Neighbors．

12．Whatwillthewomandonext?

A．Havesomecoffeewiththeman．

B．Makethemanachocolatecake．

C．Givethemansomemoney．

听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。

13．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A．Howtobeagoodmother．

B．Howtoeatproperly．

C．Howtohandlestress．

14．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?

A．Shedoesexerciseregularly．

B．Shehastwolittleboys．

C．Sheoftenovereats．

15．Howlongdoesthewomansleeppernight?

A．About6hours．B．About8hours．C．About9hours．

16．Whatdoesthewomanprefertodo?

A．Runwiththedog．

B．Cookdifferentcookies．

C．Eatapieceofdarkchocolate．

听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。

17．Whomightthespeakerbe?

A．Adoctor．B．Aprofessor．C．Amedicalsecretary．

18．WhatdoesthespeakerwantMs．Browntodo?

A．Callbackwhenshecan．

B．Getsometestsassoonaspossible．

C．Comebacktotheofficerightaway．

19．Whatisthespeaker’sadvice?

A．Avoidingsunexposure．

B．Doingmoreexercise．

C．Drivingaslittleaspossible．

20．Accordingtothespeakerwhatdomostpeopledoforabadsunburn?

A．Putonsuncream．

B．Gotothehospital．

C．Takesomemedicine.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C~D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Ifyou’veevernoticeduneasinessinyourpuppyaroundanunwelcomehouseguest，youmightbeontosomething．Anewstudyfoundthatdogscanreallysensebadbehaviorinhumans，andarelesslikelytoaccepttreatsfromthosepeople．

Forthestudy，whichwaspublishedintheJanuaryeditionofNeuroscience&biobehavioralReviews，researcherssetupasceneinwhichadogwatchedhisownertrytoopenacontainerwhiletwoactorswereonset．Inaseriesofthreetriesoneoftheactorswouldhelptheowneropenthecontainer，respondneutrally（中立地），orrefusetohelpopenthecontainer．Theotheractorrespondedpassivelyinallthreetries．Ateachendofthetry，bothactorswouldofferthedogatreatatthesametime．Inthetrieswheretheworkingactorhadrespondedeitherhelpfullyorneutrally，thedogwasequallylikelytoacceptatreatfromeitherofthetwoactors．Inthethirdtrywherehehadrespondedrudely，thedogwasmorelikelytochoosethepassiveactor．

JamesAnderson，apsychologistwhoworkedonthestudyatKyotoUniversity，toldtheNewScientistthatthedogsmostlikelyhaveasimilarabilitytonoticebadbehaviorinhumansashumanbabiesdo．“Ifsomebodyisbehavingbadly，theyprobablyendupwithsomesortofemotionalreactiontoit,”hesays．Babieshavebeenshowntobegintomakethesetypesofconnectionsaroundageone．

Sowhileyoucan’taskyourdog’sopinioneverytimeyou’refacingadifficultsituation，youcanconsiderhisjudgmentofyournewfriendswhenthinkingaboutwhethertheyarekindornot．Ofcourse，we’11suggestdoingsoaccordingtothesituationandyourownconsideration，butitwouldn’thurttotakenote!

1.Whatdoesthenewstudymainlyshow?

A.Dogscanreadhumans’thoughts．

B.Dogsareunwillingtoaccepttreatsfrompeople

C.Dogscansenseunfriendlinessofhumans．

D.Dogsfeeluneasyaroundstrangepeople．

2.Inthethirdtry，whywasthedogmorelikelytochoosethepassiveactor?

A.Thedogwantedtopleasehim．

B.Histreatsappearedmoreattractive．

C.Hisactionstayedthesameduringthreetries．

D.Thedogconsideredtheotheractorrude．

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”they”inParagraph3referto?

A.Humans．B.Dogs．

C.Babies．D.Psychologies．

【答案】1.C2.D3.B

【解析】本文是一篇科普方面的文章。

文章主要讲述了一项新的研究发现，狗可以感觉到人类的不良行为。

2.细节理解题。

根据文章第二段最后一句Inthethirdtrywherehehadrespondedrudely，thedogwasmorelikelytochoosethepassiveactor．可知，狗认为其他演员粗鲁，故选D。

3.词义推测题。

根据前一句oldtheNewScientistthatthedogsmostlikelyhaveasimilarabilitytonoticebadbehaviorinhumansashumanbabiesdo．可知，这里的they指代前句中的dogs。

故选B。

B

Honestyisthebestpolicy．Wemayagreethatadmittingmistakesandbehavinginagenuinewayistherightwaytoleadourlives，butistheresomethinginourhumannaturethatmakesusimmoral?

Forexample，insomeshopsandcarparksyoucanfindanhonestybox—aboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinit—butitreliesonyouputtingtherightamountofcashin．Thisreliesonpeoplebeinghonestandnottryingtocheatbutitdoesprovideatemptationtogetawaywithnotpayingthefullamount．

PhilipGraves，apsychologist，suggeststhatthistemptationispartofourevolution．Hesays：

“Wehaveevolvedwiththeabilitytobedishonest．It'spartofourevolutionarypsychologicalmake-up-becauseifwecangainanadvantageoverthepeoplearoundus，wehaveagreaterchanceofsurviving．”

Sowhydoweplacesuchimportanceonbeinghonestifwebenefitfrombeingdishonest?

It’sbecauseitisselfishbehavior．Ifeverybodyactedselfishlyanddishonestlyallthetime，theworldwouldbeaveryunpleasantplace．AsPhilipGravessays：

“Thereisabalancetostrikebetweentheextenttowhichwecanfeatherourownnest，sotospeak，andtheriskofbeingostracized（排斥）bythegroup．”So，forsocietiestoworktogetherweneedtotrusteachotherandthereforeweneedtobehonest．

Beingtrustworthywithmoneyisofcoursevitalforaneconomytosurvive．Butbeinghonestwithwordsisanothermatter，sayingwhatwethinktosomeonecangetusintohotwater．However，anewanonymousmessagingapphasbeendesignedthatletsanyonewithalinktoyourprofile（简介）tosendyouamessagewithoutknowingwhoit’sfrom．Theappnowhas300millionuserswhichperhapsindicateshowhonestwereallyliketobe—butinallhonesty，doyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplethinkaboutyou?

Ishonestyalwaysthebestpolicy?

4.Whatdoesanhonestyboxrequirepeopletodo?

A.Getthechangeoutofitfreely．

B.Putthecorrectamountofmoneyinit．

C.Donatethepocketmoneytoothers．

D.Payalargeramountofmoney．

5.AccordingtoPhilipGraves，beingdishonest________．

A.isadisadvantage

B.shouldbeadvocated

C.ispartofourevolution

D.helpspeoplesurvive，better

6.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thereasonforbeinghonest

B.Thebenefitofbeingdishonest

C.Theoutcomeofselfishness

D.Theimportanceofgroupwork

7.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Honestyisalwaysthebestpolicy．

B.Theauthorisinfavorofdishonesty．

C.Themarketofthenewappispromising．

D.Beinghonestwithwordsissometimesimproper．

【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D

【解析】本文是一篇科教类阅读。

在生活、工作中，诚实一定是上策吗？

本文讨论“诚实守信”是人的本能还是社交生活的必然产物。

4.细节理解题。

根据文章第一段中Forexample，insomeshopsandcarparksyoucanfindanhonestybox—aboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinit—butitreliesonyouputtingtherightamountofcashin．可知，诚实盒子要求人们在盒子里放入正确数目的钱。

故选B。

5.细节理解题。

根据文章第二段PhilipGraves的话Wehaveevolvedwiththeabilitytobedishonest．It'spartofourevolutionarypsychologicalmake-up-becauseifwecangainanadvantageoverthepeoplearoundus，wehaveagreaterchanceofsurviving．可知，不诚实是我们进化的一部分。

故选C。

6.主旨大意题。

根据文章第三段内容尤其首句Sowhydoweplacesuchimportanceonbeinghonestifwebenefitfrombeingdishonest?

可知，此段主要向我们叙述要诚实的原因。

故选A。

7.推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段Butbeinghonestwithwordsisanothermatter，sayingwhatwethinktosomeonecangetusintohotwater．内容可知，诚实的话有时候是不恰当的。

故选D。

C

ThemostpowerfulrockettoleaveEarthsincetheApollomissionslaunched（发射）fromFloridaonFebruary6．

Whatwasthelaunchtryingtoachieve?

TheFalcon（猎鹰）Heavytestflightwasmostlyaproof-of-concept，showingtheworlditispossibletosuccessfullyflyarocketwiththreere-usableboosters（助推器）beyondorbit．SpaceXbillionaireElonMusksaidthatthecompanyplannedtoaimtherocketsotheelectriccarreachedMars’（火星）orbitalpatharoundthesunaboutsixmonthsafterlaunch．

Headdedthatthecarcouldpassclosetotheredplanetasitcrosseditsorbit，thoughheadmittedthiswas‘extremelyunlikely’．

WhatdoesSpaceXgainfromtheflight?

SpaceXwasbuiltaroundtheideathatreusablerocketscouldgreatlyreducethecostofcarryingcargo（货物）intospaceforpayingcustomers，suchassatellitesorspacesta