最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题含答案 2.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解练习题含答案2
2020-2021最新高考英语阅读理解练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart-drivers.
DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.
Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The"winner,"iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.
"Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,"saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Evenants(蚂蚁)candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines."
Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.
(1)Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause_____.
A. theydidnothaveanyhumanguidance
B. theroadwasnotfamiliartothedrivers
C. thedistancewastoolongforthevehicles
D. theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers
(2)DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto_____.
A. raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehicles
B. pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustry
C. trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesert
D. improvethevehiclesforfuturewars
(3)Fromthepassageweknow"roboticvehicles"areakindofmachinesthat_____.
A. candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcan
B. cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimit
C. canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedown
D. canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings
(4)Inthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo______.
A. foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficulties
B. foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetable
C. foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolve
D. foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛,目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车,并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart-drivers.”车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家,因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。
可知,这些汽车都没有驾驶员。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.”美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)组织了这次比赛,作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。
可以推测,DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车,故选D。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.”但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了,在没有人类引导的情况下,让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。
可以推断出“roboticvehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车,故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“sheismoreadvanced...thananymachine...”可知机器远不如人的智力。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
"Thehistoryoftheworldisbutthebiography(传记)ofgreatmen,"arguedThomasCarlyle,theadvocateofwhathascometobeknownasthe"GreatManTheoryofHistory."Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes.WhetherornotCarlyle'stheoryprovestrueisdebatable,butthatcertainindividualscastlongshadowsisnot.
Asonewhoisentrustedwithaleadershipposition,Ifinditprofitabletoreadofotherswhohaveled.Whereveryoufindme,you'lllikelyfindagoodbiographynearby.Whyisthisthecase?
First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.I'lloccasionallyreadanovel,butI'veneverbeenoverlydrawntofiction.IhavefoundmyselfunabletosleepwhileinthestruggleoftheBattleofBritaininWilliamManchester'sTheLastLion.Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife.
Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention.You'llfindnobetteraccountoftheBritishEmpireatitspeakthantheopeningchaptersofManchester'sVisionsofGlory,volumeoneofhisTheLastLion.Strictlyspeaking,abiographyisbutasliceofhistory.
Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing.WinstonChurchilloncenotedamanwhoworkswithhishandsshouldhaveahobbythatengageshismind,andamanwhoworkswithhismindshouldhaveahobbythatengageshishands.AnotherwaytoapplyChurchill'ssayingistocombinetechnical,pen-in-handvocationalreadingwithleisurelybiographicalreading.Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld.
ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber.
(1)Whatisimpliedinthefirstparagraph?
A. TheauthorfindsCarlyle'stheoryundebatable.
B. Carlylebelievesgreatmenalonecannotcreatehistory.
C. Itisdebatablewhetheroneshouldreadgreatmen'sbiographies.
D. Theauthoragreesthathistoryisgreatlyinfluencedbycertainmen.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"otheritems"inthethirdparagraphreferto?
A. goodbiographies
B. storiesofcertaintimes
C. thevolumesofTheLastLion
D. thechaptersoftheBritishEmpire
(3)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A. Theauthorconsidersbiographicalreadingenjoyable.
B. Theauthorcantraveltoanotherworldintheevening.
C. Theauthorhasfoughtmanybattlesduringhislifetime.
D. Theauthorprofitscommerciallybyreadingbiographies.
(4)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?
A. Toanalyzethebenefitsofvocationalreading.
B. Tointroducetoreadershisuniquereadingstrategies.
C. Topresentgreatmen'shistorythroughbiographyreading.
D. Torecommendbiographyreadingthroughhisownexperiences.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的"Thistheorysuggeststhatthebroadermovementsandoutlineofhistoryallgobacktotheleadershipofgreatindividualswhohaduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes"可知,这一理论表明,更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。
所以通过第一段的关键词"gobackto,haduniqueinfluenceontheirtimes",判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的"Agoodbiographertellsnotonlythestoryofaperson,butalsooftheirtimes.Readingagoodbiographyislikewanderingthroughanintellectualshoppingmall.Thefirststoreiswhatdrewyouthere,butyouwillbepleasantlysurprisedalongthewayatwhatotheritemsgrabyourattention."可知,一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事,而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。
读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。
第一家商店吸引了你,但你会惊喜地发现,还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。
所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物,将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。
故判断出第三段划线的"otheritems"指的是某个时期的故事。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Forme,nottoreadbiographieswouldrobmeofpleasureinmylife"以及第三段"Indeed,fewthingsaremorerelaxingtomethanwindingdowntheeveningandenteringintoanotherworld."可知,对我来说,不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。
的确,没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚,进入另一个世界更令我放松。
所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。
故A选项"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快"是正确的。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的"First,Ifindgoodbiographiesfascinating.";第三段中的"Second,Ifindgoodbiographiesinformative.";第四段中的"Third,Ifindgoodbiographiesrelaxing."以及最后段"ThisiswhyIlovereadinggoodbiographies,andwhyIpitythepersonwhoneglectsthem.Don'tbecountedamongtheirnumber."可知,首先,我觉得好的传记很吸引人。
我发现好的传记信息丰富。
我发现好的传记让人放松。
这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记,以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。
不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。
可知,作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Duringthisshoppingseason,salesmenwillcomeupwithdifferentstrategiestogetyourbusiness.Manyproductcompaniesusespecificcolorstocausepositiveemotionsandcompeteforasale.However,sightisnottheonlysensory(感官的)retailthatcompaniesuse.Soundsandsmellscanalsoinfluenceconsumers'purchasingdecisions.
NobelPrize-winningresearchshowsthatoursenseofsmellhasgreatpowertocauseanemotionalresponse.AstudypublishedearlierthisyearcomparedpurchasinginaFrenchflowershopwhenthesmelloflavender(薰衣草)wasgivenoffandwhenitwasn't.Itfoundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofconsumers'purchasingitemsa