高考英语专题复习分类练习 阅读理解综合解答题附详细答案.docx

高考英语专题复习分类练习 阅读理解综合解答题附详细答案.docx

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高考英语专题复习分类练习阅读理解综合解答题附详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   AgreatnumberofspeciesmaketheirhomeinthevastwatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.Sargassumisanalga（海藻）thatfloatsinmassesthatcancontinueformiles.ThewatersoftheGulfStreampushthewaterinanorthwardmoveintothisarea.Thisconstantmoveandvaryingtemperaturesupporttheaccumulationofthebrown-coloredseaweed.

   TheSargassoSeaissoenormousthatonemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem.Researchershaveneededtoemployseveralmethodsofsampling.Methodssuchasdraggingnetsoverthesurfaceofthewaterandvideotapingbeneathareasofsargassumhaveservedscientistswell.InformationcollectedhasshownthattheGulfStreampushesbrownalgaefromopenwaterintotheSargassoSeaarea,creatingadiversefloatinghabitatinanareathatwouldotherwisenotsupportthatwildlife.

   InthemostrecentstudyofthesargassumcommunityofftheshoresofNorthCarolina,eighty-onefishspeciesweredocumentedasusingtheareaasamicrohabitat.Thisisanincreasefrompreviousstudies.Thetypesoffishfoundherearebothcommerciallyandenvironmentallyimportant.TheSouthAtlanticFisheryManagementCouncilisworkingtoregulatetheharvestingofsargassum.TheCouncilhopestohavetheareaclassifiedasanEssentialFishHabitat.Whichwouldafforditcertainprotections.

   FurtherresearchneedstobedonebeforescientistsunderstandhowtobestprotecttheSargassoSeaaswellasunderstandhowitgoesaboutsupportingsomanyimportanttypesofwildlife.

（1）Theauthoruses"enormous"inparagraph2tostressthat      .

A. theAtlanticOceanisreallyamazingintermsofitssizeandarea

B. whattheresearchersdoishighlyrespectedbyscientificcommunity

C. theresearchworkiscomplexbecausealargeareamustbecovered

D. alargeamountofmoneyfortheSargassoSearesearchisneeded

（2）Itcanbeinferredfromthephrase"neededtobedone"inparagraph4thattheauthorthinks      .

A.theSargassoecosystemisworthourattentionandneedsmorestudy

B.thescientificcommunityhasignoredthiscomplexecosystem

C.theSargassoSeaisbecomingaproblemandneedsremoving

D.newmethodsforresearchingtheecosystemmustbefoundinstantly

（3）Thetextismainlyabout          .

A.diversityofwildlifeintheAtlanticOcean

B.differenthabitatsofseaanimals

C.methodsofinformationcollection

D.theSargassoSeaasanentireecosystem

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马尾藻海这个完整的生态系统，非常巨大以至于一种信息收集方法不足以让科学家准确了解这个生态系统中发生的情况，这里发现的鱼类种类在商业和环境上都很重要。

南大西洋渔业管理委员会正在努力管制马尾藻海的捕捞。

这将为马尾藻海提供一定的保护。

（1）考查句义猜测。

根据第二段中的“onemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem”一种信息收集方法还不足以让科学家准确地了解在这个生态系统中发生了什么，可知作者在第2段中使用了“enormous”一词，是为了强调研究工作很复杂，因为必须覆盖很大的区域。

故选C。

（2）考查句义猜测。

根据第四段中的“beforescientistsunderstandhowtobestprotecttheSargassoSeaaswellasunderstandhowitgoesaboutsupportingsomanyimportanttypesofwildlife”在科学家们了解如何最好地保护马尾藻海以及如何救助这么多重要的野生动物之前，还需要做进一步的研究。

可知从第4段“needtobedone”一词可以推断，作者认为马尾藻生态系统值得我们关注，需要更多的研究。

故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.”虽然整个海洋构成了一个生态系统，但在其中发现了许多较小的栖息地，包括北大西洋沿岸的一个被称为马尾藻海的开放水域栖息地。

以及文章内容为关于马尾藻海的一些研究说明，可知文本主要是关于作为一个完整的生态系统的马尾藻海。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   IvisitedElbalastJune,joiningMaryandJohnonabicyclingvacation.Theymadethearrangementsforthecar,hotelandbicycles.Istudiedthehistoryoftheisland,whichofcourseparticularlyfeaturesNapoleon.

   Napoleon（nowIknow）pickedElbaasaplaceforpeacewhenhewasforcedtogiveupthethrone（王权）asEmperorofFrancein1814.Farfrombeingaprisonisland,Elbaisbeautifulwithtoweringmountains,thickforestsandsweepingbaysandbeaches.

   Itisalsoanislandfilledwithtreasure.Veryearlyonthisisland,localsdiscoveredrichdepositsofiron.Soonoutsiders,too,discoveredtheironand150othervaluablemineralsonthislittlepieceofland.LongbeforeEtruscansandotherGreekssetfootonit,DorianshadmovedinbythetenthcenturyB.C.andwereminingtheisland.TheRomansrulednext,obtainingthemineralsandbuildinggrandhousesoverlookingthesea.Fromthetwelfthcenturyuntilthenineteenth,theislandwastradedbackandforthandwaspassedtoFrancein1802.ThencameNapoleon,thenewrulerofElba.

   IwaseagertovisithishouseinPortoferraio.TheEmperorlivedwithhiscourtandhismother,buthiswife,MarieLouisehadensconcedherselfinthesplendidViennesepalaceofherfather,EmperorofAustria.Shelivedsafelythereandshowedlittleinterestinvisitingherhusbandinhismini-kingdom.Apparently,Napoleonwasn'ttroubledmuchbythis.Hewastoobusyridingeverywhereonhorseback,buildingroads,modernizingagricultureand,aboveall,sharpeninghistinyarmyandnavyintoreadinessforhisescape.

   IntheformalgardensbehindthehouseitseemedtomethatIcouldimaginetheexiled（流放的）conqueror'sanxiousthoughts.HemightgazeoverwhereIstoodnow,towardthelighthouseoftheStellafort,thesandybay,andacrossit,thegreenmountainsoftheTuscancoast.NapoleonspentonlytenmonthsherebeforemakinghisvictoriousreturntoFranceandthethrone.

（1）WhatdidtheauthordoforthevisittoElba?

A. Hedidresearchonitspast.                             

B. Hearrangedtransportation.

C. Heplannedbicyclingroutes.                          

D. Hebookedaccommodation.

（2）WhomightbetheearliestoutsiderstoElbaaccordingtothetext?

A. Napoleonandhisarmy.        

B. EtruscansandotherGreeks.        

C. Dorians.        

D. Romans.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ensconced"probablymean?

A.Settled.

B.Locked.

C.Cured.

D.Controlled.

（4）Whatcametotheauthor'smindduringhisvisittoNapoleon'sgardens?

A.BeautifulviewsonElba.

B.TerriblelivingconditionsonElba.

C.Napoleon'sambitiontoregainpower.

D.HardshipofNapoleon'sreturntoFrance.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了对拿破仑曾经流放地Elba岛的参观之旅，作者介绍了Elba岛的历史背景与拿破仑在岛上的生活事迹。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Istudiedthehistoryoftheisland,whichofcourseparticularlyfeaturesNapoleon.”可知作者为了Elba的此次拜访对它过去的历史做了一些学习和研究，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“LongbeforeEtruscansandotherGreekssetfootonit,DorianshadmovedinbythetenthcenturyB.C.andwereminingtheisland.”可知早在伊特鲁里亚人和其他希腊人踏足该岛之前，多里安人在公元前10世纪就已迁入该岛，并在岛上采矿。

故Dorians可能是最早到Elba的外来者，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Shelivedsafelythereandshowedlittleinterestinvisitingherhusbandinhismini-kingdom.”可知MarieLouise住在Viennese很安全，对去她丈夫的小王国探视毫无兴趣。

live对应上文的ensconce，意思为“定居；安置”，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“IntheformalgardensbehindthehouseitseemedtomethatIcouldimaginetheexiled（流放的）conqueror'sanxiousthoughts.”可知在房子后面的花园里，作者仿佛能想象出那个被流放的征服者的焦虑的思想。

即作者在参观拿破仑的花园时想到了拿破仑对重新掌权的野心。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Byanalyzingthefossilizedteethofsomeofourmostancientancestors,ateamofscientistsledbytheuniversitiesofBristol（UK）andLyon（France）havediscoveredthatthefirsthumanssignificantlybreastfedtheirinfants（婴儿）forlongerperiodsthantheircontemporaryrelatives.

   Theresults,publishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,provideafirstinsightintothepracticeofweaning（断奶）thatremainotherwiseunseeninthefossilrecord.

   Theteamsampledminuteamountsfromnearly40fossilizedteethofourSouthAfricanfossilrelatives,earlyHomo,ParanthropusrobustusandAustralopithecusafricanus.Theymeasuredtheproportionsoftheirstablecalciumisotopes（同位素）inthetoothenamel（牙釉质）,whichareafunctionofthemothermilkintakebyinfants.TheyshowthatearlyHomooffspring（后代）wasbreastfedinsignificantproportionsuntiltheageofaroundthreetofouryears,whichlikelyplayedaroleintheapparitionoftraitsthatarespecifictohumanlineage（血统）,suchasthebraindevelopment.

   Incontrast,infantsofParanthropusrobustus,thatbecameextinctaroundonemillionyearsagoandwereamorerobustspeciesintermsofdentalanatomy,aswellasinfantsofAustralopithecusafricanus,stoppeddrinkingsizeableproportionsofmothermilkinthecourseofthefirstmonthsoflife.

   Thesedifferencesinnursingbehaviorslikelycomewithmajorchangesinthesocialstructuresofgroupsaswellasthetimebetweenthebirthofonechildandthebirthofthenext.

   Oneofthestudy'sleadauthors,DrTheoTacailsaid:

"Thepracticeofweaning--thedurationofbreastfeeding,ageatnon-milkfoodintroductionandtheageatcessationofsuckling--differsamongthemodernmembersofthehominidfamilywhichincludeshumansandmoderngreatapes:

orangutan,gorillas,chimpanzeesandbonobos.

   Thedevelopmentofsuchbehavioraldifferenceslikelyplayedmajorrolesintheevolutionofthemembersofhumanlineage,beingassociatedforinstancewithsizeandstructureofsocialgroups,braindevelopment.

   However,gettinginsightsintothesebehavioralchangesfromfossilsthataremillionsofyearsoldisachallengeand,sofar,littleevidenceallowdiscussingnursingpracticesinthesefossilspecies.

   Thefindingsstresstheneedforfurtherexplorationofcalc