经济学原理对应练习 01.docx

经济学原理对应练习 01.docx

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经济学原理对应练习01

1.ThewordthatcomesfromtheGreekwordfor"onewhomanagesahousehold"is

a.market.

b.consumer.

c.producer.

d.economy.

2.Theword“economy”comesfromtheGreekwordoikonomos,whichmeans

a.“environment.”

b.“production.”

c.“onewhomanagesahousehold.”

d.“onewhomakesdecisions.”

3.Resourcesare

a.scarceforhouseholdsbutplentifulforeconomies.

b.plentifulforhouseholdsbutscarceforeconomies.

c.scarceforhouseholdsandscarceforeconomies.

d.plentifulforhouseholdsandplentifulforeconomies.

4.Economicsdealsprimarilywiththeconceptof

a.scarcity.

b.poverty.

c.change.

d.power.

5.Whichofthefollowingquestionsisnotansweredbythedecisionsthateverysocietymustmake?

a.Whatdeterminesconsumerpreferences?

b.Whatgoodswillbeproduced?

c.Whowillproducethegoods?

d.Whowillconsumethegoods?

6.Theoverridingreasonastowhyhouseholdsandsocietiesfacemanydecisionsisthat

a.resourcesarescarce.

b.goodsandservicesarenotscarce.

c.incomesfluctuatewithbusinesscycles.

d.people,bynature,tendtodisagree.

7.Thephenomenonofscarcitystemsfromthefactthat

a.mosteconomies’productionmethodsarenotverygood.

b.inmosteconomies,wealthypeopleconsumedisproportionatequantitiesofgoodsandservices.

c.governmentsrestrictsproductionoftoomanygoodsandservices.

d.resourcesarelimited.

8.Approximatelywhatpercentageoftheworld'seconomiesexperiencescarcity?

a.25%

b.50%

c.75%

d.100%

9.Whenasocietycannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave,itissaidthattheeconomyisexperiencing

a.scarcity.

b.shortages.

c.inefficiencies.

d.inequities.

10.Forsociety,agoodisnotscarceif

a.atleastoneindividualinsocietycanobtainallheorshewantsofthegood.

b.firmsareproducingthegoodatfullcapacity.

c.allmembersofsocietycanhavealltheywantofthegood.

d.thosewhohaveenoughincomecanbuyalltheywantofthegood.

11.Whichofthefollowingproductswouldbeconsideredscarce?

a.golfclubs

b.Picassopaintings

c.apples

d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.

12.Economicsisthestudyof

a.productionmethods.

b.howsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.

c.howhouseholdsdecidewhoperformswhichtasks.

d.theinteractionofbusinessandgovernment.

14.Inmostsocieties,resourcesareallocatedby

a.asinglecentralplanner.

b.asmallnumberofcentralplanners.

c.thosefirmsthatuseresourcestoprovidegoodsandservices.

d.thecombinedactionsofmillionsofhouseholdsandfirms.

15.Theadage,"Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,"isusedtoillustratetheprinciplethat

a.goodsarescarce.

b.peoplefacetradeoffs.（togetsomethingwelike,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthingwelike）

c.incomemustbeearned.

d.householdsfacemanydecisions.

18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentstheprinciplerepresentedbytheadage,"Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch"?

a.Melissacanattendtheconcertonlyifshetakeshersisterwithher.

b.Gregishungryandhomeless.

c.Brianmustrepairthetireonhisbikebeforehecanrideittoclass.

d.KendramustdecidebetweengoingtoColoradoorCancunforspringbreak.

19.Theprinciplethat"peoplefacetradeoffs"appliesto

a.individuals.

b.families.

c.societies.

d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.

20.Atypicalsocietystrivestogetthemostitcanfromitsscarceresources.Atthesametime,thesocietyattemptstodistributethebenefitsofthoseresourcestothemembersofthesocietyinafairmanner.Inotherwords,thesocietyfacesatradeoffbetween

a.gunsandbutter.

b.efficiencyandequity.

c.inflationandunemployment.

d.workandleisure.

21.Gunsandbutterareusedtorepresenttheclassicsocietaltradeoffbetweenspendingon

a.durableandnondurablegoods.

b.importsandexports.

c.nationaldefenseandconsumergoods.

d.lawenforcementandagriculture.

22.Whensocietyrequiresthatfirmsreducepollution,thereis

a.atradeoffbecauseofreducedincomestothefirms'ownersandworkers.

b.atradeoffonlyifsomefirmsareforcedtoclose.

c.notradeoff,sincethecostofreducingpollutionfallsonlyonthefirmsaffectedbytherequirements.

d.notradeoff,sinceeveryonebenefitsfromreducedpollution.

23.Atradeoffexistsbetweenacleanenvironmentandahigherlevelofincomeinthat

a.studiesshowthatindividualswithhigherlevelsofincomeactuallypollutelessthanlow-incomeindividuals.

b.effortstoreducepollutiontypicallyarenotcompletelysuccessful.

c.lawsthatreducepollutionraisecostsofproductionandreduceincomes.

d.byemployingindividualstocleanuppollution,employmentandincomebothrise.

24.Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestcapturesthenotionofefficiency?

a.absolutefairness

b.equaldistribution

c.minimumwaste

d.equitableoutcome

25.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

a.Efficiencyreferstothesizeoftheeconomicpie;equityreferstohowthepieisdivided.

b.Governmentpoliciesusuallyimproveuponbothequityandefficiency.

c.Aslongastheeconomicpiecontinuallygetslarger,noonewillhavetogohungry.

d.Efficiencyandequitycanbothbeachievediftheeconomicpieiscutintoequalpieces.

26.Efficiencymeansthat

a.societyisconservingresourcesinordertosavethemforthefuture.

b.society'sgoodsandservicesaredistributedequallyamongsociety'smembers.

c.society'sgoodsandservicesaredistributedfairly,thoughnotnecessarilyequally,amongsociety'smembers.

d.societyisgettingthemaximumbenefitsfromitsscarceresources.

27.Economistsusethewordequitytodescribeasituationinwhich

a.eachmemberofsocietyhasthesameincome.

b.eachmemberofsocietyhasaccesstoabundantquantitiesofgoodsandservices,regardlessofhisorherincome.

c.societyisgettingthemaximumbenefitsfromitsscarceresources.

d.thebenefitsofsociety'sresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongsociety'smembers.

28.SenatorSmithwantstoincreasetaxesonpeoplewithhighincomesandusethemoneytohelpthepoor.SenatorJonesarguesthatsuchataxwilldiscouragesuccessfulpeoplefromworkingandwillthereforemakesocietyworseoff.Aneconomistwouldsaythat

a.weshouldagreewithSenatorSmith.

b.weshouldagreewithSenatorJones.

c.agooddecisionrequiresthatwerecognizebothviewpoints.

d.therearenotradeoffsbetweenequityandefficiency.

29.Whichofthefollowingwordsandphrasesbestcapturesthenotionofequity?

a.minimumwaste

b.maximumbenefit

c.sameness

d.fairness

ANS:

DDIF:

1REF:

1-1

TOP:

EquityMSC:

Definitional

30.Whengovernmentpoliciesareenacted,

a.equitycanusuallybeenhancedwithoutanefficiencyloss,butefficiencycanneverbeenhancedwithoutanequityloss.

b.efficiencycanusuallybeenhancedwithoutanequityloss,butequitycanneverbeenhancedwithoutanefficiencyloss.

c.itisalwaysthecasethateitherefficiencyandfairnessarebothenhanced,orefficiencyandequityarebothdiminished.

d.Noneoftheabovearecorrect.

ANS:

DDIF:

2REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:

Applicative

31.Alikelyeffectofgovernmentpoliciesthatredistributeincomeandwealthfromthewealthytothepooristhatthosepolicies

a.enhanceequity.

b.reduceefficiency.

c.reducetherewardforworkinghard.

d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.

ANS:

DDIF:

2REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:

Interpretive

32.Whenthegovernmentimplementsprogramssuchasprogressiveincometaxrates,whichofthefollowingislikelytooccur?

a.Equityisincreasedandefficiencyisincreased.

b.Equityisincreasedandefficiencyisdecreased.

c.Equityisdecreasedandefficiencyisincreased.

d.Equityisdecreasedandefficiencyisdecreased.

ANS:

BDIF:

2REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:

Interpretive

33.Asaresultofasuccessfulattemptbygovernmenttocuttheeconomicpieintomoreequalslices,

a.itiseasiertocutthepie,andthereforetheeconomycanproducealargerpie.

b.thegovernmentcanmoreeasilyallocatethepietothosemostinneed.

c.thepiegetssmaller,andtherewillbelesspieoverall.

d.governmentwillspendtoomuchtimecuttinganditcausestheeconomytolosetheabilitytoproduceenoughpieforeveryone.

ANS:

CDIF:

3REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:

Analytical

34.Whenthegovernmentattemptstoimproveequityinaneconomytheresultisoften

a.anincreaseinoveralloutputintheeconomy.

b.additionalgovernmentrevenuesinceoverallincomewillincrease.

c.areductioninequity.

d.areductioninefficiency.

ANS:

DDIF:

2REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:

Interpretive

35.Whenthegovernmentredistributesincomefromthewealthytothepoor,

a.efficiencyisimproved,butequityisnot.

b.bothwealthypeopleandpoorpeoplebenefitdirectly.

c.peopleworklessandproducefewergoodsandservices.

d.wealthypeopleconsumefewergoods,butpoorpeopleconsumemoregoods,resultinginnorealchange.

ANS:

CDIF:

2REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,EquityMSC:

Interpretive

36.Ineconomics,thecostofsomethingis

a.thedollaramountofobtainingit.

b.alwaysmeasuredinunitsoftimegivenuptogetit.

c.whatyougiveuptogetit.

d.oftenimpossibletoquantify,eveninprinciple.

ANS:

CDIF:

1REF:

1-1

TOP:

OpportunitycostMSC:

Definitional

37.Whatyougiveuptoobtainanitemiscalledyour

a.opportunitycost.

b.explicitcost.

c.truecost.

d.directcost.

ANS:

ADIF:

1REF:

1-1

TOP:

OpportunitycostMSC:

Definitional

38.Theopportunitycostofgoingtocollege