英语词汇学复习提纲.docx

英语词汇学复习提纲.docx

《英语词汇学复习提纲.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语词汇学复习提纲.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语词汇学复习提纲

英语词汇学复习提纲

PartI概念题

1.（glossary）alistofthedifficultwordsusedinapieceofwritingorsubject,withexplanationsoftheirmeanings

2.（phrase）agroupofwordsthatformaunitwithinaclause

3.（expression）unclassifiedlinguisticunitofanylength:

words，phrases，sentences，paragraphs，etc。

4.（diction）thechoiceofwordsusedinaspeechorpieceofwriting

5.（vocabulary）wordsingeneralknown，learnt，used，etc。

oralistofwords，usuallyinalphabeticalorderandwithexplanationsoftheirmeanings

6.（lexicon）allthewordsandphrasesinalanguageoradictionary

7.（lexis）allthewordsinalanguage

8.（word）thesmallestunitofspokenorwrittenlanguagewhichhasmeaningandcanstandalone

9.（Etymology）thestudyoforiginsanddevelopmentofwords

10.（Lexicography）thewritingandmakingofdictionaries

11.（Lexicalsemantics）thestudyofwordsandtheirmeanings

12.（lexicology）thestudyofmeaningsandusesofwords

13.（morphology）thestudyofhowwordsareformedinalanguage

14.（phraseology）thewordsandphrasesusedinaparticularprofessionoractivity,oraparticularwayofputtingwordstogethertoexpresssomething

15.（collocation）agroupofwordswhich"naturally”gotogetherthroughcommonusage

16.Morpheme:

thesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms

17.Root:

arootisthebasicunchangeablepartofaword，anditconveysthemainlexicalmeaningoftheword.

18.Affix:

acollectivetermforthetypeofformativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.Itcanfurtherbedividedinflectionalandderivationaltypes.

19.Prefix:

aderivationaloraninflectionalaffixthatcanbeaddedtothebeginningofamorpheme.

20.Suffix:

aderivationalorinflectionalaffixthatcanbeaddedtotheendofamorpheme。

21.Compounding/composition:

awordformationprocessconsistingofjoiningtwoormorebasestoformanewunit,acompoundword.

22.Derivation/affixation:

aword—formationprocessbywhichnewwordsarecreatedbyaddingaprefix,orsuffixorbothtothebase。

23.Conversion:

aword-formationprocesswherebyawordofacertainword-classisshiftedintoawordofanotherword—classwithouttheadditionofanaffix.

24.Initialismisatypeofshortening,usingthefirstlettersofwordstoformapropername，atechnicaltermoraphrase;itispronounceletterbyletter。

25.Acronymsarewordsformedfromtheinitiallettersofthenameofanorganizationorascientificterm，etc；theyarepronouncedaswordsratherthanassequencesofletters.

26.Blending/hybrid:

aword—formationprocessinwhichanewwordisformedbycombiningthemeaningsandsoundsoftwowords，oneofwhichisnotinitsfullformorbothofwhicharenotintheirfullforms.

27.Back-formation：

atermusedtorefertoaword—formationprocessbywhichashorterwordiscoinedbydeletionofasupposedaffixfromalongerformalreadypresentinthelanguage。

28.Clipping:

aword-formationprocessbywhichawordisshortenedbydeletingoneormoresyllablesfromaword（usuallyanoun）,whichisalsoavailableinitsfullform。

29.Motivation：

referstotheconnectionbetweenwordsymbolanditssense。

MostEnglishwordsarenon-motivated。

Motivationcanariseinthreemajorways:

phoneticmotivation,morphologicalmotivationandsemanticmotivation。

30.Polysemy:

atermusedinsemanticanalysistorefertoalexicalitemwhichhasarangeofdifferentmeanings。

31.Homonyms：

wordsidenticalinsoundorspellingorbothbutdifferentinmeaning.

32.Synonyms:

wordsdifferinginsoundbutidenticalorsimilarinmeaning。

33.Antonyms:

wordsthatareoppositeinmeaning

34.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems，suchthattheformerisincludedinthelatter.

35.Contextinitsnarrowestsenseconsistsofthelexicalitemsthatcomeimmediatelybeforeandafteranywordinanactofcommunication.

36.Euphemism:

anactofusingagreeablelanguagewhenspeakingofanunpleasantorembarrassingfact（suchasdeath,disease,etc）andoftaboosubjects（suchassexandtheexcretiveprocessesofthebody）。

37.Metaphor：

isafigureofspeechcontaininganimpliedcomparisonbasedonassociationofsimilarity，inwhichawordorphraseordinarilyusedforonethingisappliedtoanother，aprocesswhichoftenresultsinsemanticchangeorfigurativeextensionofmeaning。

38.Metonymy：

afigureofspeechbywhichanobjectorideaisdescribedbythenameofsomethingcloselyrelatedtoit.

PartII常用英语词汇学术语

Acronym首字母拼音词

Acronymy首字母拼音法

Affix词缀

Affixation词缀法

Antonym反义词

Antonymy反义关系

Back-formation逆构词，反成法

Blend拼缀词

Blending拼缀法

Collocation搭配,组合

Complementaries互补反义词

Completeantonym完全反义词

Composition复合法

Compounding复合构词法

Compoundword复合词、

Concept概念

Conceptualmeaning概念意义

Connotativemeaning内涵意义

Context语境

Conversion词类转换法

Denotativemeaning外延意义

Degradationofmeaning词义的降格

Derivation派生法

Elevationofmeaning词义的升格

Etymology词源学

Euphemism委婉语

Homonymy同音（形）异义

Hyponymy上下义关系

Idiom成语

Inflectionalaffix屈折词缀

Initialism:

首字母缩略词

Metaphor：

隐喻

Metonymy：

换喻，转喻，借代

Morpheme词素

Morphology词形学,形态学

Motivationofword词的理据

Neologism新词语

Onomatopoeicword拟声词

Phonetics语音学

Polysemy一词多义

Register语域

Root词根

Semanticfield语义场

Semantics语义学

Synonym同义词

Synonymy同义关系

Word-formation/building构词法

PartIIITrueorFalseStatements

1.Itisusualthatsomeaffixeshavefarmorefrequentproductiveusesthanothers.Therearesomesignificantrelationsbetweenaffixes,especiallyantonymy,aswithpre—andpost—，—fulland–less.（T）

2.Thoughmostprefixescanoccurasindependentwords，theycanonoccasionbedetachedtopermitcoordination,asinpre—andpost-hysterectomy。

（F）

3.Compoundingcanoccuronlyinthreemainwordclasses,nounsandtoalesserextent,adjectivesand，toleastextent，verbs.（F）

4.Semantically,compoundscanoftenbeidentifiedashavingamainstressonthefirstelementandasecondarystressonthesecondelement。

（F）

5.Englishcompoundscanbeanalyzedaccordingtodifferentcriteria,suchasorthographiccriteria，semanticcriteria，andphonologicalcriteria.（T）

6.Compoundscanbedividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtowordclasses:

nouncompounds,adjectivecompoundsandverbcompounds.（T）

7.Compoundsindicatetherelationsofthecompoundingelementsbysyntacticparaphrases.（T）

8.Conversionisthederivationalprocesswherebyanitemisadaptedorconvertedtoanewwordclasswithouttheadditionofanaffix。

（T）

9.Conversionsfromverbtonounandfromverbtoadjectivearethemostproductivecategories。

（F）

10.Therearetwotypesofconversion:

fullconversionandpartialconversion。

（T）

11.Themostimportantkindsofalterationinconversionarethevoicingoffinalconsonants,andtheshiftofstress.（T）

12.Wordsformedthroughacronymyarecalledacronymsorinitialisms，dependingonthespellingofthenewwords.（F）

13.Back—formationisthemethodofcreatingnewwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes。

（T）

14.Motivationhasnothingtodowiththeexplanationforthereasonthataparticularformhasaparticularmeaning。

（F）

15.Theconceptualmeaningofawordisoftenunstableandhardtodetermine。

（F）

16.Byetymologicalmotivation,wemeanthatthemeaningofaparticularwordisrelatedtoitsorigin.（T）

17.Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.（F）

18.Insemantics，meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience.（T）

19.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.（T）

20.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitswordsandphrasesputtogether。

（F）

21.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowthespeakersofalanguagechoosetheirwordstoeffectsuccessfulcommunication。

（F）

22.Themeaningofanisolatedwordfromadictionaryisusuallyabstractandcontext—independent。

（T）

23.Indo-EuropeanreferstothefamilylanguagesspokenoriginallyinEurope。

（F）

24.LatinandFrenchbelongtothedifferentlanguagegroups。

（F）

25.EnglishbelongstotheWest-GermaniclanguagegroupofIndo—Europeanlanguagefamily。

（T）

26.ThefirstpeopleinEnglandaboutwhoselanguagewehavedefiniteknowledgearetheCelts.（T）

27.CertainGermanictribes,Angles，Saxons，FrisiansandJuteswerethefoundersoftheEnglishnation。

（T）

28.OldEnglishhasmuchlessloanwordscomparedwithmodernEnglish.（T）

29.TheNormanConquestvirtuallyintroducedFrench—EnglishbilingualismintoEngland.（T）

30.Collocationistherelationshipbetweentwowordsorgroupsofwordsthatoftengotogetherandformacommonexpression.（T）

31.Collocationsarenottransparentinmeaning;thatis，themeaningofthewholecannotbeworkedoutfromthemeaningofeachofthewordsinit。

（F）

32.Lexicalcollocationsnormallyconsistofnouns，adjectives，verbsandprepositions.（F）

33.Afixedlexicalcollocationisacollocationoftwoormoreco-occurringlexemesinanunchangingsyntacticandsemanticrelationship。

（T）

34.ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagebyDr.SamuelJohnsonin1755isasymbolformodernEnglishDictionary。

（F）

35.Webster’stwo-volume1828dictionary，TheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,publishedwhenhewas70yearsold，wasbyfarthelargestandthemostimpressivedictionaryproducedinAmericauptothattime。

（T）

36.Frompronunciation,BritishdictionariesaswellasAmericanonesgenerallyuseInternationalPhoneticAlphabet。

（IPA）.（F）

37.Bilingualdictionariesusuallydonothaveetymologic