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高中英语选修8听力文本unit1
Unit1.Alandofdiversity
Page1:
Reading《California》
CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation.ItalsohasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrantsliveonintheirnewhome.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.
NATIVEAMERCANS
ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesufferedgreatly.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.Inaddition,manydiedfromthediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans.However,somesurvivedtheseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.
THESPANISH
Inthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStates.OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.In1821,thepeopleofMexicogainedtheirindependencefromSpain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico,andafterthewarwonbytheUSA,MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.However,thereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.Thatiswhytodayover40ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.
RUSSIANS
Intheearly1800s,Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaska,begansettlinginCalifornia.Todaythereareabout25,000Russian-AmericanslivinginandaroundSanFrancisco.
GOLDMINERS
In1848,notlongaftertheAmerican-Mexicanwar,goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.ThenadventurersfromEuropeandAsiasoonfollowed.Infact,fewachievedtheirdreamofbecomingrich.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeforthemselvesdespitegreathardship.Theysettledinthenewtownsoronfarms.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.
LATERARRIVALS
AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.Today,Chinese-AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentagehavechosentostayinthe"Chinatowns"ofLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.OtherimmigrantssuchasItalians,mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,arrivedinCaliforniainthelate19thcentury.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheirDanishculture.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.TheindustryboomattractedEuropeansincludingmanyJewishpeople.TodayCaliforniahasthesecondlargestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates.JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,andsincethe1980salotmorehavesettledthere.PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexico.However,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircraftindustries.
MOSTRECENTARRIVALS
Inmorerecentdecades,CaliforniahasbecomehometomorepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreans,Cambodians,VietnameseandLaotians.Sinceitsbeginninginthe1970s,thecomputerindustryhasattractedIndiansandPakistanistoCalifornia.
THEFUTURE
Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthelifestyle,stillimmigratetoCaliforniaItisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.
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Listeningandspeaking
AHOLIDAYINCALIFORNIA
George（G）isonholidayintheUnitedStates.HeistouringaroundCalifornia.ListentohimphoninghometotalktohisfriendChristie（C）.Listenagainandfillintheblanks.
C:
Hello.
G:
Hi,Christie.It’sme,George.
C:
Gosh,George!
Whereareyou?
G:
InJoshuaTreeNationalPark.
C:
Wow,where’sthat?
G:
It’sinsoutheastCalifornia.
C:
Luckyyou!
Whatareyoudoingdownthere?
G:
Well,IstartedinnorthernCaliforniaandI’vebeentravellingsouth.
C:
Cool.Sohow’sthetripbeen?
G:
Jollygood.There’ssomuchtoseeandit’snothinglikewhatIimagined.
C:
Really?
G:
Yeah.Iexpectedeveryonetolivenearthebeachinbighouses,andIthoughteveryoneherewouldberich.
C:
（laughing）JustasIthought.You’vewatchedtoomanyAmericanmovies!
G:
Iknow,andtheycangiveyouthewrongidea!
C:
So,tellme,what’sitreallylike?
G:
Well,somepeoplelivenearthecoast;butfurthereast,inthecentralpart,isahugevalleywheretheygrowallsortsofthingslikecotton,vegetables,nuts
andfruit,ohlotsofthings.Andlotsofcattle.
C:
Mmm,soundsinteresting.Whatothersceneryisthere?
G:
Well,ifyougofurthersoutheast,youcometomountainsanddesert.Thatlandisreallyspectacular.
C:
Soundsfantastic!
Soyou’reinthedesertatthemoment?
G:
Yes,that’sright.It’sveryhotandverydifferentfromtherestofCalifornia.
C:
IwishIcouldseeitformyself.Whatarethepeoplelike?
G:
Well,Ididn’trealizethereweresomanydifferentracesandcultureshere.
C:
Suchas?
G:
Well,therearewhiteandblackAmericansofcourse,andlotsofAsians.AndaboutaquarterofallCaliforniansareHispanic.
C:
Hispanic?
G:
PeoplewhoseancestorscamefromSpanishspeakingcountriesinSouthAmerica.
C:
OhIsee.
G:
Sothere’sahugedifferenceincultureandthewaypeoplelook.Lotsofdifferentart,differenttypesoffestival,music,foodandanythingelseyoucanthinkof.
C:
Soundsgreat.Andwhatabout„?
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Readingandwriting《GEORGE’SDIARY》
12TH—14THJUNE
Monday12th,June
Arrivedearlythismorningbybus.Wentstraighttohoteltodropmyluggage,showerandshave.Thenwentexploring.Firstthingwasarideonacablecar.FromtopofthehillgotaspectacularviewofSanFranciscoBayandthecity.Builtin1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedbyAndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthanhorse-drawntrams.Apparentlyhe'dbeenshockedwhenhesawaterribleaccidentinwhichatram'sbrakesfailed,theconductorcouldnotcontrolthesituationandthetramslippeddownthehilldraggingthehorseswithit.HadalatelunchatFisherman'sWharf.ThisisthedistrictwhereItalianfishermenfirstcametoSanFranciscointhelate19thcenturyandbeganthefishingindustry.Nowit'satouristareawithlotsofshops,seafoodrestaurantsandbakeries.It'salsotheplacetocatchtheferrytoAngelIslandandotherplacesintheBay.DidsomuchexploringatFisherman'sWharf.Amexhaustedanddon'tfeellikedoinganythingelse.Earlybedtonight!
Tuesday13th,June
Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel（PeterandTerri）andhiredacar.Spentalldaydrivingaroundthecity.There'safascinatingdrivemarkedoutfortourists.Ithasblueandwhitesignswithseagullsonthemtoshowthewaytogo.It'sa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamoustouristspots.Stoppedmanytimestoadmiretheviewofthecityfromdifferentanglesandtakephotographs.Nowhaveareallygoodideaofwhatthecity'slike.Inevening,wenttoChinatownwithPeterandTerri.Chineseimmigrantssettledinthisareainthe1850s.ThefrontsofthebuildingsaredecoratedtolooklikeoldbuildingsinsouthernChina.Sawsomeinterestingtempleshere,anumberofmarketsandagreatmanyrestaurants.Alsoartgalleriesandamuseumcontainingdocuments,photographsandallsortsofobjectsaboutthehistoryofChineseimmigration,butitisclosedintheevening.Willgobackduringtheday.Hadadeliciousmealandthenwalkeddownthehilltoourhotel.Wednesday14th,June
Inmorning,tookferrytoAngelIslandfromtheportinSanFranciscoBay.OnthewayhadagoodviewoftheGoldenGateBridge.From1882to1940AngelIslandwasafamousimmigrationstationwheremanyChinesepeopleappliedforrighttoliveinUSA.Thecellsinthestationwereverysmall,coldanddamp;somedidnotevenhavelightbuttheimmigrantshadnowhereelsetogo.Theirmiserablestayseemedtobepunishmentratherthanjusticeandfreedomtothem.TheywrotepoemsonthewallsabouttheirlonelinessandmournedtheirformerlifeinChina.In1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChinesepeoplewereabletograsptheopportunityofsettlingintheUSA.Mademeverythoughtfulandthankfulformylifetoday.
【Workbook】
Page46:
Listening
TOM:
ThisisTomPrice,andyouarelisteningtoTraveller’sTales,aweeklyprogrammeabouttravel.Todayontheshow,wehaveMandyLong,whohasjustreturnedfromNewOrleans.Welcome,Mandy.
MANDY:
Thankyouforhavingme.
TOM:
Nowfirst,tellusexactlywhereNewOrleansis.
MANDY:
It’sinthefarsouthoftheUnitedStates,ontheMississippiR
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