学年高中英语Unit4EarthquakesSectionⅠWarmingUp 1.docx

学年高中英语Unit4EarthquakesSectionⅠWarmingUp 1.docx

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学年高中英语Unit4EarthquakesSectionⅠWarmingUp1

Unit4Earthquakes

1976年7月28日，唐山市发生了强度里氏7.8级的地震，这是20世纪死伤率最大的地震之一。

1976TangshanEarthquake

At3：

42am,anearthquakemeasuringbetween7.8and8.2magnitudeontheRichterscaleflattenedTangshan,aChineseindustrialcitywithapopulationofaboutonemillion.Asalmosteveryonewasasleepintheirbeds,insteadofoutsideintherelativelysafestreets,thequakewasespeciallycostlyintermsofhumanlife.It’sestimatedthatabout242，000peopleinTangshanandsurroundingareaswerekilled,makingtheearthquakeoneofthedeadliestinrecordedhistory.

Inthedaysbeforetheearthquake,wellwaterlevelsroseandfell.Ratswereseenrunninginpanicked（恐慌的）packsinbroaddaylight.Chickensrefusedtoeat.DuringtheeveningofJuly27andtheearlymorninghoursofJuly28,peoplereportedflashesofcoloredlightandroaring（轰鸣的）fireballs.

At3：

42am,mostpeopleweresleepingquietlywhentheearthquakestruck.Itlastedfor14－16secondsandleveled90percentofTangshan’sbuildings.Atleasta

quarterofamillionpeoplewerekilledand160，000wereinjured.Theearthquakecameduringtheheatofmidsummer,andmanyfrightenedsurvivorsclimbedoutoftheirruinedhousesnaked,coveredonlyindustandblood.TheearthquakestartedfiresandlitexplosiveandpoisonousgasesinTangshan’sfactories.Waterandelectricitywerecutoffandrailsandroadsaccessibletothecityweredestroyed.

TheChinesegovernmentwasillpreparedforadisasterofthisscaleatthattime.Thedayfollowingthequake,helicoptersandplanesbegandroppingfoodandmedicineintothecity.About100，000soldiersoftheChinesePeople’sLiberationArmywereorderedtoTangshan,andmanyhadtomarchonfootfromJinzhou,adistanceofmorethan180miles.About30，000medicalpersonnelwerecalledin,alongwith30，000constructionworkers.Inthedecisivefirstweekafterthedisaster,manypeoplediedfromlackofmedicalcare.

Tangshanwaseventuallyrebuiltwithsufficientearthquakeprecautions.

SectionⅠ　WarmingUp&Reading—Comprehending

重点单词

写作词汇

1.earthquaken．地震

2.burstvi.爆裂；爆发

n.突然破裂；爆发

3.millionn.百万

4.eventn.事件；大事

5.ruinn.废墟；毁灭

vt.毁灭；使破产

6.destroyvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭

7.rescuen．&vt.援救；营救

8.trapvt.使陷入困境

n.陷阱；困境

9.disastern.灾难；灾祸

10.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏

11.sheltern.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处

12.electricityn.电；电流；电学

拓展词汇

13.nationn．民族；国家；国民→nationaladj.国家的；全国性的

14.sufferingn．苦难；痛苦→sufferv．遭受

15.extremeadj.极度的→extremelyadv.极端地；很；非常地

16.injurevt.损害；伤害→injuryn．伤害

17.uselessadj.无用的；无效的；无益的→usefuladj.有用的→usen．用途v．使用

18.shockvt.&vi.（使）震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊→shockedadj.震惊的；震撼的→shockingadj.令人震惊的

19.dirtn．污垢；泥土→dirtyadj.脏的，肮脏的

20.minen．矿；矿山；矿井→minern．矿工

阅读词汇

21.welln．井

22.crackn.裂缝；噼啪声

vt.&vi.（使）开裂；破裂

23.smellyadj.发臭的，有臭味的

24.farmyardn.农场；农家

25.pipen.管；导管

26.canaln．运河；水道

27.steamn.蒸汽；水汽

28.brickn.砖；砖块

29.damn.水坝；堰堤

30.trackn.轨道；足迹；痕迹

重点短语

1.rightaway立刻；马上

2.asif仿佛；好像

3.atanend结束；终结

4.inruins严重受损；破败不堪

5.digout掘出；发现

6.a（great）numberof许多；大量的

重点句型

1.too＋adj.＋to...由于太……而不……

Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat（由于太紧张而不吃东西）.

2.Itseems/seemedasif...看起来似乎……

Itseemedasif（看起来似乎）theworldwasatanend！

3.everywhere引导让步状语从句

Everywheretheylooked（无论他们朝哪里看）nearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.

4.not与all连用表示部分否定

Allhopewasnotlost（不是所有的希望都破灭了）.

Fastreading

Skimthetextandchoosethebestanswer.

1．What’sthemainideaofthetext?

A．AterribleearthquakeofTangshan.

B．BeforetheearthquakeofTangshan.

C．DuringtheearthquakeofTangshan.

D．DamagesoftheearthquakeofTangshan.

答案：

A

2．Findoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.

Para.1A．TheearthquakecausedunbelievabledestructiontoTangshan.

Para.2B．TheearthquakehappenedandcauseddeathsorinjuriesinTangshan.

Para.3

C．Helpcamesoonafterthequakes.

Para.4D．Noonepaidattentionthoughstrangethingshappened.

答案：

DBAC

Carefulreading

Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.

1．Thefirstparagraphimpliesthat________．

A．peopledidn’tthinktoomuchoftheearthquake

B．peopleweremadetolosetheirsensebythesuddenbigearthquake

C．peopledidn’trealizethataterribleearthquakehappenedinsuchashorttime

D．peopledidn’tthinkanearthquakecouldbringsuchgreatdamage

2．Thetitle“ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP”means________．

A．theearthwasawakeallnightlong

B．aterribleearthquakehappenedthatnight

C．peopleontheearthcouldn’tfallasleepthatnight

D．animalsontheearthcouldn’tfallasleepthatnight

3．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethefeelingsofthewriter?

A．Pitifulandhopeless.

B．Sorrowfulandhopeful.

C．Hopefulandshocked.

D．Mercifulanddelighted.

答案：

1－3.CBB

Studyreading

Analyzethefollowingsentencesinthetextthatmaybedifficulttounderstand.

1．Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.

[翻译]　老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。

2．Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.

[翻译]　但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。

3．Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.

[翻译]　人们开始疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。

4．Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.

[翻译]　部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。

①well[wel]n.井

②rise[raɪz]vi.上升；增加（不及物动词，不用于被动语态）

③crack[kræk]n.裂缝；噼啪声

vt.&vi.（使）开裂；破裂

④smelly['smelɪ]adj.发臭的；有臭味的

⑤farmyard['fɑːmjɑːd]n.农场；农家

⑥pipe[paɪp]n.管；导管

⑦burst[bɜːst]vi.（burst,burst）爆裂；爆发　n．突然破裂；爆发

⑧million['mɪljən]n.百万

⑨thinklittleof认为……没什么了不起，对……满不在乎

⑩event[ɪ'vent]n.事件；大事

⑪asif仿佛；好像

⑫atanend结束；终结

⑬directlyadv.正好，恰好

⑭nation['neɪʃn]n.民族；国家；国民

⑮cutacross横穿；抄近路穿越

⑯canal[kə'næl]n.运河；水道

⑰steam[stiːm]n.蒸汽；水汽

⑱dirt[dɜːt]n.污垢；泥土

⑲ruin['ruːɪn]n.废墟；毁灭

vt.毁灭；使破产

inruins严重受损；破败不堪

⑳suffering['sʌfərɪŋ]n.苦难；痛苦

extreme[ɪk'striːm]adj.极度的

twothirds三分之二

当分数的分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。

injure['ɪndʒə]vt.损害；伤害

thenumberof...……的数量

anumberof很多，许多，大量

survivor[sə'vaɪvə]n.幸存者；生还者；残存物

destroy[dɪ'strɔɪ]vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭

destruction[dI'strʌkʃən]n.破坏；毁灭

goneadj.不复存在；用完了；走了

brick[brɪk]n.砖；砖块

cover['kʌvə（r）]vt.覆盖；报道；行走（一段路程）

dam[dæm]n.水坝；堰堤

track[træk]n.轨道；足迹；痕迹

useless['juːslɪs]adj.无用的；无效的；无益的

tensofthousandsof数以万计的

shockedadj.惊愕的，受震惊的

shock[ʃɒk]vt.&vi.（使）震惊；震动　n．休克；打击；震惊

quake[kweɪk]n.地震

rescue['reskjuː]n.&vi.援救；营救

trap[træp]vt.使陷入困境

n．陷阱；困境

betrappedin被困在……中

electricity[ɪˌlek'trɪsətɪ]n.电；电流；电学

wonder['wʌndə（r）]v.琢磨；想知道　

n．奇观；惊奇

disaster[dɪ'zɑːstə]n.灾难；灾祸

digout掘出；发现

bury['berɪ]vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏

tothenorthof...相当于northof...，意为“位于……以北”。

miner['maɪnə]n.矿工

berescuedfrom...被从……中解救出

mine[maɪn]n.矿；矿山；矿井

shelter['ʃeltə]n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处

【核心素养链接·文化采风】

地震是造成人员死亡最多的自然灾害。

全球每年发生约500万次地震，有感地震占1%。

在有感地震中，仅100次左右造成灾害，而且全球85%的地震发生在海洋中，15%发生在大陆上。

全球地震主要分布在环太平洋地震带和欧亚地震带，集中了80%的7级以上地震。

中国、日本、伊朗、土耳其、美国、印尼等国都是地震灾害严重的国家。

ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEP

StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewells①rose②andfell，roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracks③inthem.Asmelly④gascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards⑤，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3：

00amonJuly28，1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity,thewaterpipes⑥insomebuildingscrackedandburst⑦.Buttheonemillion⑧peopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleof⑨theseevents⑩，wereasleepasusualthatnight.

◆现在分词短语lookingforplacestohide作伴随状语。

◆when引导时间状语从句，even用在when前起加强语气的作用。

◆who在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theonemillionpeopleofthecity。

At3：

42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasif⑪theworldwasatanend⑫！

Elevenkilometresdirectly⑬belowthecityoneofthegreatestearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.Onethirdofthenation⑭feltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacross⑮houses,roadsandcanals⑯.Steam⑰burstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt⑱.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins⑲.Thesuffering⑳ofthepeoplewasextreme.Twothirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400，000.

◆which在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing。

◆that在此引导定语从句，先行词为Ahugecrack,that在从句中作主语，不可省略。

Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?

Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity’shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind，however，couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then，laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.

◆Everywhere在此用作连词，引导地点状语从句，相当Wherever。

◆Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget为“主语＋系动词＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，其中Water,food,andelectricity是get的逻辑宾语，动词不定式toget用主动形式表达被动含义。

Allhopewasnotlost.