英语 高中英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx
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英语高中英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析
(英语)高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读理解
Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.
Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.
Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.
NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”
Theprogram,inplacesinceAugust2018,hasbeenagreatsuccessthusfar.Ravishankarsays,"WhatwasfascinatingtomewasthereactionofthechildrentoWill.Thewaytheylookattheworldissocreativeanddifferent,andWillreallycapturedtheirattention."However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.
(1)WhatwasspecialforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland?
A. Adigitalteachertaughtthem. B. Theyfirstsawsomethingdigital.
C. Thiswasthestartofanewschoolyear.
D. Theycouldgetclosetosmartphonescreen.
(2)Whatisthebenefitofthistwo-wayinteraction?
A. Itcansmileback.
B. Itcanusemicrophone.
C. Itcantalkanytopicforfree.
D. Itcanchangeifnecessary.
(3)What'sRavishankar'sattitudetoWill'sreplacingHumaneducatorssoon?
A. Optimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Disapproving.
(4)Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. NewHigh-techContributestoEducation
B. TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom.
C. TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacher,aHelptoStudents
D. NewZealandWillReplaceTeachersinClassrooms
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂,为孩子们讲授能源可持续发展。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知,他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师“教”的孩子。
由此可知,特殊之处在于机器人老师教他们。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.”即“这种双向互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力,还允许程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度,并在需要时做出更改”,由此可得出,其优势在于需要时,可以做出变化。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.”可知,Ravishankar认为它不会在短期内代替人类教育工作者。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知,从新学年开始,新西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。
之后文章就此展开,由此可推断出heWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom最符合本文的标题。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.
Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.
Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.
LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSzakytoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)that"removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough."Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.
Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.
JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat"GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability."ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.
LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.
(1)WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?
A. Providebackgroundinformation.
B. Advocatezero-wastelifestyle.
C. Explainthereasonfortrash. D. Introduceanewtopic.
(2)Wheredoestheidea"Loop"comefrom?
A. TheWorldEconomicForum.
B. Demandofsomecompanies.
C. Zero-wastemodel.
D. Themilkmanmodel.
(3)WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2020?
A. UnitedStatesandSwitzerland. B. SwitzerlandandBritain.
C. CanadaandBritain.
D. FranceandCanada.
(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A. Anewshoppingmodel.
B. Thedevelopmentoffuturecity.
C. Theworld'senvironmentalissue.
D. Theconcernsoffutureshopping.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的"零浪费"购物模式。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段“Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.”可知,世界上的城市每年产生大量的垃圾,并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料,结合下文可知,作者写本段目的是为下文提出新的购物模式提供背景信息。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.”和第五段“Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.”可知,Loop购物模式的想法来自于过去"送奶工模式",是一种可以杜绝零浪费的模式。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段“LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.”可知,Loop计划在2020年前将业务扩大到加拿大和法国。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第三段中的“Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.”及全文内容可知,文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的"零浪费"购物模式。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.
Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition(转型).
Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.
Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms(indevelopedmarkets)andtelecomscompanies(inemergingones)aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.
Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.
Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks