ielts雅思考试小作文复习资料.docx
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ielts雅思考试小作文复习资料
一、明确写作要求:
Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
a:
总结信息;b:
选择和汇报主要的特点;c:
如果合适的话,进行比较。
总结信息出现在两个地方:
一是在文中,用文字概括一个特征,再用数据支持;二是出现在文末,总结数据。
二、段落结构
开头段
主体段(1+X句)(有几张图表就写几段中间段)
结尾段
开头段:
转述原题(包括时间,地点,对象和数据形式)
注:
时态永远是一般现在时
改变关键词的词性/改变关键词的位置/同义词替代/灵活加入图表中的其它文字信息
主体段:
主体部分1+X句
第一句总结总体趋势
之后分步描述(起点,极值(大,小),终点)
结尾段:
趋势句;总结最有特征的点
三、步骤:
动态图
静态图
步骤1确定图的类别:
只有一个时间或没有时间的数据就是静态图,而多于一个时间的数据就是动态图
步骤2
确定描述的对象
确定描述的对象:
静态图一般不要以国家、性别、年龄群体等作为描述对象,也就是不要国家自己和自己相比
步骤3
确定每个对象的趋势:
1上升(upward)2下降(downward)3平稳(leveloff)4先升后降或者先降后升
类似的数据可以归类
步骤4
从最高值开始描述
四、
开头段的写法:
1、出现提供信息的字眼:
Thechart(orgraph)belowprovides(orpresents)information(ordata)about……
2、出现“show/illustrate+名词”:
Thechartshowsthechangein……
3、出现“compare+名词”:
Thechartcompares……
4、出现以“how”引导的宾语从句:
Thechart(orgraph)shows(orillustrates)how…changed(orvaried)…
5、出现以“that”引导的宾语从句,可能将总体趋势粗略地描述下:
Thechart(orgraph)shows(orreveals/indicates/suggests)that……
动态图
静态图
级别1的数字
(必须要读)
最高值(以时间段最终的数据决定)
最高值
级别2的数字
(必须要读)
时间段最终的数据,因为这决定了最后的排名和每个对象的趋势
第二高值
级别3的数字
(有选择地读)
时间段最早的数字,因为这可以确定每个对象的趋势
最低值
级别4的数字
(有选择地读)
反转的数据(如从升到跌的数据),趋势变化的数据(如升势加速的数据)和排位变化的数据(如被其他对比物体超越的数据)
其他的值
例:
1990
1995
2000
2005
China
5%
10%
10%
22%
France
12%
20%
30%
30%
Australia
25%
25%
20%
18%
US
18%
16%
19%
17%
步骤1:
确定是动态图,因为有4个时间。
步骤2:
确定有4个国家,4个对象
步骤3:
确定中国、法国上升趋势,澳大利亚下降,美国基本保持不变。
步骤4:
从最高值法国开始说起。
数据的选择:
总共有16个数据,说明要有取舍。
级别1的数字:
法国在2005年的数据
级别2的数字:
2005年的4个数据。
级别3的数字:
1990年的4个数据。
级别4的数字:
中国1995年和2000年的数据,因为保持一致;美国1995年的数据,因为是最低值;法国2000年的数据,因为和2005年的数据一致。
中间段:
第一句表达:
a)Theoveralltrend/generaltrendindicatethat…
b)Thereisanoverall+某种趋势的名词
X句:
分段描写
引出句:
Tobemoreexact/precise/specific/=moreexactly/precisely/specifically
单词储备:
动词:
上升:
riseto/increaseto/goupto/climbto
名词:
arisein/anincreasein/agrowthin/anupwardtrendin/aboomin
急剧上升:
jump/surge(激增)/shootup/soar(高涨)
下降
动词:
fallto/decreaseto/dipto/dropto/godownto/slumpedto
名词:
afallin/adeclinein/adecreasein/aslumpin/areductionin
急剧下降:
plummet(垂直落下)/plunge(陷入)
速度快
Sharp/dramatic/drastic/rapid/steep
缓慢
Gradual/steady/gentle/slow
波动
Fluctuatearound/afluctuationin
稳定在
Leveloffat/leveloutat/stabilizeat/remainconstant/remainsteadyat
最高点
Peakat/reachthehighestpointof
最低点
Reachthebottomof/thelowestpointof/bottomoutat
达到
Reach/arriveat/amountto/hit/standat/register
占多少
Accountfor/represent/constitute/makeup/
预测
Itissuggested/predicted/expected/projected
大约
Approximately/roughly,justover/under/around
分别
Respectively/separately
常用时间过渡词
Then/fromthistimeonwards/fromthenon
After/before(priorto)
其他关联词
while/whereas
However/bycontrast/conversely/onthecontrary
Similarly/likewise
关于
asfor/intermsof/concerning/regarding
曲线图
Direction:
Youshouldspendnomorethan20minutesonthistask.
ThegraphcontainsinformationaboutthepriceinUSdollarsofabarrelofoilfrom1995withpredictionsto2015.
Summarizethemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
曲线图表达句式:
重要句型
1.Therebe句型:
“变化<名词>”作表语——thereisanincrease/decreaseinthenumberof;
Thereareincreasinglymore…
2.纵坐标作主语:
+“变化<动词>”——thenumber/percentagegoup/godown;
3.横坐标作主语:
+“见证”+“变化<名词>”——theyearsfrom....to....sawarisein......(see/witness/experience)
4.地点作主语:
+“见证”+“变化<名词>”——USsawarisein...from....to....;
5.描述对象作主语:
Thepriceofoilwereinpositionfrom....to....
6.“趋势”作主语:
Averynoticeabletrendwasthesteadyincreaseintheoilprice/Thetrendshowedthesteadyincreaseinoilprice.
开头段
1.ThegraphprovidesinformationaboutthechangesofcrudeoilpriceperbarrelinUSdollarssince1995andpredictsthetendencyoftheoilpricetill2015.
2.ThechartpresentsthechangeincrudeoilpriceperbarrelinUSdollarssince1995andpredictsthetendencyoftheoilpricetill2015.
开头段常用词汇:
Thegraph/thechart/thelinegraphshows/indicates/unfolds/displays/reveals/reflects/relates/illustrates/demonstrates/describes/depicts/portray/outlines/provideanoverviewof……
中间段
总体趋势
Overall,oilpricesincreasedbynearlyfourhundredpercentfrom1995to2010,withthemostdramaticincreaseinthethreeyearsfrom2006to2010andthisriseispredictedtocontinueintothefuture.
分步描述(X)
PricesstartedattwentyUSdollarsabarrelduring1995,andthenroseslightlytoapproximatelytwenty-fourdollarsin1998.(起点)
Thecostofabarrelthendroppedfortwoyears,tothelowestpointofabouteighteendollarsduring2000.Afterthat,therewasasteadypricerise,reachingaboutfiftydollarsabarrelin2006.(极值)
Thiswasfollowedbyadramaticclimbtoonehundreddollarsin2009,andafterthat,thedatacontinuetorisebutslightly,finallyreachingthehighestpointof130by2015.(终点)
结尾段:
趋势句;总结最有特征的点
Insummary,itispredictedthatoilpricestendstoincrease.Besides,thepricein2015isprojectedtobemorethansixtimesthatin1995.
高分语言示范:
Numberoffull-timeteachersofregularschools(inmillions)inChina(1960-1990)
1.Therebe+定语从句
Therewasarisefrom…,whichwasfollowedbyanincrease/decrease…//whichledto//whichpreceded..
Accordingtothefigure,therewasasharpdecreaseinthenumberofteachersfromfivemillionin1960tothreemillionin1962,whichwasfollowedbyarapidincreaseoverthenexttwoyears.
2.Before+V-ing.
From1960to1962,thenumberoffull-timeteacherswentdownfrom5milliontothebottomof3millionbeforerisingto5millioninthefollowingtwoyears.
3.并列结构and+状语从句when
Thenumberdroppedagainfromalmostsixmillionin1964tofivemillionin1966andthenwentupgraduallyuntil1976whentherewasaleveling-offateightmillionforthenexttenyears.
4.定语从句+非谓语动词
Fromthattimeonwards,therewasaslowdecreaseto5millionin1966,whichwasfollowedbyarapidincreaseof3million,levelingoff/outat8millionin1976andremainingconstantatthatlevelinthenext10years.
5.年代作主语+非谓语动词
1986to1990witnessedarisingnumberofteachers,peakingat/reachingthehighestpointof10in1990.
6.同位语
From1986to1990,thefigure/dataclimbedsteadilyto10,thepeakofalltime.
双线图和多线图
得分技巧
分开描述,最后比较
Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.
Timeofdayandnight
PercentageofUKpopulationover4yearsold
第一段
Thegraphshowsthepercentageofradioandtelevisionaudiencesover4yearsoldintheUKthroughoutonedayof1992.
中间段
Generally/onthewhole,bothgraphsincreasedbeforeadecreaseafterwardsbothlinegraphsfluctuatedduringaday.(整体趋势)
Radio
Thedataindicatesthatradiolistenersincreased(grow,goup)substantially(dramatically,sharply)from10percentin6amto25%in8am,apeakofalltime.Thepercentagethendeclined(decrease,drop)steadilyto11%at4pmand2%until4am,abottomofalltime.Thehourfrom4amto6amexperiencedagentlerise.
TV
Asfor/concerningTVviewers/thegraphofTelevisionviewers,from6amto8:
30amthepercentagewentupfromnomorethan2%to8%,levelingoffatthatlineinthefollowingtwohours,whichwasfollowedbyaslightdecreaseuntil12am.Fromthenon,thefigurewentupgraduallyto15%.Despitealittledropafterwards,thepercentageofTVviewerswentonanupwardtrendfrom2pmtothepeakofnolessthan45%at8pm.Afterthat,thelinegraphdroppedrapidly,reachingabottomof2%at4pmandexperiencedlittlechangeinthenexttwohours.
结尾段
Fromthechart,itisfoundthatbefore2pm,thenumberofradioviewersoutperformed/outweighed/prevailedoverthatofTVviewerswhiletheoppositewastrueafter2pm.
Besides/inaddition,theprimetimeforradioandtelevisionwas8amand8pmrespectively.
饼图
特点:
图形本身信息量少,多以多个饼图和混合图表的形式出现
解题思路:
分类描述百分比,说明极值,描述对比结果
Energyconsumptionbytype(2005)
常用语言:
1.动词
占据:
takesup/makesup
accountsfor
consistofforms/constitutes/comprisesX%oftotal
2.框架:
Thebiggestcomponentis_A___,whichaccountsfor____whileBranksthesecond/isthesecondlargest,takingup____/__lowerthanAandfollowedbyC.
Incontrast/onthecontrary,D,EandFmakeupasmallpercentage,whichare__andrespectively.
例子:
Thebiggestcomponentisoil,whichaccountsfor37percent,whilecoalranksthesecond/isthesecondlargest,takingup28percent/9percentlowerthanoilandfollowedcloselybynaturalgas.
框架:
Toponthelistis____,whichaccountsfor_____,followedby____and_____,constituting____and____respectively.
__and__contributetotheremainingpart.
例子:
Toponthelistisoil,whichaccountsfor37%,followedbycoalandnaturalgas,constituting28%and26%respectively.
Nuclearandhydro-electriccontributetotheremainingpart.
框架:
Firstonthelistis__,takingup__,whichprecedes__and__,whichrepresent__and__separately.
Ontheotherhand,__,__and__arefarlesspopular/enjoyrelativelylowpopularity,bothaccountingfor6%.
例子
Firstonthelistiscoal,takingup37%,whichprecedesoilandnaturalgas,whichrepresent28%and23%separately.
Ontheotherhand,Nuclearandhydro-electricarefarlesspopular/enjoyrelativelylowpopularity,accountingfor__,__and__separately.
3.数据读法:
办公室里225个年轻人,其中有25个能上网。
①数字:
25outofthe225youngpeoplegetonlineintheiroffices.
②分数:
Atenthoftheyoungpeoplegetonlineintheiroffices.
③概括:
All,almostall,thevastmajorityof,many,most,alot,quitealot,some,quiteafew
分析:
因为没有时间,所以要用一般现在时,从最高值说起,然后第二、第三高值,最后最小的值。
Thepiechartshowsthattherearefourmainc