英语阅读.docx

英语阅读.docx

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英语阅读

1）.（5分）

Alaptopcomputer,usuallycalledanotebookcomputerbymanufacturers,isabattery-orAC-poweredpersonalcomputergenerallysmallerthanabriefcasethatcaneasilybetransportedandconvenientlyusedintemporaryspacessuchasonairplanes,inlibraries,temporaryoffices,andatmeetings.Alaptoptypicallyweighslessthan5poundsandis3inchesorlessinthickness.Amongthebest-knownmakersoflaptopcomputersareIBM,Apple,HP,Compaq,Dell,andToshiba.

 Laptopcomputersgenerallycostmorethandesktopcomputerswiththesamecapabilitiesbecausetheyaremoredifficulttodesignandmanufacture.Alaptopcaneffectivelybeturnedintoadesktopcomputerwithadockingstation（音箱）,ahardwareframethatsuppliesconnectionsforperipheralinput/outputdevicessuchasaprinterorlargermonitor.Thelesscapableportreplicator（端口转接器）allowsyoutoconnectalaptoptoanumberofperipheralsthroughasingleplug.

 Laptopsusuallycomewithdisplaysthatusethin-screen（薄金属屏幕）technology.ThethinfilmtransistororactivematrixscreenisbrighterandviewsbetteratdifferentanglesthantheSTN（SuperTwistedNematic（超级交错液晶显示）ordual-scan（双扫描交错液晶显示）screen.Laptopsuseseveraldifferentapproachesforintegratingamouseintothekeyboard,includingthetouchpad（触控板）,thetrackball,andthepointingstick（触控点）.Aserialportalsoallowsaregularmousetobeattached.ThePCCardisinsertablehardwareforaddingamodemornetworkinterfacecardtoalaptop.CD-ROManddigitalversatilediscdrivesmaybebuilt-inorattachable.

 Inaway,theskyrocketingpopularityoflaptopcomputersisironic.They'recompletelyportable,andtheyuselesspowerandmakelessnoisethandesktopmodels.But,they'reoftenalittleslowerandhavelessgraphicsandsoundprocessingpower,althoughthesedifferencescanbetoosmallformostuserstonotice.

 Laptopsarealsomoreexpensivethandesktops.Thepricegapisclosing,though--laptoppricesarefallingfasterthandesktopprices,andlaptopPCsactuallyoutsolddesktopmodelsforthefirsttimeinMayof2005.

 Howcanalltheequipmentfoundinadesktoptowerfitintosuchasmallpackage?

Andhowcanlaptopsbeefficientenoughtorunonbatterypoweralone?

Overall,laptopanddesktopcomputersareverysimilar.Theyhavethesamebasichardware,softwareandoperatingsystems.Theprimarydifferenceishowtheircomponentsfittogether.

 Adesktopcomputerincludesamotherboard,videocard,harddriveandothercomponentsinalargecase.Themonitor,keyboard,andotherperipheralsconnectwirelesslyorwithcables.Whetherthecasesitsverticallyorhorizontally,ithaslotsofspaceforadd-incards,cablesandaircirculation.

 Laptop,however,ismuchsmallerandlighterthaneventhemostcompact（轻便的）PCtower.Itsscreenisanintegratedpartoftheunit,asisitskeyboard.Insteadofaspaciouscasewithlotsofroomforaircirculation,alaptopusesasmall,flatdesigninwhichallthepiecesfittogethersnugly.

 Becauseofthisfundamentaldesigndifferenceandbecauseofalaptop'sinherentportability,componentshaveto:

  • Fitintoacompactspace

  • Conservepower

  • Producelessheatthandesktopcomponents

 Often,thesedifferencesmakethecomponentsmoreexpensive,whichcancontributetohigherlaptopprices.

（1）.（单选题）（1分）Nowadays,laptopsareverypopularinourlifebecause__________.

A.they'reportable,andtheyconservepowerandmakelessheatandnoise.

B.they'realittleslowerandhavelessgraphicsandsoundprocessingpower.

C.they'remuchsmallerandlighterthaneventhemostcompactPCtowers.

D.they'remuchmoreefficientthandesktopcomputers.

标准答案：

A

学生答案:

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

（2）.（单选题）（1分）Accordingtothepassage,whatleadstotheclosingofthepricegapbetweenlaptopsanddesktops?

A.Theyhavethesamebasichardware,softwareandoperatingsystems.

B.Laptopcomputersactuallyoutselldesktopcomputers.

C.Laptoppricesarefallingfasterthandesktopprices.

D.Laptopsareoftenslowerandhavelessgraphicsandsoundprocessingpower.

标准答案：

C

学生答案:

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

（3）.（单选题）（1分）Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesalaptopcomputermuchsmallerandlighterthaneventhemostcompactPCtower?

A.Alaptop’scomponentsarefitintoacompactspaceandcanconservepowerandproducelessheatthandesktopcomponent.

B.Alaptopusesasmall,flatdesigninwhichallitscomponentsfittogethersnugly.

C.Alaptopusuallycomeswithadisplaythatusesthin-screentechnology.

D.Allthecomponentsofalaptoparemuchsmallerandlighterthanthoseofadesktop.

标准答案：

B

学生答案:

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

（4）.（单选题）（1分）Laptopsaregenerallymoreexpensivethandesktopswiththesamecapabilitiesbecause__________.

A.laptopscaneasilybetransportedandconvenientlyusedintemporaryspaces.

B.laptopsaremoreefficientandportablethandesktops.

C.itismoredifficultforpeopletodesignandproducelaptops.

D.laptopsuseasmall,flatdesigninwhichallthepiecesfittogethersnugly.

标准答案：

C

学生答案:

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

（5）.（单选题）（1分）Whatisthepossiblefunctionofaserialporttoalaptopcomputer?

A.Toattachamodemornetworkinterfacecardtoalaptop.

B.Tointegrateamouseintothekeyboardonalaptop.

C.Toattacharegularmouse,touchpad,trackball,orpointingsticktoalaptop.

D.Toaddaregularkeyboardormousetoalaptop.

标准答案：

D

学生答案:

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

ReadingofUnit2

  Anoperatingsystemisalayer（层）ofsoftwarewhichtakescareoftechnicalaspectsofacomputer'soperation.Itshields（防护，保护）theuserofthemachinefromthelow-leveldetailsofthemachine'soperationandprovidesfrequentlyneededfacilities（工具）.Thereisnouniversaldefinitionofwhatanoperatingsystemconsistsof.Youcanthinkofitasbeingthesoftwarewhichisalreadyinstalledonamachine,beforeyouaddanythingofyourown.Normallytheoperatingsystemhasanumberofkeyelements:

  （i）    Atechnicallayerofsoftwarefordriving（驱动）thehardwareofthecomputer,likediskdrives,thekeyboardandthescreen;

  （ii）Afilesystemwhichprovidesawayoforganizingfileslogically;

  （iii）Asimplecommandlanguagewhichenablesuserstoruntheirownprogramsandtomanipulate（操纵，使用）theirfilesinasimpleway.Someoperatingsystemsalsoprovidetexteditors,compilers,debuggersandavarietyofothertools.Sincetheoperatingsystem（OS）isinchargeofacomputer,allrequeststouseitsresourcesanddevicesneedtogothroughtheOS;

  （iv）    Legalentrypointsintoitscodeforperformingbasicoperationslikewritingtodevices.

  Operatingsystemsmaybeclassifiedbybothhowmanytaskstheycanperform“simultaneously”andbyhowmanyuserscanbeusingthesystem“simultaneously”.Thatis:

single-userormulti-userandsingle-taskormulti-tasking.Amulti-usersystemmustclearlybemulti-tasking.

  Thefirstofthese（MS/PCDOS/Windows3x）aresingleuser,single-tasksystemswhichbuildonaROMbasedlibraryofbasicfunctionscalledtheBIOS.Thesearesystemcallswhichwritetothescreenortodisketc.Althoughalltheoperatingsystemscanofferserviceinterrupts,andthereforesimulatetheappearanceofmultitaskinginsomesituations,theolderPCenvironmentscannotbethoughtofasamulti-taskingsysteminanysense.Onlyasingleuserapplicationcouldbeopenatanytime.Windows95replacedtheoldcoroutine（协同程序）approachofquasi-multitaskingwithatruecontextswitchingapproach,butonlyasingleusersystem,withoutpropermemoryprotection.WindowsNTaddedaproperkernel（内核）withmemoryprotection,basedontheVMSsystem,originallywrittenfortheDEC/Vax.LaterversionsofWindowsNTandWindows2000（asecurityandkernelenhancedversionofNT）allowmultipleloginsalsothroughaterminalserver（终端服务器）.Windows2000thushascomparablefunctionalitytoUNIXinthisrespect.

（1）.（单选题）（1分）Whatisthedefinitionofanoperatingsystem?

A.Anoperatingsystemisalayerofsoftwaretakingcareoftechnicalaspectsofacomputer'soperation

B.Anoperatingsystemisafilesystemwhichprovidesawayoforganizingfileslogically

C.Anoperatingsystemisaninterfaceinchargeofcomputeroperation

D.Notmentioned

标准答案：

D

学生答案:

B

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

0

（2）.（单选题）（1分）WhyisWindows3xNOTconsideredasamulti-taskingsystem?

A.OnlyasingleuserapplicationcouldbeopenatanytimeinaWindows3xsystem

B.Windows3xisasystembuildingonaROMbasedlibraryofbasicfunctionscalledtheBIOS

C.Windows3xallowsmultipleloginsalsothroughaterminalserver

D.Windows3xcan’tsimulatetheappearanceofmultitaskinginsomesituations

标准答案：

A

学生答案:

C

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

0

（3）.（单选题）（1分）WhichisNOTthekeyelementofanOS?

A.Atechnicallayerofsoftwarefordrivingthehardwareofthecomputer

B.Asimplecommandlanguagewhichenablesuserstoruntheirownprogramsandtomanipulatetheirfilesinacomplicatedway.

C.Afilesystemwhichprovidesawayoforganizingfileslogically

D.Legalentrypointsintoitscodeforperformingbasicoperationslikewritingtodevices

标准答案：

B

学生答案:

C

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

0

（4）.（单选题）（1分）Whatdoestheword“simultaneously”probablymean?

A.temporarily

B.immediately

C.atthesametime

D.allthetime

标准答案：

C

学生答案:

C

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

1

（5）.（单选题）（1分）Accordingtothepassage,Windows2000hasanimprovedkernelof_______

A.DEC/Vax

B.WindowsNT

C.WindowsXP

D.VMS

标准答案：

B

学生答案:

B

本题总分:

1

学生得分:

1

Linux（pronounced"LINN-uks"）isaversionofUNIXthathasachievedaloyalbandoffollowersoverthepastfewyears.Originallycreatedin1991,someversionsofLinuxareavailablewithoutchargeovertheInternet.Linuxisopen-s