stepbystep第二册答案.docx

stepbystep第二册答案.docx

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stepbystep第二册答案

A.1. WhatkindofstudentcomestoOxford?

Theanswertothisis,thereis"OxfordType."Commonqualitiestheylookforarecommitment,enthusiasmandmotivationforyourchosenareaofstudybackedbyastrongacademicrecord.

2. TheUniversityofCambridgeisoneoftheoldestuniversitiesintheworld,andoneofthelargestintheUnitedKingdom.Ithasaworldwidereputationforoutstandingacademicachievementandthehighqualityofresearchundertakeninawiderangeofscienceandartssubjects.

3. TheUniversityofSydneywasthefirst tobeestablishedinAustraliaand,afteralmost150yearsofproudachievement,stillleadsininnovationandquality.TheUniversityexcelsinsportandsocialactivities,debating,drama,musicandmuchmore.

4. Knownforexcellenceinteaching,research,andservicetothecommunity,theuniversityofVictoriaservesapproxi-mately17,000students.Itisfavoredbyitslocationoncanada'sspectacularwestcoast,inthecapitalofBritishColumbia.

5. NewZealand'slargestuniversity,theUniversityofAuckland,wasestablishedin1833,andhasgrownintoaninternationalcenteroflearningandacademicexcellence.TheUniversityissituatedintheheartofthecosmopolitancityofAucklandandprovidesanexcitingandstimulatingenvironmentfor26,000students.

6. Foundedin1636Harvardhasa380-acreurbancampuswitheasyaccesstoBoston.Ithasatotalenrollmentofabout18,500students.ThisuniversitycomprisesmanydifferentschoolssuchastheFacultyofArtsandSciences,SchoolofbusinessAdministrationandSchoolofEducation.

7. ColumbiaUniversityisanindependentcoeducationaluniversi-ty,whichawardsmaster's,doctoral,professional,andotheradvanceddegrees, withanenrollmentofabout20,000grade-ateandprofessionalstudents.

8. BostonUniversityislocatedalongthebanksoftheCharlesRiver.Withmorethan30,000studentsfromallovertheUnitedStatesand135countries,itisthethirdlargestinde-pendentuniversityintheUnitedStates.

BAmericanuniversitieshavebeenofferingclassesonlinethroughcomputersforanumberofyears.Now,somenewlycreatedcollegesareofferingacademicdegreesonline.Oneuni-versityoffersbothbachelor'sdegreesandmaster'sdegrees.Offi-cialssaytheytrytoprovidestudentswithasocialexperienceaswellasaneducationalone.Forexample,insomeprograms,groupsofthesamesixstudentsprogressthroughalltheirclassestogether.Theycommunicatebycomputer.Anotheronlineschoolusesaproblem-solvingmethodofteaching.Studentsattempttosolverealproblemsintheirclassesonlineinsteadofreadinginformation.

Studentswhohaveatakenonlineclassessaytheylikethembecausetheydonothavetotraveltoabuildingatasettimetolistentoaprofessor.Professorssaytheyhavebettercommunica-tionwithstudentsthrougheimailnotesthantheydoinmanytra-ditionalclasses.

1-2

B. C.1.GCSEexaminations

2.Students/highereducation

3.student/secondyear/highschool/college

4.Generalexam/SchoolCertificate

5.SittingUniversityEntranceExamination

6.Bachelor'sdegree:

3/4yearsMaster'sdegree:

anotheryearortwoDoctorate:

afurther3_-7years

1-3

A.1.Educationhasacquiredakindofsnobvalueinmoderntimes.

2.Nowadaysifwewanttogetadecentjob,wehavetohaveapieceofpaper.

3.Ifwewanttogetpromotioninevenahumblestjob,wehavetoobtainacertificateoradiplomafirst.

4.Experienceandpracticalskillsareregardedasrelativelyunim-portant.

5."Johnsonwould'vebeenamanagerbynowifhe'dtakenthetroubletogetadegree."

6."He'sacleverman,hecould'vedoneanythingifhe'dhadapropereductation."

7.Woulditnotbebettertoallowpeopletobecomeexpertinawaymostsuitedtothemratherthanobligethemtofollowasetcourseofinstruction,whichmayoffernoopportunityforthemtodevelopskillsinwhichtheywould'vebecomeexpertiflefttothemselves?

B.MajorviewpointsSupportingideasandfactsStatementNumbers:

1,4,7

StatementNumbers:

2,3,4,6

1-4                             Thinkingaheadofthespeaker- AnticipationHelps

Listeningisanextremelycomplexcommunicativeactivity.InhisbookPrinciplesandImplicationsofcognitivePsychology,Nasserdefineslisteningasa"temporallyex-tened activity"inwhichthelistener"continuously developsmoreorlessspecificreadinessforwhatwillcomenext."Inotherwords,aneffectivelistenerisconstantlysettingup hy-pothesisinhismind,andalso,heisconstantlytestinghishypothesisbymatchingitwithwhathehasheardinrality.

Ifhehearswhathehasexpected,hereceivestheinformal-ton.Butifwhathehearsistotallyoutofhisexpectation,hefailstogetthemeassge.Theskilltoanticipatewhatiscominginlisteningcom-prehensiondependslargelyonthelistener'sfamiliaritywiththethemeofthemessage.Italsodependsonthelistener'sknowledgeofthespeakeraswellasthesetting.

Obviously,whenwelistentosomethingthatwealreadyhavesomeinformationabout,itisgenerallyaloteasierforustotakeinthenewinformation.Therefore,pre-listeningpreparationseemstohaveabigroletoplayinenhancinglisteningcomprehension.Beforeactuallistening,wecouldperhapsfirstgivesomethoughttothetopic,discussitwithothers,readsomerelatedmaterialsanddosomevocabularywork.Ifwecouldmakeourselvesfullyorientatedfortheforthcomingtalksorlectures,wearemoalikelytobecomeeffectivelisteners.

Ofcourse,readinessbeforehandisnotatallenough.Activethinkingmusttakeplaceallthewaythrough.Infact,weshouldalwaystrytothinkaheadofthespeaker.Theabilitytoanticipatehelpsusinlogicalandintelligentguesswork.Itdoesnotonlyenableusatoknowgenerallywhatapersonisgoingtotalkaboutinacertainsituation,butalso,interestinglyenough,sometimesevenexactlywhataperson'snextutteranceisgoingtobeinadiscussion?

2-1

A.1. Therearemorethan2,700languagesintheworld.Inaddi-tion,therearemorethan7,000dialects.Adialectisaregion-alvarietyofalanguagethathasadifferentpronunciation,vocabulary,ormeaning.

2. Thelanguageinwhichagovernmentconductsbusinessistheofficiallanguageofthatcountry.

3. OnebillionpeoplespeakEnglish.That's20percentoftheworld'spopulation.

4. FourhundredmillionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirstlan-guage.Fortheother600millionit'seitherasecondlanguageoraforeignlanguage.

5. Therearemorethan500,000wordsintheOxforddictionary.EightypercentofallEnglishvocabularycomesfromotherlanguages.

6. Eightypercentofallinformationintheworld'scomputersisinEnglish.

7. SomaliaistheonlyAfricancountryinwhichtheentirepopu-lationspeaksthesamelanguage,Somali.

8. Morethan1,000differentlanguagesarespokenontheconti-nentofAfrica.

9. WhentheAmericanspaceshipVoyagebeganitsjourneyin1977,itcarriedagolddisc.Onthedisc,thereweremes-sagesin55languages.Beforeallofthem,therewasames-sagefromtheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNationsinEnglish.

B.1. learningstyles:

differentwaysoflearningthatdifferentpeoplehave

2. hearinglearners:

peoplewholearnbestbylistening

3. visuallearners:

peoplewholearnbestbyreadingorlookingatpictures

4. tactilelearners:

peoplewholearnbestbytouchinganddoingthings

C.1-a        2c       3d     4b

2-2B

●       Notafraidtomakemistakes◇ interestedinthemistakeshemakesandhavingthemcorrected●       Eagertoexperimentwithev-erynewthing◇ tryingtousesomethingnew◇ playingwiththelanguage◇       testinghimself●       Doingmoreofhisownbat●    Workingoutsidetheclass-room◇       readingbooks

●       Passive◇       notspeakingupmuch◇       rarelyaskingtheteacherwhythisandwhynotsomethingelse◇       relyingentirelyontheteacher◇       justacceptingwhattheteachergiveshimanddoingnothingmorewithit●       Unwillingtostickhisneckout◇       afraidtomakemistakes●       Invariablydecidingtheotherpersonismorelikelytoberightthanhimself◇       nottoosureabutthetest

2-3

A.                                 ThingsthatmakeEnglishdifficulttolearn

         Hodgepodge           IdiomsininformalEnglish           Largest   vocabulary  

         Cermanic     French         Greek&Latin          Anglo-Saxon          French   

                                       Irregularityinspelling &Pronunciation

B. （F）1.TheEnglishlanguageisamixtureofdifferentlanguages,Thisfeaturehasnothinggoodbutonlytomakeitmoredifficulttolearn.

（T）2.Accordingtothespeaker,somewordsfromtheFrenchhavemoreprestigethanthosefromtheOldEnglishal-thoughtheymeanthesamething.

（F）3.CanadianEnglishisclosetoAmericanEnglishinsomewordsandidioms.ButthespellingandpronunciationreflectBritishusage.

3-1

A.1.Position:

cookQualifications:

goodanddependableexperienceworkonweekends

wayofcontact:

call2359739

2.Position:

Englishandmathteachers

Qualifications:

abachelordegreeteachingcertificate

Wayofcontact:

resumetoWalesCharterSchool,19SnowRoad,NYC

3.Position:

MarketingCommunicationsupervisor

Qualifications:

abachelordegreeinBusinessAdministrationgoodPCandpresentationskills

Wayofcontact:

resumetoMTP,P.O.Box354,Syracuse,NY16493

4.Position:

AreaSalesManager

Offerstoemployees:

professionalcarreersandextensivetrainingQualifications:

professionalcarresandextensivetraining

Qualifications:

dynamic,hardworkingandinitiatedquicklearner

interestedinworking