中美在跨文化交际中商务礼仪的对比研究.docx

中美在跨文化交际中商务礼仪的对比研究.docx

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中美在跨文化交际中商务礼仪的对比研究

毕业论文

2014届

中美在跨文化交际中商务礼仪的对比研究

AComparativeStudyofSino-USBusinessEtiquetteinCross-CulturalCommunication

学院：

英语学院

专业：

英语

班级：

英语1017班

学号：

0307101734

学生姓名：

经玲玲

指导教师：

沈妍斐

日期：

摘要

随着中国经济的快速发展，国际间的贸易往来日趋频繁。

商务礼仪作为国际商务交流中一个重要的环节，对国际商务活动的顺利进行起着至关重要的作用。

本论文主要探讨中美在跨文化交际中的商务礼仪，旨在找出中美两国商务礼仪的差异性，并探讨引起该差异性的原因，完善商务谈判礼仪研究，从谈判礼仪研究理论就如何在国际商务谈判礼仪的运用做了初步的探讨，以期达到提高国际商务谈判的成功性，增强商务人士综合运用英语的能力。

在国际商务谈判中了解各国不同文化，熟悉商业活动的文化差异，懂得并掌握必要的礼仪与礼节，从而树立良好的个人形象和公司形象，促进对外谈判的成功，提高公司乃至整个国家的国际竞争力。

关键词：

商务礼仪；跨文化交际；差异

Abstract

WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina’seconomy,internationaltradehasbecomeincreasinglyfrequent.Asanimportantlinkininternationalbusinesscommunication,businessetiquetteplaysavitalroleinsmoothnegotiationoftheinternationalbusinessactivities.ThispaperismainlyabouttheSino-USbusinessetiquetteinthecross-culturalcommunication,topointoutthedifferencesofbusinessetiquettebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesandtoexplorethecausesofthedifferences,toperfectbusinessnegotiationetiquettestudy.Thestudyoftheapplicationofnegotiationetiquetteintheinternationalbusinessnegotiationismadeinordertoimproveinternationalbusinessnegotiationandenhancebusinessmen’scomprehensiveabilitytouseEnglish.Ininternationalbusinessnegotiationstounderstandthedifferentculture,befamiliarwiththebusinessactivitiesoftheculturaldifferences,understandandmasterthenecessaryetiquetteandmanners,soastoestablishagoodpersonalimageandcorporateimage,promotethesuccessofbusinessnegotiation,companyandeventhewholecountry'sinternationalcompetitiveness.

Keywords:

businessetiquette;cross-culturalcommunication;difference

TableofContents

摘　要I

AbstractII

1Introduction1

2ManifestationsofDifferencesinBusinessEtiquette1

2.1Differentmeetingetiquette1

2.1.1Title1

2.1.2Communicativelanguage2

2.1.3Greetings2

2.2Differentdiningetiquette3

2.2.1Seatingarrangements3

2.2.2Dietatmosphere3

2.2.3Dinnermanners4

2.3Differentsocialetiquette5

2.3.1Conceptoftime5

2.3.2Socialdistance5

3.AnalysisFromtheCulturalDimension6

3.1Conceptoftime6

3.2Conceptofspace7

3.3Conceptofvalue7

3.4Nonverbalhabits8

4.Strategies8

4.1FromtheperspectiveofChina8

4.2FromtheperspectiveoftheUnitedStates9

5.Conclusion9

References10

摘要、abstract粗体

Reference四号字体

1.Introduction

SinceChinahasbeenalargeinternationalcountry,therearemoreandmoreinternationaltradeandeconomiccooperation.Internationalbusinesscommunicationinevitablyhappensthroughthewholeprocessofbusinessactivities.Businessetiquetteisaverycriticalaspectthatnonverbalcommunicationisapplied,anditisusedonallkindsofbusinessoccasions.Sometimesonemistakecouldleadtothefailureofbusiness.Althoughthewriterhaslistedmanyapplicationsofbusinessetiquette,thereaderscouldkeeponimprovingtheirbusinesscommunicationalskillsbypracticingandobservingdailybusinessetiquette.Mostofthestudiesfocusonthelanguageitselfandthedifferencesbetweentwokindsofculture.However,howtousebusinessetiquetteproperlydependsonvarioussituations,whichisoftenneglectedbytheresearchers.ThisthesisissupposedtoprobeintotheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesandexplorethefeatures,functionsandclassificationsofbusinessetiquette.Moreover,sincebusinessetiquettehasbeendrawingmoreandmoreattentiontheseyears,thisthesiswillgivesomenewideasappliedbusinessetiquette.Becausecultureinfluencesetiquette,thevalues,beliefs,attitudesandbehaviorsarevastlydifferentfromculturetoculture.WithsuchdifferentculturalbackgroundsbetweenChinaandAmerica,thebusinessetiquetteofthetwocountriesisdifferentbeyondquestion.Thesignificanceofwritingthisresearchistohelpustounderstandsomenewtheoriesorprinciplesincultureandthebusinessetiquette.Andthenwecanchoosethecorrectwaywecanchoosetodointhetradeactivities.Finally,thecooperationbetweenourChinaandtheUnitedStateswillbemoresuccessful.

2.Manifestationsofdifferencesinbusinessetiquette

2.1Differentmeetingetiquette

Differentmeetingetiquettecanbeanalyzedintitle,communicativelanguage,andgreetings,whichareillustratedasfollows.

2.1.1Title

Ingeneral,ChineseandEnglishaddressformsinbusinessactivityarenoticeablydifferentinthefollowingaspects.

First,inEnglish,the“Dr.”and“Prof.”arehighlyhonoredandfrequentlyused.ButinChina,mostprofessionaltitlescanbeusedasaddressterms.Whatismore,positiontitlesinChinesearefarmorewidelyacceptedandemployedinChinathaninthewest.InChina,whenpeoplemeetinbusinessoccasions,theywouldfirstselectpositiontitlestoshowthehighestrespectandpoliteness,otherwiseitwouldberegardedasrudeness.ThepositiontitlesinChinesearevarious.Theycanbeemployedalone,suchas“局长”,orwithsurnameaddedbefore,suchas“李局长”.Ifapersonhasotherpositiontitlesorprofessionaltitles,thehigherrankpositiontitleswouldbethefirstselection.However,inEnglish,oneneverhearsEnglishspeakersaddressothersasBureauDirectorJohnson,ManagerTom,andPrincipalSmith.Onlyafewpositiontitleswouldbeusedsuchas“President”“Dean”“Judge”“Governor”“Mayor”.Atlast,westernpeopleinbusinessaremorepragmaticinaddressingothersbypositiontitles.Forexample,theywilladdressvice-generalmanagerinsteadof“GeneralManager”whichismoreaccustomedtoChinese.

2.1.2Communicativelanguage

InChina,modestyisavirtue,andlow-keyisanattitude,butintheU.S.Peoplealwayswanttocomplimenteachothertomakeapositiveevaluationandapositiveresponsetohispraise.Thesedifferentcomplimentsareconnectedwiththetwocountries’differentculture.Chinesearesoshyandmodest,sowhenothersgivecomplimentstohimorher,thepersonwouldsay,“no,no,Iamnotsogood.Youareoverstatingthepoint”,ifanAmericaniscomplimentingyouandyougivethemthisresponse,theywillthinkyouaredifferentfromothersandcannotbeunderstoodeasily.Americansliketosay“thankyou”allthetime,evenamongtheirfamilymembers.Theythinkitisagoodwaytoexpresstheirowngratitudetoothers.AgoodcaseinpointisthataforeignercametoChinatopayavisittohisfriend.Whenhesawhisfriend’swife,hesaid,“Yourwifeisverybeautiful.”Buthisfriendansweredwithhumility,“where,where.”Theforeignerwastotallyataloss,andansweredwithpuzzlement,“everywhere.”Whenitcomestowesterners,someChinesepeoplewillholdtheideathattheyaretoonarcissisticandself-confident,atthesametime,thewesternerswillbeverysurprisedonhearingthemdenyingthepraisesandtheirownachievements,infact,theself-deprecatingwayofChinesepeoplewillcreateafalsesenseforforeignerswhodonotunderstandthetraditionalculturalpracticesofChina.However,Westernersdonothavesuchhabits,whentheyarepraised,theyalwaysfeelveryhappyandsaythankyoutosymbolizepraiseaccepted.Forexample,whenapersonsays,“Yourhairstylelooksgorgeous!

”toanotherman,themanwillsay,“Thankyouverymuch.”

2.1.3Greetings

Youshouldextendenthusiasmandhospitalitytoallguests.Whenpeopleareshowingthewaytoguests,theproperwayistowalkontheleftsideofthem.Peopleinchargeofreceptionshouldwalksidebysidewithguests,avoidinglaggingbehind,whileotherescortsshouldwalkbehindguestsandmainescorts.Afteraccompanyingvisitorstothedoor,you’dbetterlookafterthemforawhileuntilyoucannotseethem,andclosethedoorgentlyifitisnecessary.Otherwise,itisveryimpolitetoslamthedoor,whichwillpossiblydestroyalltheaffectionyouhavenursedcarefullyduringthevisit.

Firstly,Englishgreetingoftenindicatethetimeoftheday,whileChinesegreetingshavenosuchindication.Forexample,inEnglish“goodmorning”isoftenusedfromearlymorningtolunchtimeanditcanbeusedinformalinformationaloccasion.But“Goodmorning”inEnglishcannotcorrespondwith“您好”inChinesewhichdoesnotindicatethesametime.“您早”inChineseisoftenusedinaveryshorttimefromearlymorningtobreakfast.Therefore,itwillcauseunpleasantnessifyougreetChinesepeoplewith“您早”after10o’clockinthemorningbecausehe/shewillthinkthisisanironicalremark.AnotherdistinctionisthatEnglishgreetingsusuallyaskgeneralquestionsaboutsomeone’swork,lifeandhealth,butsomeChinesegreetingssoundmorespecificandareoftenconsideredasapreliminaryremarktoarequestforinformationinsteadofgreetingsbywesterners.TheChinesepeopleoftenuse“你吃过饭了吗?

”（“Haveyouhadyourmeal?

”）“干什么去?

”（“Whereareyougoing?

”）togreetacquaintance.Butthesekindsofgreetingsoftenconfusetheforeignersbecausetheydon’tknowthesearethecommonwayusedbyChinesepeopletoexpresstheirconcernforfriends.Ontheotherhand,thewesternpeopleoftendiscussabouttheweatherwhentheymeeteachother.Theyoftensay,“It’safineday,isn’tit?

”“Whatistheweatherliketoday?

”Or“Doyouthinkitwillrain/snow?

”AndChinesepeoplearenotaccustomedtothiskindofgreetings.Inshort,inordertoavoidmisunderstanding,wecanusetheChinesewaytogreetChinesepeopleandusetheEnglishwaytogreetEnglishpeople.

2.2DifferentDiningEtiquette

2.2.1SeatingArrangements

Seatingarrangementisaveryimportantpartofbusinessetiquette,whichisoftenconsideredaswhetheryoutreatbusinesspartnerproperlyorpolitely.Onformalbusinessoccasions,especiallyoninternationalbusinessoccasions