上海市曹杨二中学年高二上学期期中英语试题.docx
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上海市曹杨二中学年高二上学期期中英语试题
上海市曹杨二中2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试题
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一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
Onanotherwiseordinaryafternooninmid-December,theHakatatoTokyoexpresspulledintoNegoyaandathousandpassengerswereordered1.thetrain.Theburningsmellandunusualsoundturnedouttobecracksinthechassis(底盘).
ItwasthefirsttimethattheShinkansen(新干线),thecountry’ssymbolofindustrialpowerand“madeinJapan”engineeringquality,2.(give)waytoanofficiallycalled“seriousincident”.Onceuponatime,thecrackswouldhavebeenunthinkable;thenation—3.theoutsideworld—haslongbeenconditionedtothinkofJapanesemanufacturingasperfect.Butaftersufferingasuccessionofdifferentscandals.Japan’sproblemisthatimperfectionisfarlessuntbinkablethanit4.be.
ThebullettrainbreakdownmarksthepeakofmonthsofpublicadmissionsbysomeofJapan’sgreatestnames—includingNissanMotor.Subaru,TorayIndustries,KobeSteelandMitsubishiMaterials—5.theyhaveeitherbeencheatingonqualitytestsorfakingdocuments6.(sell)productsofalowerqualitythanstated.Foranindustrialeconomythathasbuiltitsglobalfameonitsreputationforquality,thesearenerve-rackingtimes.
NoonethoughtthatJapanesecompanieswerebasicallymorehonestthantheircompetitorsaroundtheworld,saysoneformerToshibaexecutive,7.therewasanassumptionbothinsideandoutsideJapanthateveryoneonthefactoryfloorwasdevotedtotheperfectionofmonozukuri.8.craftsmanshipthatrepresentswhatisarguablytheproudestJapanesecorporateboasts.“Thatassumptionis9.hastakentheheaviestbeating,”hesaid.
WhenHiroyaKawasaki,thechiefexecutiveofKobeSteel,firstconfessedthatthecompanyhadbeentakingpartindatafalsification(伪造)10.(data)backtothe1970s,hisstatementwasalmostapocalyptic(预示灾难的).“Trustinourcompanyhasfallentozero,”hesaid.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions:
Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.
Cureisn’tawordnormallyusedinthe11.ofAIDS.Formostofthe35yearssinceHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthedisease,wasfirstidentified,doctorshaveviewedthenotionofacureasmore12.thanfact.
That’sbecauseHIVisavirusunlikeanyother.Itdisablestheveryimmunecellsthatare13.todestroyit,carryingouttheultimatedeadlyambush(埋伏)whenevertheguardofimmune14.comesdown,monthsorsometimesevenyearslater.
YetforthefirsttimeintheHIVepidemicthat15.affectsnearly37millionpeopleworldwide,someexpertsarestartingtoaimforacurecautiously.TheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)isfundingHIVcureeffortsandadvocacygroupslikeamfARarealso16.resourcesintonotjusttreatingHIV,butalsofindingwaystoeliminateitcompletely.
“AbsolutelyHIVcanbecured,”saysRowenaJohnston,vicepresidentanddirectorofresearchforamfAR.“Thequestionishow.”
DoctorstodayhavenotroublekeepingHIVundercontrolinpeoplewhoareinfected,thankstoantiretroviral(ARV)drugs,whichstopthevirusfromreplicating(复制).Ifitisnotmakingmorecopiesofitself.HIVcannotspreadtoinfectnewcells.Thatcan17.intohealthier,longerlivesforpeoplewhoareHIV-positive.
Powerfulasthecurrentdrugtreatmentsare,theycan’tactually18.thebodyofinfectedcells.Forself-preservation,someHIVlieslatent(潜伏性的)insidecertainimmunecells.Thesearethevirusesthatcomecoaringbackwhenpeoplestoptakingtheirmedications.
Butthelatestreportthismonthrevealedthestrongestevidencethattheselatentvirusescanbeactivatedandeliminated,atleastinanimals.Dr.DanBarouchandhiscolleaguesshowedthatadrugthatstimulatestheimmunesystem,19.withapowerfulantibody,preventedHIVfromroaringbackinfiveof11animals,sixmonthsaftertheystoppedtakingARVs.“Ithinkourdataraisesthe20.thataninterventionachievingafunctionalcureispossible,”saysBarouch.
三、完形填空
Insteadofcruisinginonahoverboard,Irodemybiketotheofficetoday.Thebicyclewasinventedinthe19thcentury.Insteadoftakingapillforbreakfast,Ihadabaconroll,cookedusinggas.Sciencefictionhas21tous.
Makingpredictionsistricky,especiallyaboutthefuture,asphysicistNielsBohrjoked.Insciencefiction,youcan’tescapethat22though.Sinceitsbirthinthe19thcentury,writershave23imaginedthethingstocome:
devicesthathumankindwillinventtomakelifeeasier.Butinsomanyinstances,thosepromiseshavenotcometopass.Thebiggest24areintravel—jetpacks,hoverboardsandflyingcarsareyettofilltheskies.Airtravelhasbecomesignificantlycheaperandwide-reaching,butonlyusingdistinctly20th-centurytechnology:
commercialaeroplanesaremuchthesameastheywere50yearsago.
25iswhatsciencefictionfrequentlydelivers,butitsarrivalintherealworldhasbeenunpredicrable.Domesticrobotswithadegreeofintelligenceareyetto26,thoughroboticvacuumcleanersarecommerciallyavailable—eveniftheyarefairlyhopeless.Videocallshavenowarrived—sortof—butconferencingonSkypeisstilldissatisfying.Inmobiles,videocalltechnologyisnowavailable,sowhenyourdadringstoupdateyouonhisvegetablepatch,he’llbeableto27yourlookofboredom.
Thetruthisthatwequickly28theastonishmentofinvention:
ourwondermentissoonreplacedwiththefeelingofnothingnew.Weshouldtrytostayinthatperiodof29.Itisastonishingthatthecontentsofeverybookeverwrittencanbestoredinasmallbox.Orthatyoucancarry10,000albumsonanobjectkeptinyourpocket.Orthatalmostalltheinformationintheworldcanbeaccessedalmostanywhereatanytime.Allthese30aredependentontheemergenceofthemicrochipanditsplaceincomputers.Yetsci-fididn’t31thedominanceofthecomputerinrunningourlives.
Buttherealareawhere32faroutstrips(超越)predictionsismedicine.Sure,fictionwoulddescribehumansas“disease-free”butwithoutgoingintodetail.“Disease-free”humansarestillabsent,buttheprogressmadein33lifeisbreathtaking.Withrelativeease,wecansequenceanyone’sgenome(基因组),givingaread-outofourentiregeneticcode.Thismeanswecanfindouttheunderlyinggeneticcauseofthousandsofdiseasesinminutes.
Photosensitiveimplantsnowexistthatcanreplacedamagedcellsintheretina(视网膜)andcan,thus34sighttotheblind.Whiletheinventionsofsciencefictioncanshowgreatideaswe’dliketohappen,nothing35theinventivenessofpeopleintherealworld.
21.A.turnedB.liedC.objectedD.talked
22.A.opportunityB.challengeC.imaginationD.conflict
23.A.hesitantlyB.criticallyC.temporarilyD.tirelessly
24.A.disappointmentsB.advancementsC.enjoymentsD.experiments
25.A.ModernizationB.ExplorationC.AutomationD.Transportation
26.A.materialiseB.identifyC.honourD.liberate
27.A.imagineB.feelC.seeD.ignore
28.A.arouseB.discoverC.forgetD.evaluate
29.A.frustrationB.amazementC.boredomD.limitation
30.A.modesB.worriesC.potentialsD.actions
31.A.predictB.overlookC.motivateD.prevent
32.A.qualityB.obstacleC.passionD.reality
33.A.maintainingB.creatingC.researchingD.encountering
34.A.showB.lendC.restoreD.label
35.A.guaranteesB.overestimatesC.releasesD.outperforms
四、阅读选择
Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Attheboxoffice.Atarestaurant.ButonBlackFriday,it’sanexperience.
ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimedweeksbeforeBlackFriday,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets.Someone,somewhere,willtrytocutinlineataTarget,arousingtheangerofthepeoplewhoplayeditfair.
Atriskarebothbargainsandbraggingrights,turningwhatwouldotherwisebeamiserableexperienceintoanadventure.
“ThesequeuesarequitedifferentthantheusualannoyingonesweencounterdaytodayattheA.T.M.orinthesubway,”saidRichardLarson,aprofessoratM.I.T.whohasspentyearsstudyinglinebehavior.
ProfessorLarson,whosenicknameinacademiccirclesisDr.Queue,saidhewouldneverwaitinalineonBlackFridayhimself.Thelines,hesaid,are“onceayear,they’reexciting.They’rethekindyoumighttellyourgrandchildrenabout.”
Linestestpatience,personalspaceandprinciplesoffairnessandrationality,especiallyonBlackFriday,whenthecrowdscanbeoverwhelming.Still,thepromiseofaonce-a-yearscoredrawsshopperstoqueuesthatstartbeforesunrise—orinsomecases,thenightbefore.
J.JeffreyInman,aveteranofBlackFridaylinesandpresidentoftheSocietyforConsumerPsychology,saidthatmanyfamiliestreatthehourslongexperienceasabondingritualandacherishedtradition.
“It’snotsomethingunimportant,”saidMr.Inman,whoisalsoaprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofPittsburgh.“Andthere’sthislayerofcompetitiontoit,withpeopleedgingforward,becausethereareonlysomanyofthosebigscreenTVsinsidethedoor.”
Peoplemayactuallygravitatetowardlongerlines,sotheycanfeelagreatersenseofaccomplishmentoncetheyfinallymakeapurchase.ProfessorLarsonsaid,“Eveniftheydon’tknowwhatthelineisfor,theyreasonthatwhatever’sattheendofitmustbefantasticallyvaluable.”
36.Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthat_______.
A.peopleinTargetaremostlikelytocutin