高考英语专项练习阅读理解第4节.docx

高考英语专项练习阅读理解第4节.docx

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高考英语专项练习阅读理解第4节

第4节　记叙文

题组训练一

1

话题：

人物介绍

难度：

★★

建议用时：

7分钟

CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand，tomanypeople，thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Asamoralist，satirist，andsocialreformer，DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.

DickenswasborninPortsmouth，onEngland’ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishnavypayoffice—arespectableposition，butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents，astewardandahousekeeperpossessedevenlessstatus，havingbeenservants，andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dickens’mothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken’sbirth，hismother’sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope，nevertoreturn.Thefamily’sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren’sBlackingWarehouse，ashoe-polishfactory，wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas“theyounggentleman”.Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliations（耻辱）ofhisfather’simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens’greatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife，althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.

Soonafterhisfather’sreleasefromprison，Dickensgotabetterjobasanerrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime，Dickens，whohadareporter’seyefortranscribing（转录）thelifearoundhimespeciallyanythingcomicorodd，submittedshortsketches（短篇作品）toobscuremagazines.

Thefirstpublishedsketch，ADinneratPoplarWalkbroughttearstoDickens’eyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches，whichappearedunderthepenname“Boz”inTheEveningChronicle，earnedhimamodestreputation.

SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared，apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments，asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famousartistRobertSeymour，whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence，DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour’spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment，Dickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingwhich，Dickensfelt，wasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange，wentintohisbackyard，andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel，ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub，appearedseriallyin1836and1837，andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.

TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers，asitisgenerallyknowntoday，securedDickens’fame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars，andtheplump，spectacledhero，SamuelPickwick，becameanationalfigure.

AfterPickwick，Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist，hetracesanorphan’sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslums（贫民区）ofLondon.NicholasNickleby，hisnextnovel，combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDickensasanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.

语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。

描述了狄更斯的家庭背景、成长经历和主要作品等。

1.Dickens’familybackgroundhadthefollowingeffectsonhimEXCEPTthat.

A.heformedanoddpersonality

B.itcastashadowonhisheart

C.hehadtodropoutofschool

D.ithadhisdignitythreatened

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

A项文中没有提到，但B、C、D三项涉及的内容在文中第二段中都提及了。

2.WhichofthefollowingworkssecuredDickens’reputation?

A.ADinneratPoplarWalk.

B.OliverTwist.

C.ThePickwickPapers.

D.NicholasNickleby.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第六段第一句“TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers，asitisgenerallyknowntoday，securedDickens’fame.”可知，《匹克威克列传》的巨大成功为狄更斯赢得了声誉。

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

A.Dickens’insistenceagainstSeymour’swillmighthaveledtotheartistkillinghimself

B.itwasthecombinationofOliverTwistandPickwickthatmadeDickensworld-famous

C.DickensreflectedthesituationofEnglishsocietyinthe18thcenturywithhisliterature

D.Dickens’sketchesinTheMonthlyMagazineattractedtheattentionofapublishingfirm

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据第五段倒数第三、四句“...Dickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrect...andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.”可知A项正确。

根据文章最后一段可知，是狄更斯的三部小说让他享誉世界，故B项错误；C项中应反映的是19世纪的英国社会，故排除；D项中应是SketchesbyBoz吸引了出版商，故排除。

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Dickens’greatcontributions.

B.Dickens’famousworks.

C.Dickens’familybackground.

D.Dickens’lifeexperiences.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。

文章介绍了查尔斯·狄更斯的家庭背景、成长经历和主要作品等，因此A、B、C三项均是以偏概全，而D项囊括了全文内容。

2

话题：

走路、乘车的好处

难度：

★

建议用时：

6分钟

Whenawebsitesuggestedthatwenotuseacarforaweek，Idecidedtohaveatry.Duringthelastcoupleyears，I’vegotusedtotakingthebus.Thefirsttwodayswasprettyeasy.Itookthebustomysummerschoolclass，walkedtotheshopafterwards，andthentookabushome.Thebusridesnevertookmorethan20minutesandsinceIstartedthechallengeonaweekday，thebusesranoftenandIdidn’thavetowaitatstopsverylong.Butbythethirdday，Istartedtomissbeingabletogoanywhereinacar.

Onthefourthday，aftergettingreadyforschool，IlookedattheclockandIwasalready20minuteslate.IknewthatifItookthebusI’darrivealmostanhourlate.Sincetheclassisonlytwohourslong，Iaskedmymomtodriveme.Ifeltguiltyaboutridinginacar，butitfeltgoodtobeinthepassenger’sseatagain.

Fromthefifthdayonitwasn’ttoobad.Somefriendsofferedtodrivemetogooutafewtimes，andIhadtorefusetheirofferandwalktocloserplaceswiththeminstead.TheythoughtIwascrazytogowithoutusingacarforaweek.

However，afteraweek，Irealizedthattherearealotofbenefitsofwalkingortakingthebus.Walkingishealthierformybodyandtheworld，andIdon’tmindtakingthebusbecauseIgettomeetreallyinterestingpeople.MyfavoritewasamanwhosaidhewasonajourneyacrossAmerica，andaskedmeaboutschoolandwhatmyfavoritesubjectis.Also，thebusisagoodplaceformetobecreative.I’vewrittenalotofpoemsonthebus.I’mnotsurprisedJ.K.RowlingwroteHarryPotteronthetrain.

Onthelastdayofthechallenge，IfeltlikeIcouldfinallyreturnfrommytravel.Strangely，thefirstdayofmyrenewedcarfreedomwasn’tasexcitingasIimagined.Oncethechancesarose，choosingacaroveragreenertravelbecamelessattractive.Whysitinthelonelypassenger’sseatwhenIcouldchooseanyfreeseatIwantedonabus？

Besides，walkingortakingthebuscanhelpourenvironment.Sincetherearesomanybenefitsofwalkingortakingthebus，whynotwalkortakethebusmore?

语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。

作者接受了一周不乘坐小汽车的挑战，在这个过程中，他发现了走路和乘坐公共汽车的好处。

5.Whydidtheauthorusethecaronthefourthday?

A.Becausehehadgottiredoftakingabus.

B.Becausethereweren’tmanybusesthatday.

C.Becausehereallymissedthepassenger’sseat.

D.Becausehedidn’twanttobelateforhisclass.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段的内容可知，作者选择乘坐小汽车是不想上课迟到，故选D。

6.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thebenefitsofwalkingortakingabus.

B.Thepoemstheauthorwroteonthebus.

C.Theactivitiestheauthoroftendidonthebus.

D.Theinterestingpeopletheauthormetonthebus.

答案　A

解析　段落大意题。

第四段第一句“However，afteraweek，Irealizedthattherearealotofbenefitsofwalkingortakingthebus.”为这一段的主旨句，主要是讲走路和乘坐公共汽车的好处，故选A。

7.Wecaninferthatnowtheauthor.

A.hasdecidednevertousehisfamily’scaragain

B.isafraidofgoingsomewherefarbybus

C.doesn’tlikelisteningtothecarradiowhenheisinthecar

D.ismorewillingtogetaroundonfootorbybus

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据末段末句“Sincetherearesomanybenefitsofwalkingortakingthebus，whynotwalkortakethebusmore？

”可推断作者现在比以前更愿意走路或乘坐公共汽车了。

故选D。

3

话题：

梵高简介

难度：

★★

建议用时：

7分钟

Inthespringof1878，VincentvanGoghturned25.Ashelookedbackoverhisshortlife，theDutchmanfoundlittletocelebrateamongtheendeavorsofhisfalteringcareer.Byconventional，middle-classstandards，hewasafailure.Afteracoupleofdead-endteachingjobsinEngland，aswellasashort，forgettablespellworkinginabookshopinDordrecht，hemovedtoAmsterdamtobecomeaministerofreligion，followinginhisfather’sfootsteps.Attheendof1878，hesetoffforthedepressedcoalminingdistrictoftheBorinagetothewestofthecityofMonsinBelgium，determinedtoestablishhimselfasapreacherfortheworkingclass.

There，helivedinahumblehut，gaveawaymuchofhismoney，andchangedhissmartclothesintothepracticalwork-wearoftheBorins.Unfortunately，hewasnotagiftedspeaker，sohismeetingsweresparselyattended.Hisinabilitytoconnectwiththelocalcoalminerswascompoundedbyapracticallinguisticdifficulty：

hecouldn’tmakeheadortailoftheirquick-fireregionaldialectknownas“WalloonFrench”whiletheyweremystifiedbyhisownattemptsatFrench，whichtotheirearssoundedoverlyformal.InJuly1879，onlyhalfayearafterhehadarrivedintheregion，hereceivedanothersetback：

theauthoritiesterminatedhistrialreligiousappointment.

Yetitwasatthisrock-bottommomentthatvanGogh，now26，startedtodraw.“Ioftenfeelhomesickforthecountryofpaintings，”hewrotetohisbrotherTheointhesummerof1880.Hefeltsympathyfortheworking-classminers.Forthefirsttimeinhislife，middle-classvanGoghwasfriendswithpoor，working-classpeople.Thepeoplewerepoorandilliterate，andtheirworkwashardanddangerous.YetforvanGogh，therewassomekindofbiggertruthintheirsimplewayoflife.Afterhebecameanartist，hechosetofindhissubjectmatterthere.Likeartiststhatheadmired，suchasJean-FrancoisM