考研必备考研英语真题及解析.docx

考研必备考研英语真题及解析.docx

《考研必备考研英语真题及解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研必备考研英语真题及解析.docx（126页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

考研必备考研英语真题及解析

2

001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

PartIClozeTest

Directions：

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked

A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1

[

byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.（10points）

Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyup

peopleinvolvedinprominentcases

Inasignificantoflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLord

Chancellor,willintroduceabillthatwillproposemakingpaymentsto

1

thetrialofRosemaryWest.

2

3

witnesses

toacase

4

6

andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof

atrialbegins.

5

thatcanbegiven

InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselect

committee,LordIrvinesaidhe

thatselfregulationdidnot

7

withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaid

8

sufficientcontrol.

9

ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda

10

ofmedia

protestwhenhesaidthe

11

ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropean

12toParliament.

legislationwouldbelefttojudges

TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which

EuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally14inBritain,laiddownthat

everybodywas15toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotect

themselvesandtheirfamilies.

Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands

Witnesspaymentsbecamean17

sentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere

13

the

“

16

afterWestwassentencedto10life

18tohavereceivedpaymentsfor

19witnessesmight

guiltyverdicts.

ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.

tellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised

beencouragedexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto20

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

1

.［A］asto

［B］forinstance［C］inparticular

［B］intensifying［C］focusing

［D］suchas

［D］fastening

［D］draft

.［A］tightening

.［A］sketch

.［A］illogical

.［A］publicity

.［A］since

［B］rough

［B］illegal

［B］penalty

［B］if

［C］preliminary

［C］improbable

［C］popularity

［C］before

［D］improper

［D］peculiarity

［D］as

.［A］sided

［B］shared

［B］offer

［B］Publication

［B］rage

［C］complied

［C］manifest

［C］Printing

［C］flare

［D］agreed

.［A］present

.［A］Release

0.［A］storm

［D］indicate

［D］Exposure

［D］flash

1.［A］translation［B］interpretation［C］exhibition

［D］demonstration

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2.［A］betterthan［B］otherthan

［C］ratherthan

［C］sets

［D］soonerthan

［D］turns

3.［A］changes

4.［A］binding

［B］makes

［B］convincing

［C］restraining

［C］entitled

［C］from

［D］sustaining

［D］qualified

［D］by

5.［A］authorized［B］credited

6.［A］with

［B］to

7.［A］impact

8.［A］stated

9.［A］what

［B］incident

［B］remarked

［B］when

［C］inference

［C］said

［D］issue

［D］told

［C］which

［D］that

0.［A］assure

［B］confide

［C］ensure

［D］guarantee

PartIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestions

therearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefully

andchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWER

SHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.（40

points）

Passage1

Specialisationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasing

accumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterinto

smallerunits，onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthe

basisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelated

developmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthe

growingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursin

science:

exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Nevertheless,theword“amateur”

doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothe

scientificcommunityand,inparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowth

ofspecialisationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofa

longer,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipation

inscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebased

especiallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedinterms

ofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalf

revealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoa

changingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthe

nineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchin

theirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasingly

becomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,the

widergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocal

studiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessional

geologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythe

widespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenth

centuryandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.As

alogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimed

mainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocess

ofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationally

withinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeitherto

remaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.

Althoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywell

underwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequences

werethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,the

nineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthe

structureofscience.

2

1.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseenin

sciencessuchas_______.

[

[

AJsociologyandchemistry

C]sociologyandpsychology

[B]physicsandpsychology

[D]physicsandchemistry

2

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.

[

[

[

[

A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecialisationandprofessionalisation

B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience

C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity

D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones

2

2

3.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate______.

[

[

[

[

A]theprocessofspecialisationandprofessionalisation

B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy

C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications

D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs

4.Thedirectreasonforspecialisationis_______.

[

[

[

[

A]thedevelopmentincommunication

B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation

C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge

D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties

Passage2

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-the

divisionoftheworldintotheinfo（information）richandtheinfopoor.Andthat

dividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwenty

yearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthat

workagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.Asthe

Internetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusiness

touniversalizeaccess-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential

customersthereare.Moreandmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft

behind,wanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwo

billionpeopleontheplanetwillhenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelieve

thedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.Andthatis

verygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombating

worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.And

theInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.

Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetoget

overtheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.

Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereignty

mightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure（thebasicstructuralfoundations

ofasociety）intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrial

infrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’s

SecondWaveinfrastructure-includingroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-were

builtwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrench

wereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericans

builtthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow?

TheAmericans.Ibelievethesamethingwould

betrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.Themoreforeign

capitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructure,whichtodayis

anelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn'tmean

lyingdownandbecomingfooled,orlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.

Butitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyand

telecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

2

2

2

5.Digitaldivideissomething_______.

[

[

[

[

A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

C]the