A composite monetary policy indicator Variance decompositions.docx

A composite monetary policy indicator Variance decompositions.docx

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AcompositemonetarypolicyindicatorVariancedecompositions

EthicalconsiderationsbehindthelimitationofcardiopulmonaryresuscitationinHungary–theroleofeducationandtraining  OriginalResearchArticle

Resuscitation,Volume64,Issue1,January2005,Pages71-77

GáborÉlő,CsabaDiószeghy,MártaDobos,MátyásAndorka

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AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Introduction:

Althoughthelongtermsuccessofcardiopulmonaryresuscitation（CPR）isstilllessthanhopedfor,itsvaluecannotbequestionedwhencarriedoutappropriatelyinselectedcases.Resuscitationfrequentlybringsonlyshort-termsuccess,andseveralpatientssuffersevereconsequencesalsocausinganeconomic,medicalandethicalburdentosociety.Theissueoflimitationofresuscitation,includingDoNotAttemptResuscitation（DNAR）andtheterminationofresuscitationhasbeensurveyedinmanyEuropeancountriesusingastructuredquestionnaire.InHungarynosuchcomprehensivestudyhasbeenconductedyet.ThegoalofthisinvestigationwastorecognisetheethicalfactorslimitingresuscitationinHungary.

Methods:

Wecontacted72doctorspersonallyduring2003,whowereworkingactivelyatanintensivecareunit（ICU）andaskedthemtoanswerastructuredquestionnaireinstrictanonymity.Weinvestigatedtheroleofdifferentethicalissuesinbeginningandsuspendingresuscitationeffortsinconjunctionwithmedicalexperience,sex,ideology,andeducationusingafivepointvisualanaloguescale.Theanswersgivenwerecategorisedtoautonomy,futility,obtainablequalityoflife,resourceutilization,andto“another”categorydetailedlateron.ThequestionnaireandtheplanofthisinvestigationwasapprovedbytheSemmelweisMedicalUniversity'sEthicalCommitee（SE-TUKEB109/2003）.

Results:

Thedecisionnottoattemptresuscitationwasmostlydictatedbytheopinionoftheheadofdepartmentandthedoctorinchargeofthepatient（3.53±1.30）,andafterthisthepresumedobtainablequalityoflife（3.13±1.40）,objectivefutility（3.11±0.94）,andpatientautonomy（2.02±1.63）.Theotherobjective（0.57±1.59）,andsubjective（1.04±1.21）factors,aswellasresourceutilization（0.29±0.66）playedalessimportantrole.Thedecisiontoterminateresuscitationeffortswasmostlydictatedbytheobjectivefutilitycriteria（3.39±0.88）,obtainablequalityoflife（3.31±1.50）,subjectivefutility（3.19±1.47）,andautonomy（1.57±1.67）toasmallerextent.Amongthedoctorswhoparticipatedinanappropriate-aninternationallyaccredited（ERC/RC（UK）/AHA）-AdvancedLifeSupport（ALS）training-thefrequencyoftheappearanceoftheprincipleofmodernbioethics-suchasautonomy-wassignificantlyhigherandthesametendencycouldbeobservedinthosewhocompletedtheirstudiesatthemedicaluniversityinthelast5years.

Conclusions:

TheresultsunderlinetheoriginalpresumtionthattheHungarianresuscitationpracticeisatfirstinfluencedbyprofessional（or“thoughttobeprofessional”）standpoints.Thequalityoflife,andpatientautonomyplaysanimportantroleinthedecisionmakingaboutlimitationofresuscitationefforts.CurrentCPReducationemphasizestheimportanceofethicalconsiderations,andthiscouldbeobservedclearlyintheanswers.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Method

3.Results

3.1.Respondents

3.2.FactorsinfluencingDNARdecision

3.3.Theroleoftrainingandeducation

3.4.Terminationofresuscitation

4.Conclusions

5.Summary

6.Conflictofintereststatementofauthors

Acknowledgements

AppendixA.Supplementarydata

References

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KnowledgeManagement:

TheBibliography（ASISTMonographSeries）,:

compiledbyPaulBurden.Medford,NJ:

InformationToday,Inc.,2000.181p.$22.50（paper）ISBN1-57387-101-X  

SerialsReview,Volume27,Issue2,August2001,Pages66-67

JeanA.Thompson

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Noabstractisavailableforthisarticle.

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StickyinformationandheterogeneousneedsasdeterminingfactorsofR&Dcooperationwithcustomers  OriginalResearchArticle

ResearchPolicy,Volume38,Issue10,December2009,Pages1590-1603

GloriaSánchez-González,NuriaGonzález-Álvarez,MarianoNieto

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Abstract

Theaimofthisworkistoinvestigatethefactorsdeterminingcooperationindevelopinginnovationsbetweenfirmsandaspecificgroupofagents,customersandusers.Thecentralpointoftheanalysisistwovariablesrecognisedinpreviousstudiesasimportantfactorsinthestudyofcooperationwiththeseagents,butwhichbasicallyhavebeendealtwithfromapurelytheoreticalviewpoint.Thesevariablesare:

（1）theexistenceofstickyinformation（informationwhichiscostlytoobtain,transferanduse）and

（2）thepresenceofheterogeneousneedsinthemarket.Regardingthefirstvariable,wehavealsotakenintoaccounttwokindsofinformationwhichcanbesticky:

informationonneedsandinformationoftechnologicalnature.Thefindingsobtained,usingaSpanishsampleoffirms,showclearlythatallthesethreefactorsexertapositiveinfluenceoncooperativerelationshipswiththeseagents.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Cooperationwithcustomersorusers

3.Stickyinformationandheterogeneityofneeds

3.1.Stickyinformation

3.2.Heterogeneityofneeds

4.Methodology

4.1.Sample

4.2.Selectionofvariables

4.2.1.Dependentvariable

4.2.2.Explanatoryvariables

4.2.3.Controlvariables

5.Descriptiveanalysis

6.Results

7.Discussionandconclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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SheepfarmsintheSpanishrangelands（dehesas）:

Typologiesaccordingtolivestockmanagementandeconomicindicators  OriginalResearchArticle

SmallRuminantResearch,Volume74,Issues1-3,January2008,Pages52-63

P.Gaspar,M.Escribano,F.J.Mesías,A.RodriguezdeLedesma,F.Pulido

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Abstract

Forty-sixdehesasheepfarmsofExtremadura（SWSpain）wereanalyzedonthebasisofpreviouslydeterminedtechnicalandeconomicindicators.Aprincipalcomponentanalysisgavefiveprincipalcomponents–relatedtointensification,profitability,andlivestockmix–thatcharacterizedthefarms.Usingmultivariatetechniquesbasedonthesefactors,afarmtypologywasestablishedwithsixcategories—threeofsheepaloneatdifferentlevelsofintensification,andthreeofsheepincombinationwithbeefcattleorIberianpig.Thistypologyenabledhomogeneousgroupsoffarmstobeconsideredforpossibleadministrativeactionsrelatingtotheiroptimaldimensionsandstockingrates.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Materialsandmethods

2.1.Studyarea

2.2.Datacollectionandquestionnairedesign

2.3.Methodologicalcriteriaandcreationoftheindicators

2.4.Statisticalanalyses

3.Resultsanddiscussion

3.1.Studyofthetechnicalindicators

3.2.Economicresults

3.3.Theprincipalcomponentsthatcharacterizethefarms

3.3.1.Principalcomponent1:

Levelofintensification

3.3.2.Principalcomponent2:

Profitability

3.3.3.Principalcomponent3:

Combinationsheepandpiglivestockorientation

3.3.4.Principalcomponent4:

Labourmanagementanditsrelationshipwiththestockingrate

3.3.5.Principalcomponent5:

Sheepandcattle-stockingratelevels

3.4.Establishmentofthetypology

3.4.1.Group1（19.6%ofthefarms）:

Sheepfarmsoflargesize,complementedwithcattleandIberianpig

3.4.2.Group2（30.4%）:

Sheepfarmswithverylowstockingrates

3.4.3.Group3（17.4%）:

Mixedsheep–cattlefarms

3.4.4.Group4（10.9%）:

Iberianpigfarmsinwhichsheepmakeuseofthepasture

3.4.5.Group5（10.9%）:

Sheepfarmswithhighstockingratesandlowprofitability

3.4.6.Group6（10.9%）:

Smallsheepfarmswithhighstockingrates

4.Summaryandconclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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XPDRLproject:

ImprovingtheprojectdocumentationqualityintheSpanisharchitectural,engineeringandconstructionsector  OriginalResearchArticle

AutomationinConstruction,Volume19,Issue2,March2010,Pages270-282

ÁngelMena,FernandoLópez,JoséManuelFramiñan,FranciscoFlores,JuanManuelGallego

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Abstract

InthispaperwediscusstheresultsofaresearchprojectcalledeXtensibleProjectDocumentationReportingLanguage（XPDRL）.ThemainobjectiveofthisprojectistoimprovethequalityofthecoreprojectdocumentationthatservesforsupportingtheconstructionworksinSpainandtofacilitateanefficientexchangeofinformationbetweenthestakeholdersintheSpanishArchitecturalEngineeringandConstructionsector,inparticulartheirrelationshipwiththeProfessionalAssociationsandSpanishcontrolpublicbodies.Startingfromthepremisethathighqualityprojectdocumentationisthebasicpreconditionforagoodqualityinallthephasesofthewholebuildingsandfacilitieslifecycle,theprojectisbasedonInternet,XBRL（eXtensibleBusinessReportingLanguage）andthenewSpanishstandardsaboutthequalityintheprojectdocumentation（UNE157000series）.Asaresult,anewsetofXBRLtaxonomiesh