田静语法64课时讲义.docx

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田静语法64课时讲义

全真题演练

第一局部简单句

第一章简单句的核心

第一节简单句的核心构成

1.主谓=主语+不与物动词(vi.)

Smallerspeciessurvived.(2006,Readingprehension,PartAText3)

Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.(2014,Readingprehension,Part

AText1)

2.主谓宾=主语+与物动词(vt.)+宾语

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.(2005,Readingprehension,PartA,Text1)

Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.(2011,Readingprehension,PartB)

…veryfewwomenhave15children.(2000,Readingprehension,PartAText2)

Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.(2003,Readingprehension,PartAText1)

3.主谓双宾=主语+与物动词(vt.)+两个宾语〔人+物〕

Theygavejusticespermanentpositions...(2012,UseofEnglish)

…railroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate...(2003,Reading

prehension,PartAText3)

4.主谓宾补=主语+与物动词(vt.)+宾语+宾语的补足语〔简称宾补〕

Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen...(2004,Readingprehension,PartAText

1)

Thespookscallit"opensourceintelligence,"...(2003,Readingprehension,

PartAText1)

5.主系表=主语+系动词+表语

Thisisadangerousgame...(2005,Readingprehension,PartA,Text2)

考研真题中常出现的系动词,总结如下:

系动词表达含义真题例句

be单独出现〔无其他实义动词〕“是〞

Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.(2003,Translation)

get/bee/turn/go/grow“变得〞

…theirbehaviorbecamemarkedlydifferent.(2005,Readingprehension,PartA,Text1)

look/sound/smell/taste/feel感官动词“看/听/闻/尝/感觉起来……〞

Theylookcute.(2005,Readingprehension,PartA,Text1)

Andmostfolksstillfeelprettyfortable

abouttheirability...(2004,Readingprehension,PartAText3)

keep/remain/seem/appear/prove

“保持着……〞“似乎……〞“证明出,显示出……〞

Theprospectseemsremote.(2010,Readingprehension,PartAText1)

Nonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.(2012,Translation)

真题演练:

请用下划线标出谓语动词的局部,并判断谓语动词的种类与简单句的种类。

1.…ourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider’.(2009,Readingprehension,PartAText1)——主谓宾补

2.Thehumiliationcontinues.(2004,Readingprehension,PartAText2)——主谓

3.Theputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.(2012,Readingprehension,PartB)——主系表

4.…poetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.(2008,Translation)——主谓双宾

5.…eventheword“habit〞carriesanegativeimplication.(2009,Readingprehension,PartAText1)——主谓宾

第二节简单句的核心变化

一、谓语动词的变化

1.谓语动词的时态

“一般〞时态

一般过去时:

谓语动词=did〔动词的过去式〕

LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence...(2000,

Readingprehension,PartAText4)

6

…thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheworld.(2014,

Readingprehension,PartB)

一般现在时:

谓语动词=do/does〔动词的原形或第三人称单数〕

Sofartheresultsareinconclusive.(2009,UseofEnglish)

Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.(2014,Reading

prehension,PartAText2)

Archaeologistsmonlyuseputerstomapsitesandthelandscapes

aroundsites.(2014,Readingprehension,PartB)

Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.(2000,Readingprehension,PartA

Text2)

Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughinputer-humanlinks.(2001,

Translation)

一般将来时:

谓语动词=will+do或am/is/aregoingto+do

Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.(2004,Readingprehension,PartAText4)

Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonme,too...(2004,Reading

prehension,PartAText3)

…theproblemswillbedifferent.(2002,Readingprehension,PartAText1)

Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisionpaniesaregoingto

beabletopeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.(2005,

Translation)

7

〔一般〕过去将来时:

谓语动词=would+do或was/weregoingto+do

Theygavejusticespermanentpositionssotheywouldbefreetoupsetthose

inpower...(2012,UseofEnglish)

…itsimplydidn’tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.(2012,Reading

prehension,PartAText2)

Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors…wasgoingto

bethenextcasualty.(2000,Readingprehension,PartAText1)

“进展〞时态

过去进展时:

谓语动词=was/were+doing

Hewassearchingfortinyengravedseals...(2014,Readingprehension,

PartB)

Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartford

FinancialServicesGroup...(2011,Readingprehension,PartAText2)

现在进展时:

谓语动词=am/is/are+doing

Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.(2004,Reading

prehension,PartAText3)

Everycatwithanowner…isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperant

conditioning.(2009,UseofEnglish)

8

将来进展时:

谓语动词=willbe+doing〔其中be动词永远用原形be〕

过去将来进展时:

谓语动词=wouldbe+doing〔其中be动词永远用原形be〕

以上两种时态在考研真题当中,几乎不出现,建议考研的同学们不用掌握。

“完成〞时态

过去完成时:

谓语动词=had+done

Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthof

gambling.(2006,Readingprehension,PartB)

Theinterviewershadratedapplicantsonascaleofonetofive.(2013,Useof

English)

…heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchanged

duringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.(2008,Translation)

RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligion...(2007,UseofEnglish)

现在完成时:

谓语动词=have/has+done

Time…hasgiventhemlegitimacy.(2014,Readingprehension,PartAText

3)

TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebeean

importantissuerecently.(2012,UseofEnglish)

Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable...(2011,Reading

prehension,PartAText1)

9

Mostleadingretailershavealreadytriede-merce,withlimitedsuccess,

andexpansionabroad.(2010,Readingprehension,PartB)

Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.(2004,UseofEnglish)

将来完成时:

谓语动词=willhave+done

…relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-television,anddigitalagewillhave

arrived.(2001,Translation)

“完成进展〞时态

现在完成进展时:

谓语动词=have/hasbeen+doing

角度一样都表示“现在的之前〞

两种时态现在完成时

have/has+done

现在完成进展时

have/hasbeen+doing

强调不同强调结果〔做完与否都可以〕强调过程

例句Wehavenotwonthematch.Wehavebeenworkinghardfor

severalmonths.

Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.(2003,Reading

prehension,PartAText1)

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.(2010,

Readingprehension,PartAText4)

10

过去完成进展时:

谓语动词=hadbeen+doing

将来完成进展时:

谓语动词=willhavebeen+doing

以上两种在考研真题中没有出现过,不用掌握。

真题演练:

请用下划线标出谓语动词的局部,并判断谓语动词的时态与时态表达的含义。

1.Amazon.receivedoneforits“one-click〞onlinepaymentsystem.(2010,

Readingprehension,PartAText2)

2.…insectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.(2010,Translation)

3.Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.(2006,Translation)

4.Wewillbeeasecond-ratecountry.(2004,Readingprehension,PartA

Text4)

5.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.

(2006,UseofEnglish)

6.Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.(2008,Reading

prehension,PartAText1)

7.Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinking

seriouslyaboutthatquestion.(2013,Readingprehension,PartAText3)

8.Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.(2000,

Readingprehension,PartAText1)

11

9.By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbee

independentnations.(2007,UseofEnglish)

10.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.(2003,

Readingprehension,PartAText4)

11.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocial

sciencestoo.(2012,Translation)

12.…foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup...

(2000,Readingprehension,PartAText3)

2.谓语动词的情态

考研中常出现的情态动词如下:

现在时过去时

must无

canCould

willWould

shall〔考研真题中不常出现〕Should

mayMight

以上几个情态动词详细用法如下:

情态含义真题例句

12

动词

must“必须〞…wemustalsotreadwithcaution.(2012,ReadingC

omprehension,PartB)

Scientistsmustmunicatetheirmessagetothe

publicinapassionate,understandableway...

(2003,Readingprehension,PartAText2)

can

could

“能够/可

以〞

…andtherightmentalworkoutscansignificantly

improveourbasiccognitivefunctions.(2014,Useof

English)

Similarly,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprove

mood.(2011,UseofEnglish)

will

would

“愿意/将

要〞

〔表示“将要〞

时常用于将来

时态〕

Willyoumarryme?

Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepage...(2008,

Readingprehension,PartB)

Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterest

rates.(2004,Readingprehension,PartAText3)

may

might

“可以/可

能〞

…expressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjust

theotherwayaround.(2011,UseofEnglish)

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp

moderatetheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.(2011,

UseofEnglish)

should“应该〞Americashouldfollow.(2014,Readingprehensi

13

on,PartAText2)

Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshould

seekhelpfromatherapist.(2005,Reading

prehension,PartA,Text3)

除了表示“情绪和态度〞之外,每一个情态动词都能表示推测:

Thedetailsmaybeunknowable...(2010,Readingprehension,PartAText

4)

Suchsearchescantakeyears.(2014,Readingprehension,PartB)

…thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhaveadamagingimpactonour

professional,social,andpersonalwellbeing.(2014,UseofEnglish)

情态动词的用法变体:

…thepeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledtomisleading

interpretationofwhathappened.(2010,UseofEnglish)

Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.(2006,Reading

prehension,PartAText3)

真题演练:

请用下划线标出谓语动词的局部,并找到情态动词,写出含义。

1.Coulditreallybethatsimple?

(2013,Readingprehension,PartAText2)

14

2.Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.(2004,

Readingprehension,PartAText3)

3.Thesecanonlyefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.

(2007,Translation)

4.Insuchacase,thepany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickor

thoughtful...(2011,Readingprehension,PartAText3)

5.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenext...(2008,

Readingprehension,PartB)

6.

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