雅思阅读考试真题17.docx

雅思阅读考试真题17.docx

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雅思阅读考试真题17

2019年雅思考试模考巩固练习试题六

　　SellingDigitalMusicwithoutCopy-protectionMakesSense

　　A.

　　Itwasuncharacteristicallylow-keyfortheindustry’sgreatestshowman.ButtheessaypublishedthisweekbySteveJobs,thebossofApple,onhisfirm’swebsiteundertheunassumingtitle“ThoughtsonMusic”hasnonethelessprovokedavigorousdebateaboutthefutureofdigitalmusic,whichAppledominateswithitsiPodmusic-playerandiTunesmusic-store.Atissueis“digitalrightsmanagement”（DRM）—thetechnologyguardingdownloadedmusicagainsttheft.SincethereisnocommonstandardforDRM,italsohastheside-effectthatsongspurchasedforonetypeofmusic-playermaynotworkonanother.Apple’sDRMsystem,calledFairPlay,isthemostwidespread.SoitcameasasurprisewhenMr.JobscalledforDRMfordigitalmusictobeabolished.

　　B.

　　ThisisachangeoftackforApple.IthascomeunderfirefromEuropeanregulatorswhoclaimthatitsrefusaltolicenseFairPlaytootherfirmshas“lockedin”customers.SincemusicfromtheiTunesstorecannotbeplayedonnon-iPodmusic-players（atleastnotwithoutalotoffiddling）,anyiTunesbuyerwillbedeterredfromswitchingtoadevicemadebyarivalfirm,suchasSonyorMicrosoft.WhenFrenchlawmakersdraftedabilllastyearcompellingAppletoopenupFairPlaytorivals,thecompanywarnedof“state-sponsoredpiracy”.OnlyDRM,itimplied,couldkeepthepiratesatbay.

　　C.

　　ThisweekMr.JobsgaveanotherexplanationforhisformerdefenceofDRM：

therecordcompaniesmadehimdoit.TheywouldmaketheirmusicavailabletotheiTunesstoreonlyifAppleagreedtoprotectitusingDRM.TheycanstillwithdrawtheircataloguesiftheDRMsystemiscompromised.ApplecannotlicenseFairPlaytoothers,saysMrJobs,becauseitwoulddependonthemtoproducesecurityfixespromptly.AllDRMdoesisrestrictconsumerchoiceandprovideabarriertoentry,saysMrJobs;withoutittherewouldbefarmorestoresandplayers,andfarmoreinnovation.So,hesuggests,whynotdoawaywithDRMandsellmusicunprotected?

“Thisisclearlythebestalternativeforconsumers,”hedeclares,“andApplewouldembraceitinaheartbeat.”

　　D.

　　Whythesuddenchangeofheart?

MrJobsseemschieflyconcernedwithgettingEurope’sregulatorsoffhisback.RatherthancomplainingtoAppleaboutitsuseofDRM,hesuggests,“thoseunhappywiththecurrentsituationshouldredirecttheirenergiestowardspersuadingthemusiccompaniestoselltheirmusicDRM-free.”Twoandahalfofthefourbigrecordcompanies,hehelpfullypointsout,areEuropean-owned.MrJobsalsohopestopainthimselfasaconsumerchampion.AppleresentsaccusationsthatithasbecometheMicrosoftofdigitalmusic.

　　E.

　　Applecanaffordtoembraceopencompetitioninmusicplayersandonlinestores.Consumerswouldgravitatetothebestplayerandthebeststore,andatthemomentthatstillmeansApple’s.MrJobsisevidentlyunfazedbyrivalstotheiPod.Sinceonly3%ofthemusicinatypicaliTuneslibraryisprotected,mostofitcanalreadybeusedonotherplayerstoday,henotes.（AndeventheprotectedtrackscanbeburnedontoaCDandthenre-ripped.）SoApple’sdominanceevidentlydependsfarmoreonbrandingandeaseofusethanDRM-related“lockin”.

　　F.

　　ThemusicgiantsaretryingDRM-freedownloads.Lotsofsmallerlabelsalreadysellmusicthatway.Havingseenwhichwaythewindisblowing,MrJobsnowwantstobeseennotasDRM’sdefender,butasaconsumerchampionwhohelpedinitsdownfall.Wouldn’titleadtoasurgeinpiracy?

No,becausemostmusicisstillsoldunprotectedonCDs,peoplewishingtostealmusicalreadycandoso.Indeed,scrappingDRMwouldprobablyincreaseonline-musicsalesbyreducingconfusionandincompatibility.Withtheleadingonlinestore,Applewouldbenefitmost.MrJobs’sargument,inshort,istransparentlyself-serving.Italsohappenstoberight.

　　Questions1-7

　　DothefollowingstatemetsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterinReadingPassage1?

　　WriteyouranswerinBoxes1-7onyouranswersheet.

　　TRUEifthestatementrefletstheclaimsofthewriter

　　FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter

　　NOTGIVENifitisimpossbiletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

　　1.AppleenjoysacontrollingpositionindigitalmusicmarketwithitsiPodmusic-playerandiTunesmusic-store.

　　2.DRMisagovernmentdecreeissuedwithapurposetoprotectdownloadedmusicfromtheftbyconsumers.

　　3.LackofstandardizationinDRMmakessongsboughtforonekindofmusicplayermaynotfunctiononanother.

　　4.ApplehasbeencriticizedbyEuropeanregulatorssinceithasrefusedtograntalicenseFairPlaytootherfirms.

　　5.Allmusiccanbeeasilyplayedonnon-iPodmusicdevicesfromSonyorMicrosoftwithouttoomuchfiddling.

　　6.AppledependsfarmoreonDRMratherthanbrandingforitsdominanceofthedigitalmusicdevices.

　　7.IfDRMwascancelled,Sonywouldcertainlydominatetheinternationaldigitalmusicmarket.

　　Questions8-10

　　ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes8-10onyouranswesheet.

　　8.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMr.Jobs’ideaofDRMisNOTTRUE?

　　A.DRMplacesrestrictionsonconsumer’choiceofdigitalmusicproductsavailable.

　　B.DRMcomplesiTunesbuyerstoswitchtoadevicemadebySonyorMicrosoft.

　　C.DRMconstitutesabarrierforpotentialconsumerstoenterdigitalmusicmarkets.

　　D.DRMhindersdevelopmentofmorestoresandplayersandtechnicalinnovation.

　　9.Theword“unfazed”inline3ofparagraphE,means___________.

　　A.refused

　　B.welcomed

　　C.notbothered

　　D.notwellreceived

　　10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEifDRMwasscapped?

　　A.Sonywouldgainthemostprofit.

　　B.Morecustomerswouldbe“lockedin”.

　　C.Asuddenincreaseinpiracywouldoccur.

　　D.Online-musicsaleswouldprobablydecrease.

　　Questions11-14

　　Completethenotesbelow.

　　ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromReadingPassage1foreachanswer.

　　Writeyouranswersinboxes11-14onyouranswersheet.

　　Mr.SteveJobs,thebossofApple,explainsthereasonwhyheusedtodefendDRM,sayingthatthecompanywasforcedtodoso：

therecordcompanieswouldmaketheirmusicaccessibleto…11...onlyiftheyagreedtoprotectitusingDRM;theycanstill…12…iftheDRMsystemiscompromised.HealsoprovidesthereasonwhyAppledidnotlicenseFairPlaytoothers：

thecompanyreliesonthemto…13….ButnowhechangeshismindwithapossibleexpectationthatEurope’sregulatorswouldnottroublehimanymoreinthefuture.Heproposesthatthosewhoareunsatisfactorywiththecurrentsituationindigitalmusicmarketshould…14…towardspersuadethemusiccompaniestoselltheirmusicDRM-free.

　　PartII

　　NotestoReadingPassage1

　　1.low-key：

　　抑制的，受约束的，屈服的

　　2.showman：

　　展开览会的人,出风头的人物

　　3.unassuming：

　　谦逊的,不夸耀的,不装腔作势的

　　4.iPod：

　　（苹果公司出产的）音乐播放器

　　5.iTunesstore：

　　（苹果公司出产的）在线音乐商店

　　6.getoffperson'sback：

　　不再找某人的麻烦，摆脱某人的纠缠

　　7.gravitate：

　　受吸引，倾向于

　　8.unfazed：

　　不再担忧，不被打扰

　　PartIII

　　KeysandexplanationstotheQuestions1-13

　　1.TRUE

　　SeethesecondsentenceinParagraphA“…thefutureofdigitalmusic,whichAppledominateswithitsiPodmusic-playerandiTunesmusic-store.”

　　2.FALSE

　　SeethethirdsentenceinParagraphA“…Atissueis“digitalrightsmanagement”（DRM）—thetechnologyguardingdownloadedmusicagainsttheft.”

　　3.TRUE

　　SeethefourthsentenceinParagraphA“SincethereisnocommonstandardforDRM,italsohastheside-effectthatsongspurchasedforonetypeofmusic-playermaynotworkonanother.”

　　4.TRUE

　　SeethesecondsentenceinParagraphB“IthascomeunderfirefromEuropeanregulatorswhoclaimthatitsrefusaltolicenseFairPlaytootherfirmshas“lockedin”customers.”

　　5.NOTGIVEN

　　ThethirdsentenceinParagaphBonlymentionsmusicfromtheiTunesstore,nothingaboutthatofSonyorMicrosoft.“SincemusicfromtheiTunesstorecannotbeplayedonnon-iPodmusic-players（atleastnotwithoutalotoffiddling）.”

　　6.FALSE

　　SeethelastsentenceinParagraphE“SoApple’sdominanceevidentlydependsfarmoreonbrandingandeaseofusethanDRM-related“lockin”.

　　7.NOTGIVEN

　　SeethefourthsentenceinParagraphFonlymentionsmusicgenerally,noparticularinformationaboutbusinessprospectofSony“Indeed,scrappingDRMwouldprobablyincreaseonline-musicsalesbyreducingconfusionandincompatibility.”

　　8.B

　　SeethefourthsentenceofParagraphC“AllDRMdoesisrestrictconsumerchoiceandprovideabarriertoentry,saysMrJobs;withoutittherewouldbefarmorestoresandplayers,andfarmoreinnovation.”

　　9.C

　　SeethethirdsentenceofParagraphEandthecontext“MrJobsisevidentlyunfazedbyrivalstotheiPod.Sinceonly3%ofthemusicinatypicaliTuneslibraryisprotected,mostofitcanalreadybeusedonotherplayerstoday.”

　　10.A

　　SeethelastfoursentencesofParagraphF“Wouldn’titleadtoasurgeinpiracy?

No,becausemostmusicisstillsoldunprotectedonCDs,peoplewishingtostealmusicalreadycandoso.Indeed,scrappingDRMwouldprobablyincreaseonline-musicsalesbyreducingconfusionandincompatibility.Withtheleadingonlinestore,Applewouldbenefitmost.”

　　11.theiTunesstore

　　SeethesecondsentenceofParagraphC“TheywouldmaketheirmusicavailabletotheiTunesstoreonlyifAppleagreedtoprotectitusingDRM.”

　　12.withdrawtheircatalogues

　　SeethethirdsentenceofParagraphC“TheycanstillwithdrawtheircataloguesiftheDRMsystemiscompromised.”

　　13.producesecurityfixes

　　Seethe