翻译精华二.docx
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翻译精华二
Exercise12
1.Hewalksassoftly1asifhehadapairof2furboots.
2.Imadeacountenance3asifIwouldeatthemalive4.-----Gulliver’sTravels.
3.Heturnsawayfrommeasthoughhedidnotknowme.
4.Theyonder5mountainappearsasifitwerecoveredwithsnow.
5.Hespeaksasifhehadknownthismatter.
Notes
1.轻,无声2.万一3.状态4.生,活的5.远处的,彼处的
13.Youmightaswelladvisemetogiveupmyfortuneasmyargument.----Vicarofwakefield
译文:
君若可勤于抛弃余之--,之可勤余舍弃余之财产也。
公式一:
Might+aswell+verbobjective(orinfinitive)用以表示两种假设之事,译为【若使甲事可以则乙事亦可以】,含有【甲事既不能乙事亦不可能】译为汉文,当用【若……可以,犹……可以;或设……可,犹……可】。
例一:
Youmightaswelltrytolivewithouteatingastoimprovewithoutstudying
君之不读书而求进步犹之不食而求生也
例二:
Youmightaswillmakethemountaintorrentstandstillonthebrowofaprecipiceaspreventhimfromparticipatingthewar
君若可阻彼不加入战事,犹之可使山中激流停止于峭壁之额也
公式二:
May+as+well+verb+objectorinfinitive用于表示两种事物之可能者,含【甲事既能乙事亦能】之意;译为汉文,当用【…之可犹…之可】。
例如
Youmayaswellcallacatalittletigeraswellcallatigerabigcat
君之可呼猫为小虎,犹之可呼虎为大猫
注意一:
本句与第六句不同。
第六句aswill用adverb表示【亦有】,故与too,also等字同功用;本句则以甲事解明乙事,用mightaswill表示二事皆不能,mayaswell表示二事皆可能。
注意二:
本句公式无论是用may或用might,皆表示现在时侯(presenttense);may为可能式(potentialmood),might为假设式(subjunctivemood)
注意三:
有的时候句中仅用mightaswell部分,其as所连之部分则省略之,全文之意义可按前后文之关系而定,例如
Aswellmightthemountaincurrentstandstillonthebrowofaprecipice.
(为此事者)犹使山中急流停止于悬崖峭壁也。
注意四:
mayormightaswell有时含有【hadbetterthan】之意,译为汉文,为【与其……不如】例如:
Onemaywellnotknowathingatathingatwell,asknowitbutimperfectly.
注意五:
与May+aswell相似而意义不同者,尚有may+well.例解如下
Youmaywellsaythis.
君言此姑且有理。
注:
此式之Well=justly【诚然,有理】故Youmaywellsaythis=Youhavegoodreasontosaythis.
Exercise13
1.Youmightaswellletamaneatyourdinnerasaskhimtodotheworkforyou.
2.Youmayaswellcalladoglittlewolfascallawolfalargedog.
3.Hemaywellbeproudofhissuccess.
4.Wellmaypoetslooktothefallingsnow-flakes1fortheimage2ofpurity3andinnocence4ere5itreceivesthestainofearth.
5.Aswellmighttheglow-worm7match8himselfagainstthelighting9
NOTES
1.雪片2表象3清洁4无暇5先;来6污染7虫害8桔梗9电光
14.Itiswithtimeaswiththecurrentofwater,onceitgoes,itnevercomesbackagain.
翻译:
光阴如流水,一去不复返。
(公式一)it+is/waswith+A(onething)+as+with+B(anotherthing)=AislikeB,译为汉文,当用【犹;如】等字。
全文译为A如B或A犹B。
例一Itiswithidealsaswithpiecesofmoneythoseofleastvaluegenerallycirculatethebest.
思想犹货币,价值小的流通最易。
例二Itiswithstudyingaswitheating;hawhodoesit,getthebenefit.
求学如饮食,得其利者乃躬为其时之人。
公式二:
It+isorwas+in+A(onething)+as+in+B(anotherthing)=It+isorwas+with+A(onething)+as+with+B(anotherthing).故上句可变为:
Itisintimeasinthecurrentofwater;onceitgoes,itnevercomesbackagain.
例一:
Itisinideasasinpiecesofmoney;thoseofleastvaluegenerallycirculatethebest.
例二:
Itisinstudyingasineating;hewhodoesit,getsthebenefit.
公式三:
As+itisorwas+inorwithA,so+itisorwas+inorwithB
=Itisorwas+withorin+A+as+withorin+B故上句可变为
Asitisin(orwith)timesoitisin(orwith)thecurrentofwater;onceitgoes,itnevercomesbackagain.
为此,(例一)Asitisin(orwith)ideassoitisin(orwith)piecesofmoney;thoseofleastvaluegenerallycirculatethebest.
例二:
Asitisin(orwith)studyingsoitisin(with)eating;hewhodoesit,getsthebenefit.
公式四:
Isorwas+like=Itisorwas+withorin+A+as+withorin+B,故上句可变为Timeislikethecurrentofwater;onceitgoesitnevercomesbackagain(翻见上)
为此例一Ideasarelikepiecesofmoney;thoseofleastofvaluegenerallycirculatethebest.(译见上)
例二studyingislikeeating;hewhodoesit,getsthebenefit.
Exercise14
1.Itiswithwordsaswithsunbeans1;themoretheyarecondensed2,thedeepertheyburn3.
2.Itisinbusinessasinway;thenearestoneiscommonlythefoulest4.
3.Itiswithamanaswhichastone;thesmoothest5olls6thefarthest.
4.Asitwithanationsoitiswithahouse;itwillexist7longer,ifitsfoundation8isfirm9.
5.Alieislikethecut10ofasaber11;forthoughthewound12mayheal13,thescar14willremain15.
NOTES
1.光线2.凝结3燃烧4罪恶5最光滑6旋转;滚7存在
8基础9坚固10伤口;割口11剑12伤13医治14伤痕
15遗留
(15).Ihavethesamewatchasyouhave.
译为:
我和你有同样的手表。
(公式一)Thesame+noun+as+subordinateclauses表示两种意义:
a.表示同种之意;译为汉文,当用【同种,同类】等字。
b.表示同为一物之意;译为汉文,当用【同一,一样】等字,究竟为何意,须细查句中名词之意而定,举例说明如下:
(例一):
Ireadthesamebookasyouread.
(例二):
Iwishtoattendthesameschoolasyoudo.
(公式二):
Thesame+noun+as+nounorpronoun.=Thesame+noun+as+subordinateclause.故上句可变为:
Ihavethesamewatchasyours(is).
为此,(例一)Ireadthesamebookasyours(is).
(例二)Iwishtoattendthesameschoolasyours.(is)
(公式三):
Thesame+noun+that+subordinateclause.=Thesame+noun+as+subordinateclause.故上句可变为Ihavethesamewatchthatyouhave.
为此,例一:
Ireadthesamebookthatyouread.
例二Iwishtoattendthesameschoolthatyoudo
注意一Thesame之后随以as,则as后之动词(verb)可用可省(参阅公式一及公式二);若随以that。
则that后之动词必须写出(参阅公式三)
注意二与thesameas相似者,有suchas,亦有两种意思,分解例证如下
(1)suchas=thoseorthat……whoorwhich译为汉文,当用(凡……者)字样。
如
Donotkeepcompanywithsuchmanascannotbenefityou=Doyoukeepcompanywiththosewhocannotbenefityou
莫与无益于君之人为友
(2)Suchas=like译为汉文,当用(如;若)等字。
如
SuchmenasSunYet-SonandWashingtonarerare.
MenlikeSunYet-SonandWashingtonarerare.
人之若孙逸仙及华盛顿者不多也。
注意三Thesame+whenorwhere+subordinateclause或thesame+with+nounorpronoun。
指标是(同一)之意,译时须注意焉
(1)IputitatthesameplacewhereIhadfoundit.
余将此物置于原处(原处即同一之处也)
(2)Atthesametime,whenhewasfightingwithhisadversary,hewassavinghisfriends.
与其敌人交战时,同时救其朋友。
Exercise15
1.Inademocratic1country,peoplearetreatedinthesamewayasnobles2(aretreated.).
2.Heenteredcollegeatthesameageashisbrotherhadenteredthreeyearsearlier.
3.Hediedonthesamedaywhenhewasbore.
4.Iamlivingthesamehousewheremyelderbrotherlivedthreeyearsago.
5.Hispresentfinancial5conditionisaboutthesameasitwastenyearsago.
Notes
1.民主国2.待遇3.贵族4入,进5经济的6情形
(16)Heissoimpolitethatheleavesmyroomwithoutsomuchasspeakingtome.
他如此无理,以至于离开屋时竟不告而别。
公式一:
Without+sosuchas+gerund乃用以表示【虽至微之事亦不肯……】之意;译为汉文,当用【竟不……;甚至不……;既……亦不等句】
例一:
Thisrichmanissostingythathegoesawaywithoutsosuchasgivingapennytothebeggarthoughthelatterentreatshimpiteously
此富人极吝啬,乞丐虽向之哀求,彼竟默然而去不谓一钱。
例二:
Thisboyissonaughtythatheplaysalldaylongwithoutsosuchaspayingattentiontohiaparents’advice
此子非常乖戾,嬉戏终日,对于父母训言,甚至毫不注意
公式二:
Not+such+as+verb=without+sosuchas+gerund,故上句可变为
Heissoimpolitethatwhenheleavesmyroomhedoesnotsosuchasspeaktome.
为此例一Thisrichmanissostingythathegoesawayanddoesnotsosuchasgiveapennytothebeggerthoughthelatterentreatshimpiteously
例二:
Thisboyissonaughtythatheplaysalldaylonganddoesnotsosuchaspayattentiontohisparents’advice
公式三:
Noteven+verb=without+somuchas+gerund,故上句可变为
Heissoimpolitethatwhenheleavesmyroom,hedoesnotevenspeaktome.
为此,例一:
Thisrichmanissostingythathegoesawayanddoesnotevengiveapennytothebeggarthoughthelatterentreatshimpiteously.
例二:
Thisboyissonaughtythatheplaysalldaylonganddoesnotevenpayattentiontohisparents’advice.
注意一:
本句公式not+somuchas与第一章汉译英第十一句的notsomuchAasB不同,第十一句的公式中乃用以权衡二物,含有【与其说A不如说B或者不在A而在B】之意;本公式用以加强语气,等于副词的作用。
注意二:
与本句公式相似者还有Never+somuchas,nothing+somuchas,举例说明如下:
(1)Ihaveneversomuchassetfootontheneighbouringvillage,thoughIhavemovedherealmostamonth.
虽然我已居于此近月,但还未涉足于邻村。
注:
此二式皆用以加强语气,用法与本句各式相同。
Exercise16
1.IfIknewhewassuchacunning1fellowIwouldnotsomuchasspeaktohim.
2.Thisstudentleavestheclassroomwithoutsomuchastellinghisteacher.
3.Thismanissoignorant2thathecannotsomuchasreadhisownname.
4.TheJapaneseinvaded3ShangtungwithoutsomuchaspayingattentiontotheChinesesoverignity4andinternationallaw5.
5.Heissoproudthathedoesnotevenlookatus.
Notes:
1.狡猾2.愚昧,无知3.侵略4主权5国际公法
(17)Thefacilityofcommunicationhasmuchtodowiththedevelopmentofcommerce.
译文:
交通便利与商业的发展大有关系。
公式一:
Tohave+much+todowith=tohave+great+relationwith译为汉文,当为【大有关系,关系紧密】等句。
(例一)Braveryandperseverancehavemuchtodowiththecareerofone’slife.
刚毅及坚忍与人的一生大有关系。
(例二):
Thephysicalsituationofaplacehasmuchtodowiththenatureofitsinhanbitants.
一个地方的天然形势与其居民的性情大有关系。
(注意一)Tohave+todowith=tohaverelationwith表示两物的关系,而二物的关系
比较微弱。
例如;Truegreatnesshaslittletodowithrankorpower.
真正的伟大与职位和权力的关系非常小。
(2)Tohave+something(oranything)+todowith=tohavesome(oranything)relationwith表示两物有关系。
例如:
Thedifferenceindialecthassomethingtodowiththeunionofthepeople,becausemostoftheconflictcomefrommisunderstanding.
言语不通与民族统一有关系,因为大部分冲突源于误会。
b.Hasrankorpoweranythingtodowithtruegreatness?
职位与权力和真实之伟大有关系么?
(3)Tohave+nothing+todowith=tohavenorelationwith表示两物毫无关系。
例如Rankorpowerhasnothingtodowithtruegreatness.
职位及权力与真实之伟大毫无关系。
注意二:
与tohave+much+todowith相似而意义却不同的有tohave+nobusiness(orright)+infinitive.前者表示关系,后者表示权力。
例如:
Officialhavenobusiness(orright)tointerferetheprivateaffairsofthepeople.
官吏无法干涉人民私事之权。
Exercise17
1.Moderneducation1hasmuchtodowiththethoughtofyoungmen.
2.Scientificinvention2hasmuchtodowiththeworldsituation3.
3.Goodhealthhasmuchtodowithaman’scareer4.
4.Thisfellowisnotagoodman,soyoushouldhavenothingtodowithhim
5Youhavenobusiness(orright)totalkawaymybookwithoutmypermission5.
Notes
1.近代教育2。
科学之发明3.局势4.事业5许可
(18)Iliketohavefriendscome.
译文:
我喜欢朋友来访。
公式一:
Tohave+aperson+rootinfinitive有被动及使役两种意义,故有两