高考完型填空讲解.docx

高考完型填空讲解.docx

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高考完型填空讲解

命题趋势分析

近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡化语法结构，重在文意的干扰，即把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。

有时所给的四个选项在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在语篇层面考虑，则不一定正确。

以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。

因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。

命题特点分析

•选作完形填空的短文，有一半以上是记叙文，且主要集中在夹叙夹议的内容上，通常为一篇300词左右的类似人生感悟、心灵鸡汤的小短文，语言地道，文笔优美。

首句不挖空，带领读者进入语境，一定要认真阅读这句话。

这种文章中对形容词和副词的考查往往难度相对较大，此类词汇表达作者态度或情感，需结合文章整体理解。

•突出语篇，强调应用，注重文化。

考生丢分主要原因

•没有遵循合理的答题步骤:

许多同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题。

所以，一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词快速阅读,理清文章大意和基本脉络（可依据语感填空）。

•不注意答题技巧:

忽视文章中上下文之间的照应关系;遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,忽略词汇搭配用法，思维定式或随意作出选择。

常见丢分考点示例

Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir___1__.Thiswasthebeginningofanother__2___dayinNewYorkCity.___3__thisdaywastobedifferent.

1.A.jobsB.homesC.busesD.offices

2.A.workingB.hotC.sameD.ordinary

3.A.AndB.SoC.ButD.Thus

严谨的解题步骤

1.通读全文，总揽全局。

2.逐句分析，确定选项。

3.通盘理解，连贯一致。

4.复读全文，核对答案。

灵活的解题技巧

1.关注固定搭配、掌握同义词的辨析。

2.瞻前顾后、左顾右盼，挖掘文中线索。

3.分清逻辑关系，注意文中表示分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语。

4.充分利用常识。

具体操作中应注意的问题

1.夯实词汇基础，掌握词汇用法。

（1）SoonIhearda＿＿＿＿＿likethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.

A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout

（2）Itsuddenly____methatifwewanttogoonapicnictomorrowwehadbetterdosomepreparationsthisevening.

A.hitonB.struckC.occurredD.drawn

（3）SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel_____whileIwasatcollege.

A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback

2.检索上下文，定位提示词。

（1）Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery＿＿＿＿＿.

A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous

（2）MrsO’Neillasked＿＿＿questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.

A.noB.certainC.manyD.more

（3）ThenextdayJennawenttoseeMrs.Bidenaboutbeingontheschool_____.Mrs.Bidenwasn’tas26（enthusiastic）asJenna.“I’msorry,butwehaveenough27（writer）forthenewspaperalready.（天津）

A.committeeB.newspaperC.radioD.team

3.寻求搭配，注意辨析。

（1）Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself_____somuchmoney.

A.forB.byC.toD.of

（2）Whenwe41（lookat）itasawhole,webegintohavesome_____,whicheventhebestguide-booksdonotanswer.（安徽）

A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions

（3）Theshy,quietfreshmanachievedsuccessthatyear.Iwas_____intheprogramas“StudentArtAssistant”becauseofthetimeandeffortI’dputin.（北京）

A.introducedB.recognizedC.identifiedD.considered

4.进行逻辑推理，从容确定关系。

（1）Itwastakingupagreatdealofmytime,andtheheadmasterofmyschoolgavemeachoice;stayinschoolleavetoworkonmymagazine.

A.besidesB.butC.andD.or

（2）IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon______Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.

A.andB.forC.butD.as

（3）Thetouristpaid700poundsforthepainting,buthe1thathedidn’tknowits2worth.

1.A.promisedB.claimedC.admittedD.permitted

2.A.practicalB.additionalC.adequateD.actual

逻辑关系考察常见陷阱

（1）Theyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.____,nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome.

A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore

（2）…andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange___quitepleasanttaste.

A.besidesB.butC.andD.or

5.利用生活常识，了解相关文化。

（1）Andvideocamerascanbeusedto＿＿people’sactionsathome.

A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch

（2）…,shewasalwayswaitingatthebusstoparound8:

00.On_____days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.

A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy

（3）“1herup”themansaidsoundinglikeanyother2.Whenthetank（油箱）wasfull,Toddquicklyturnedroundand...

1.A.CoverB.FillC.CheckD.Tie

2.A.visitorB.robberC.driverD.rider

（4）Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast1bedandbringhim

thepapersto2.

1.A.toB.atC.inD.by

2.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign

考点分析与实战策略应用

1.MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasa

struggling36,butIalwaysknewhewas37.…henever

criticizedus,butused（praise）tobringoutourbest…fathersaid:

“whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw”.

36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener

37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned

2.Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowing

withtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas（tired）andthe

sametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad27astepandfell,

sendingmynewsuitcase28downthestairs.（全国）

27.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked

28.A.rollingB.passingC.droppingD.turning

3....（finally）Iturnedthekeyinthelockand（pushed）thedooropen,

withDad（still）complaining（抱怨）aboutahurtingkneeorsomething.I

putmyheadin,expectingthe42.Buttomy43,theroom

wasn’temptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintings

onthewall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew

44,dressedneatly.

42.A.worstB.chairC.bestD.tea

43.A.regretB.disappointmentC.surpriseD.knowledge

44.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion

4.…sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs."Damn!

"he

screamed,hisfaceturningred.Iknew（trouble）wasahead.Whenever

Dad'sfaceturnsred,（lookout）!

HowcouldIever（get）himtofinish

unloadingthecar（without）screamingatmeandmakingascenein

frontoftheothergirls,girlsIwouldhavetospendthe（rest）oftheyear

with?

..."findtheroomquickly,"Ithought."Gethimintoachairand

calmeddown."Butthenagain,wouldtherebeachairinRoom316?

Orwoulditbea（n）（empty）room?

...（finally）Iturnedthekeyinthelockand（pushed）thedooropen,with

Dad（still）complaining（抱怨）aboutahurtingkneeorsomething.Iput

myheadin,expectingthe42.Buttomy43,theroomwasn’t

emptyatall.Ithadfurniture,curtains,aTV,andevenpaintingsonthe

wall.Andthenonthewell-madebedsatAmy,mynew44,dressed

neatly.

42.A.worstB.chairC.bestD.tea

43.A.regretB.disappointmentC.surpriseD.knowledge

44.A.roommateB.classmateC.neighborD.companion

5.ClearlyIhadmade30.Ihadstartedtheeveningwantingtohavea

（happy）timewithmydaughterbuthadallowedmydesiretowinto

becomemore（important）thanmyrelationshipwithmydaughter.

WhenIwasachild,mydesiretowin（served）mewell.Asaparent,I

（realized）thatitgotinmyway.SoIhadtochange.（四川）

A.amistakeB.adecisionC.anattemptD.aneffort

6.Themeasureofaman'srealcharacteriswhathewoulddoifhe

knewhewouldneverbefoundout.—ThomasMacaulay...Thereis

nothingreallynewabout（cheating）inexams....shewroteonthe

blackboardthe（above）wordsbyThomasMacaulay....Thirtyyears

afterbeing（introduced）toMacaulay'swords,they（still）seemtome

thebestyardstick（准绳）,becausetheygiveusa（way）tomeasure

ourselvesratherthanothers...（should）thewallet,foundinthestreet,be

putintoapocket（or）turnedovertothepoliceman?

Shouldthe（extra）

changereceivedatthestorebeforgottenor（returned）?

Nobodywill

knowexcept（you）.Butyouhavetolivewithyourself,anditisalways

50tolivewithsomeoneyourespect.（全国）

50.A.easierB.morenaturalC.betterD.morepeaceful

7.MydreamistobethefirstwomanpresidentoftheUnitedStates

whenIgrowup.Why?

Iwantto1thatgirlscanbejustasimportant

asboys.Iwanttobeanddowhatboysareanddo.Mybrotherhasthe

same2.Hewantstobepresidentrightafterme.Oneimportant3

ittakestobepresidentisself-discipline（自我约束）.Whyisself-discipline

4?

Whathappensifyourparentsdon’t5aboutyourgrades?

Doyou

worklesshardor6yourselftodomore?

Duringmynineyearsin

schoolIhave7beentoldthat100%isgoodenough.100%isgood;

110%isbetter.Betterstillis120%.Ihavegot8AssinceImovedto

Bedford.Thegood9arearewardformywork.Myparentsare

justthereto10mebutitisI11dotherealwork.

Anotherimportantcharacteristicisflexibility（随机应变）.Ihavetwo12.Onesideisgentleandtheotheris13.Thesetwosidesare14importanttome.Ihavetoknowwhentobehardandgentleattheright15.Whenakiddoessomethingwrong,youneedtobegentlebutalsoharshtosendtheright16.Youhavetobetough

whenyouare17withabully（欺凌弱小者）.Oneimportant_3__ittakestobepresidentisself-discipline.

I’mtheonlygirlinKungfuclassbuttheboys18mebecausethey

knowI’mastoughasanyboy.Thesecharacteristicswill19metomy

goal.Iwillnever20ordoanyonewrong.I’llbepresidentwhenI

growup.

1.A.imagineB.reportC.speakD.show

2.A.abilityB.goalC.opinionD.invitation

3.A.designB.wayC.characteristicD.pleasure

4.A.importantB.difficultC.practicalD.easy

5.A.talkB.setC.comeD.care

6.A.pushB.enjoyC.teachD.help

7.A.stillB.evenC.neverD.more

8.A.hardB.straightC.highD.valuable

9.A.gradesB.actionsC.mannersD.teachers

10.A.expectB.noticeC.missD.encourage

11.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whom

12.A.ideasB.sidesC.chancesD.values

13.A.toughB.weakC.softD.clever

14.A.hardlyB.finallyC.seriouslyD.equally

15.A.seasonB.timeC.directionD.view

16.A.messageB.orderC.wayD.knowledge

17.A.puttingB.settlingC.dealingD.turning

18.A.regretB.dislikeC.frightenD.respect

19.A.leadB.makeC.inspireD.change

20.A.getawayB.giveupC.driveoffD.diedown

考点分析与实战策略应用

完形主要考查语篇结构（语境理解）

基本原则：

•先完意