专题五时态和语态.docx
《专题五时态和语态.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题五时态和语态.docx（25页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
专题五时态和语态
专题一:
时态和语态
Tensesandvoices
Ⅰ.TypesofTenses:
英语动词有16种时态，现以动词do为例，列表如下：
indefinite
continuous
perfect
perfectcontinuous
Present
do/does
am/is/aredoing
have/hasdone
have/hasbeendoing
Past
did
was/weredoing
haddone
hadbeendoing
Future
shall/willdo
shall/willbedoing
shall/willhavedone
shall/willhavebeendoing
Futurein
thepast
should/would
do
should/wouldbedoing
should/wouldhavedone
should/wouldhavebeendoing
Ⅱ.Usagesofmaintenses:
1.Generalpresenttense:
1）.truthorfact（it’snotchangedaccordingtothetime）:
eg.
a.Light_______（travel）fasterthansound.
b.Ourteacheroftentoldussuccess______（lie）inhardwork.
c.Everyculture______（have）itsownwaytoshowfriendship.
2）.actionofhabitsorfrequency:
eg.
a._____youliketohavemilkandeggsinthemorning?
_____youliketohavemilkandeggsthismorning?
A.WouldB.Do
b.He_______（play）tabletennisquitewell,buthe______（lose）thematchthistime.
3）.dependentclause（在含时间和条件状语从句中表示将来）：
eg.
a.Don’tforgettotelephonemethemomentyou_______（arrive）.
b.Whoever______（break）thelawwillbepunished.
c.Weshallstayathomeifit______（rain）tomorrow.
4）.Expressthefuture:
表示按计划、安排好将来必定要发生的动作或存在的状态（句中常带有时间状语）,但限于少数动词：
begin,start,leave,come,go,fall,open,close,stop,return,arriveetc.eg.
a.Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.
b.Mr.Smitharrivesin10minutes.
c.Father’sbirthdayfallsonJuly1.
2.Thepresentcontinuoustense（bedoing）
1）.Continuous:
2）.showone’sfeelingslikelove,hate,sorrow,orhappiness.Eg.
a.You’redisappointing;you’realwaysleavingthingsabout.
b.Ican’tstandourstudentsarealwaystalkinginclass.
3）.Thetemporarinessofaction（动作的暂时性）:
eg.
a.
b.--Doyouworkhere?
--No.I（help）outuntilthenewsecretarycomes.
c.--CanIhelpyou?
--I’dlikeajacket.
--Thejackets（hang）there.
4）.Expressthefuture:
表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中带有时间状语）,但限于少数动词：
begin,start,leave,come,go,open,close,stop,return,arriveetc.
—I’vewonadouble-holidaytickettoHongKong.
—I’mtakingmywifethere.
3.thepresentperfecttense（have/hasdone）
1）.Definition.
2）.timeadverbials:
bynow,sofar,sincethen,recently,lately,inrecentyears,inthelast/pastect.
3）.Continuousverbs/notuncontinuousverbs+forsometime/since-clause:
eg.
a.Hegraduatedfrommiddleschool3yearsago.（right）
b.Hehasgraduatedfrommiddleschoolfor3years.（wrong）
c.Tomhasworkedhardsinceheenteredthefactory.
d.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforyears/sinceIworkedinthefactory.
e.--IsLaoLiworkinginthecompany?
--____,it’sfouryearssinceheenteredthecompany.
--____,it’sfouryearssinceheworkedhere.
A.YesB.No
4）.
a.Theprice（godown）,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.
b.—Haveyouseenthefilm?
---Yes,I（see）itinJapan.
c.—Whyishesohappy?
---He（win）thefirstLottery（头彩）
5）.
a.I_____（play）ping-pongquitewell,butI_______（nothave）timetoplaysincelastyear.
b.—Youaredrinkingtoomuch.
—Onlyathome,noone______（see）mebutyou.
6）.
a.Lookatourgreatarmy.They________（fight）againstthefloodfor10days.
b.--It_____（rain）heavilyfortwodays.
--Howbad.Ifonlytherainstoppednow.
4.Thepasttenses:
1）.
a.Theybuiltapowerstationlastwinter.
b.Theywerebuildingapowerstationlastwinteranditwillbecompletedthisautumn.
c.--Hewasalwaysbreakingglasses.
--Oh,no.Heonly______（break）oneglass.
d.AnewTVplay______（show）onTVwhenwegothomelastnight.
2）.
a.Hehadinventedthemachinebytheendof1982.
b.Heinventedthemachineattheendof1982.
c.--Wereyouintimetostophimsellingit?
--No.WhenI_______（arrive）,he______（sell）it.
d.IsawMiketheotherday.We_____（notsee）eachothersinceIleftmyhometown.
5.Thefuturetenses
1）.shall,will,would:
will既表示将来时态又带有意愿色彩，现代口语中常用willbedoing代替willdo表示单纯将来。
Whenwillyoumove/bemovingtoyournewhouse?
2）.begoingto
①表示打算②表示非常可能发生③wasgoingto除表示过去将来以外，还可表示没有实现的打算。
a.Becareful.Youaregoingtobreakthatchair.
b.Iwasgoingtofinishmyarticlelastnight,butmyfriendarrived.
3）.betodo表示计划、吩咐
TheprimeMinisteristospeakonTVtonight.
4）.beabouttodo表示即将发生的动作，不与具体的将来时间状语连用。
Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.
5）.bedoing表示计划、安排
Thetrainleaves/isleaving/istoleaveinfiveminutes.
6）.在时间和条件状语从名中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去进代替过去将来时。
Eg.
a.Don’tforgettotelephonemethemomentyouarrive.
b.Wewillnotgoforapicnicifitrains.
7）.条件从句中强调意愿、打算时，可用will和begoingto
a.Ifyouwilllistentome,I’llgivehimsomeadvice.
b.Ifyouaregoingtoplaytennisthisafternoon,you’dbettergetyourshoescleaned.
Ⅲ.PassiveVoices
1.Formsofeightmaintenses
2.Somespecialstructuresofpassivevoice
1）.带有情态动词的被动语态：
Modelverb+be+p.p/Modelverb+havebeen+p.p
2）.短语动词的被动语态：
①.Vi+prep.:
agreeto/on/with,askfor,callfor,laughat,listento,lookafter,sendfor,
talkof/about,thinkof/about/over…
②.vt+adv.:
bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,
pointout,putaway,putoff,takeup,thinkover,turndown,turnout,workout…
③.v.+adv.+prep.:
giveinto,lookdownupon,makeupfor,putupwith（stand）…
④.v.+n.+prep.:
catchsightof,makeuseofpayattentionto,setfireto,takenoticeof,
takeholdof,putanendto,makeafoolof,keepaneyeon…
eg.a.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtodevelopingoureducationifpossible.
b.Allherlifehasbeendevotedtobringinguphernaughtyson.
3）.带复合宾语的动词变成被动语态时，一般把宾语必改成主语，宾补保留在谓语之后。
Eg.a.Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleaneveryday.
b.Ourclassroomshouldbekeptcleaneveryday.
①.双宾语:
give,pass,offer,show,leave,bring,buy,make,sing…
Eg.a.IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
b.—I’vebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
—Yes,italldepends.
②.宾语+宾补（adj/p.p./do/doing）:
a.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.
b.Themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver.
4）.非谓语动词的被动结构
1tobedone/tohavebeendone
②beingdone/havingbeendone
a.Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanydifferentlanguages.
b.Theproblembeingdiscussedatpresenthassomethingtodowithourdailylife.
c.Havingbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,thenoveliswell-knowntotheworld.
5）.有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动意思。
①Vis/vi.-phrs.:
happen,occur,fall,go,die,end,last,spread,takeplace,breakout,cometrue
a.Icecreamalwaysgoeswellinhotweather.
b.Ascanbeseen,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourcity.
②在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动可表示被动:
sell,read,write,wear,wash,open,clean,cook,keep,lock,run
a.HoweverItry,thislockjustwon’topen.
b.Thiskindofclotheswasheswell.
③.表示状态特征的连系动词如look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear…eg.
a.Thispieceofmusicsoundspleasant.
b.Whathesaidinpublicprovedtoberight.
④.get+p.p侧重动作的结果/be+p.p侧重动作本身的状态:
Eg.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igotseparatedfrommyfriends.
⑤.不定式tolet,toblame,toseek常用主动表示被动:
eg.
a.Nobodywastoblameforthebigearthquake.
b.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthelectureisnotfartoseek.
Ⅳ.Notes:
动词时态的命题角度：
1．根据题干的时间状语选择时态：
a.IfirstmetLisa3yearsago.She（work）ataradioshopatthetime.（97-10）
b.—Hi,Francy,youlooktired.（98）
—I’mtired.I（paint）thelivingroomallday.
2．根据题干中的动词时态选择时间状语：
—Howlonghasthisbookshopbeeninbusiness?
—1982.（94-24）
A.AfterB.FromC.SinceD.In
3．含状语从句的主、从句时态呼应：
ThereportersaidthattheUFO（travel）easttowestwhenhesawit.（2000-25）
4．情景命题：
1）.捕捉捉信息
a.Allthepreparationsforthetask,andwe’rereadytostart.（2000spr.19）
A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted
b.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnotaneasytaskbecausetechnologysorapidly.
A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchanged
c.—You’releftthelighton.
—Oh,soandturnitoff.（2000）
A.I’llgoB.I’vegoneC.IgoD.I’mgoing
2）.注意话语使用的特殊场合，理解特殊情景，明确动作发生的时间，选择时态：
a.Who’sJerryCooper?
himyet?
Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting?
A.Don’tyoumeetB.Hadn’tyoumet
C.Didn’tyoumeetD.Haven’tyoumet
b.Youlookverybusy.Iyouhardforyourexaminations.
A.suppose,areworkingB.amsupposing,areworking
C.amsupposing,workD.suppose,work
c.---Whatwereyoudoingwhenthetelephonerang?
---Oh,I（finish）myhomeworkand（go）tobed.
Ⅴ.动词时态要点归纳
1）.时态检测语境化
1.—Sorry,I（forget）toposttheletterforyou.
—Nevermind,I（post）itmyselfwhenIhavedonethework.
2.—Irangyouat11:
00lastnight.Butnooneansweredit.
—Oh.I（do）myworkand（bath）inthebathroom.
2）.关键信息后置化
3.Shirley（write）anovellastyear.Iwonderwhetherhehasfinishedit.
4.Look!
Whatyou（do）!
Youshouldhavebeenmorecareful.
5.Look!
Whatyou（do）!
Whytreatabirdlikethis?
6.Unluckily,whenIgottotheairport,theplane（take）off.Wehadjustasecondtokisshergood-bye.
3）.时态趋向高档化
7.I’dliketo（go）toseeyoulastnight,butmycarbrokedownsuddenly.
8.Whatyou（do）at8:
00a.m.tomorrow?
9.BySept.nextyear,I（learn）Englishfor10years.
10.It（rain）everydaynon-stopsofar.
4）.虚拟语气介入化
11.I’dbemuchthinner,butI（eat）toomuch.
12.I（hope）toseeyoulastnight,butIfellillsuddenly.
13.Hesuggestedthatshe（stay）withhim.
14.Hewasill,orhe（give）usthelessons.
15.It’sthetimethatyou（give）yourlessons.
5）.主动被动混合化
16.Whetherhewillcomehere（decide）.
17.Don’tgettheinkonyourshirt.It
升级会员 