考研英语新题型最优模拟题.docx

考研英语新题型最优模拟题.docx

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考研英语新题型最优模拟题

考研英语阅读新题型11篇模拟题

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutpreparingintheacademiccommunity.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph（41-45）.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

一、

［A］PhysicalChanges 

［B］LowSelf-Esteem

［C］EmergingIndependenceandSearchforIdentity

［D］EmotionalTurbulence

［E］InterestintheOppositeSex

［F］PeerPressureandConformity

Thetransitiontoadulthoodisdifficult.Rapidphysicalgrowthbeginsinearlyadolescence—typicallybetweentheagesof9and13—andthoughtprocessesstarttotakeonadultcharacteristics.Manyyoungstersfindthesechangesdistressingbecausetheydonotfullyunderstandwhatishappeningtothem.Fearsandanxietiescanbeputtorestbysimplykeepinganopenlineofcommunicationandpreparingforchangebeforeitoccurs.Themainissuesthatariseduringadolescenceare:

（41）__________

Achild’sselfworthisparticularlyfragileduringadolescence.Teenagersoftenstrugglewithanoverwhelmingsensethatnobodylikesthem,thatthey’renotasgoodasotherpeople,thattheyarefailures,losers,uglyorunintelligent.

（42）__________

Someformofbodilydissatisfactioniscommonamongpre-teens.Ifdissatisfactionisgreat,itmaycausethemtobecomeshyorveryeasilyembarrassed.Inothercases,teensmayacttheopposite—loudandangry—inanefforttocompensateforfeelingsofself-consciousnessandinferiority.Asalarmingasthesebodilychangescanbe,adolescentsmayfinditequallydistressingtonotexperiencethechangesatthesametimeastheirpeers.Latematurationcancausefeelingsofinferiorityandawkwardness.

（43）__________

Youngpeoplefeelmorestronglyabouteverythingduringadolescence.Fearsbecomemorefrightening,pleasuresbecomemoreexciting,irritationsbecomemoredistressingandfrustrationsbecomemoreintolerable.Everyexperienceappearsking-sizedduringadolescence.Youngstershavingadifficultadolescencemaybecomeseriouslydepressedand/orengageinself-destructivebehavior.Often,thefirstcluethatateenagerneedsprofessionalhelpisadeep-rootedshiftinattitudeandbehavior.Parentsshouldbealerttothewarningsignsofpersonalitychangeindicatingthatateenagerneedshelp.Theyincluderepeatedschoolabsences,slumpinggrades,useofalcoholorillegalsubstances,hostileordangerousbehaviorandextremewithdrawalandreclusiveness.

（44）__________

Thereistremendouspressureonadolescentstoconformtothestandardsoftheirpeers.Thispressuretowardconformitycanbedangerousinthatitappliesnotonlytoclothingandhairstyles;itmayleadthemtodothingsthattheyknowarewrong.

（45）__________

Adolescencemarksaperiodofincreasingindependencethatoftenleadstoconflictbetweenteenagersandparents.Thistensionisanormalpartofgrowingup—andforparents,anormalpartoftheletting-goprocess.Anothernormalpartofadolescenceisconfusionovervaluesandbeliefs.Thistimeofquestioningisimportantasyoungpeopleexaminethevaluestheyhavebeentaughtandbegintoembracetheirownbeliefs.Thoughtheymayadoptthesamebeliefsastheirparents,discoveringthemontheirownenablestheyoungpersontodevelopasenseofintegrity.

Althoughadolescencewillpresentchallengesforyoungpeopleandtheirparents,awarenessandcommunicationcanhelppavethewayforasmoothtransitionintothisexcitingphaseoflife.

二

Haveyoueverconsideredwhatmakesagoodbossgood?

Theanswertothatquestionisadmittedlymercurial,asoneperson’sviewofatop-notchemployerwilldifferfromsomebodyelse’s.However,thereareanumberoftraits,attitudesandabilitiesthatarecommontoallgoodbosses.Moreover,theneedforsolidleadershipskillsisespeciallytellingwithsmallerbusinesses.

“Beingagoodbossisimportantinanyorganization,butit’sparticularlyimportantforsmallbusiness,”saysRobSheehan,directorofexecutiveeducationattheJamesMacGregorBurnsAcademyofLeadershipattheUniversityofMaryland.“Withsmallerbusinesses,youreallyhavetheopportunitytosetthetonefortheentirecompany.”

Bearinginmindtheimportanceofgoodleadershiptobusiness,considerthefollowinglineupofskills,strategiesandattributes:

41.   Beinclusive.

Withasmalleroperation,it’sessentialthateveryonefeelslikeanequalandinvolvedpartoftheteam.Agoodemployeriscertaintotreateachemployeefairly,notonlyintermsofsalaryandotherformsofcompensation,butalsoinhowthatemployeeisinvolvedinthedailyfunctionofthebusiness.Encouragefeedback,innovationandcreativitysoemployeesfeelgenuinelyengaged.

42.   Mission,notjustmoney.

Veryfewbusinessesoperateoutofsheeraltruism,butthat’snottosaythatturningaprofitistheprimaryphilosophicalandpracticalfocus.Rather,aneffectivebossestablishesagenuinebusinessmission.Howthattakesshapedependsbothonthebusinessandontheoverridingfocusthebosswantstoset.

43.   Nothingtofearbutfearitself.

Manyofushavehadbosseswhowouldberightathomewithaknifenexttotheirdeskcalendars.Makeonemistakeonthejobandfeelfreetoslipyourheadrightinbeneaththeblade.Conversely,aneffectivebossencourageshisorheremployeesnottobegunshyaboutoccasionalchaosalongtheroadtowardbetterjobperformance.

44.   It’stheircareers,too.

Don’tforgetthatthepeoplewhoworkforyouarelookingtoyoutohelpthemnavigateandadvancetheircareers.AsIsaid,it’snotallaboutmoney.Butitisallaboutmakingyouremployeesseehowtoimproveandcreatemeaningfulcareersforthemselves.

45.   Made,notnecessarilyborn.

Onefinalaspectofbeingagoodbossisrecognizingthatmuchofwhatgoesintobeinganeffectiveleaderis,infact,learnedbehavior.Ofcourse,therealwayshavebeenandwillbebosseswhoseemtohaveaflawlesstouchinleadingandmotivating.Butforeverynatural,therearejustasmanytop-flightbosseswhogotthatwaybyattendingmanagementclassesandseminars,readingbooksoneffectiveleadershipand,justasimportant,understandingthatagoodemployernaturallyattractsfirst-rateemployees.

［A］“It’simportanttousethatdifferentperspectivetoeducateandencourage.Butit’salsoimportant,likeagoodcoach,toleadyourteambyexample.Forinstance,whileyoushouldpointoutmistakesbyyouremployees,besuretoadmitwhenyouyourselfmakeamistake,”saysSheehan.

［B］“Youneedtocreateanenvironmentofintegrity,trustandrespecttomakeabsolutelycertainthateveryoneistreatedfairly,regardlessofthedifferencestheymayhave,”saysSheehan.

［C］“Peoplecandefinitelydevelopgoodleadershipcapabilities,”saysSheehan.“Toacertaindegree,weallhaveinnatetraitsthatmakeusgoodbosses.Allyoureallyhavetodoisworktodevelopthosetraitstotheirutmost.”

［D］Ifanemployeehasagoalofbecomingamanagerorrunninghisorherownbusinesssomeday,nurturethatgoal.Tellthemthetraitstheyneedtoworkontoachievetheirultimateplans.

［E］Forinstance,arestaurantownermaypushspeedylunchtimeserviceasawayofservingthetime-strappedbusinesscommunity.Bycontrast,amedicalsupplyoutfitmayemphasizehowitsproductsimprovecustomers’health.Notonlycanaclearmission（responsibility）servetomotivateemployees,itcanalsoinfuseasenseofimportanceintheirjobs.

［F］“Thisrequiresamentalitythatencourageslearningratherthanbeingafraidofmakingamistake.Trysomethingnewanddifferent,butknowwe’renotgoingtokilleachotherifthingsdon’tworkout,”saysSheehan.“IwasaswimmerincollegeandIswamfastwhenIimaginedasharkwasafterme.IswamjustasfastwhenIimaginedIwasintheOlympics.It’saquestionofwhatyouwanttofocuson.”

三、

Asmoreandmorematerialfromotherculturesbecameavailable,Europeanscholarscametorecognizeevengreatercomplexityinmythologicaltraditions.EspeciallyvaluablewastheevidenceprovidedbyancientIndianandIraniantextssuchastheBhagavad-GitaandtheZend-Avesta.Fromthesesourcesitbecameapparentthatthecharacterofmythsvariedwidely,notonlybygeographicalregionbutalsobyhistoricalperiod.

（41）__________

HearguedthattherelativelysimpleGreekmythofPersephonereflectstheconcernsofabasicagriculturalcommunity,whereasthemoreinvolvedandcomplexmythsfoundlaterinHomeraretheproductofamoredevelopedsociety.

Scholarsalsoattemptedtotievariousmythsoftheworldtogetherinsomeway.Fromthelate18thcenturythroughtheearly19thcentury,thecomparativestudyoflanguageshadledtothereconstructionofahypotheticalparentlanguagetoaccountforstrikingsimilaritiesamongthevariouslanguagesofEuropeandtheNearEast.Theselanguages,scholarsconcluded,belongedtoanIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.ExpertsonmythologylikewisesearchedforaparentmythologythatpresumablystoodbehindthemythologiesofalltheEuropeanpeoples.

（42）__________

Forexample,anexpressionlike“maidendawn”for“sunrise”resultedfirstinpersonificationofthedawn,andtheninmythsabouther.

Laterinthe19thcenturythetheoryofevolutionputforwardbyEnglishnaturalistCharlesDarwinheavilyinfluencedthestudyofmythology.Scholarsresearchedonthehistoryofmythology,muchastheywoulddigfossil-bearinggeologicalformations,forremainsfromthedistantpast.

（43）__________

 Similarly,BritishanthropologistSirJamesGeorgeFrazerproposedathree-stage