朗文词典注释所用核心词汇集.docx
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朗文词典注释所用核心词汇集
朗文词典注释所用2000核心词汇集
TheLongmanDefiningVocabulary
Wordsusedinthedefinitionsinthisdictionary
Allthedefinitionsinthisdictionaryhavebeenwrittenusingthewordsinthislist.Ifadefinitionincludesawordthatisnotinthelist,thatwordisshowninsmallcapitalletters.
TheDefiningVocabularyhasbeencarefullychosenafterathoroughstudyofallthewell-knownfrequencylistsofEnglishwords.Furthermore,onlythemostcommonand‘entral’meaningsofthewordsinthelisthaveactuallybeenusedindefinitions.WehavealsousedaspecialcomputerprogramthatcheckseveryentrytoensurethatwordsfromoutsidetheDefiningVocabularydonotappearindefinitions.
Wordclassrestrictions
Forsomewordsinthelist,awordclasslabelsuchasnoradjisshown.Thismeansthatthisparticularwordisusedindefinitionsonlyinthewordclassshown.Soanger,forexample,isusedonlyasanounandnotasaverb.Butifnowordclassisshownforaword,itcanbeusedinanyofitsusualwordclasses:
answer,forexample,isusedindefinitionsbothasanounandasaverb.
Compoundwords
DefinitionsoccasionallyincludecompoundwordsformedfromwordsintheDefiningVocabulary,butthisisonlydoneifthemeaningiscompletelyclear.Forexample,thewordbusinessman(formedfrombusinessandman)isusedinsomedefinitions.
Prefixesandsuffixes
Themainlistisfollowedbyalistofcommonprefixesandsuffixes.Thesecanbeaddedtowordsinthemainlisttoformderivedwords,providedthemeaningiscompletelyclear.Forexample,thewordnervousness(formedbyadding-nesstonervous)isusedinsomedefinitions.
Phrasalverbs
PhrasalverbsformedbycombiningwordsintheDefiningVocabulary(forexample,putupwith)arenotusedindefinitionsinthedictionary,exceptinaverysmallnumberofcaseswherethephrasalverbisextremelycommonandthereisnocommonequivalent.So,forexample,giveup(asingiveupsmoking)andtakeoff(asintheplanetookoff)areoccasionallyused.
Propernames
TheDefiningVocabularydoesnotincludethenamesofactualplaces,nationalities,religions,andsoon,whichareoccasionallymentionedindefinitions.
PearsonEducationLimited1999
A
aaffectabbreviationaffordabilityafraidableafteradv,conj,prepaboutafternoonaboveadv,prepafterwardsabroadagainabsenceagainstabsentadjagenacceptagoacceptableagreeaccidentagreementaccidentalaheadaccordingtoaimaccountnairnachieveaircraftachievementairportacidalcoholacrossaliveactalladv,pron,determiner,pre-determiner
actionallowactivealmostactivityaloneactor,actressalongactualalphabetactuallyalreadyaddalsoadditionalthoughadditionalalwaysaddressamongadjectiveamountnadmirationamuseadmireamusementadmitamusingadultanadvancedancientadjadvantageandadventurenangernadverbanglenadvertiseangryadvertisementanimaladviceannounceadviseannoyaffairannoying
anotherartificialansweras
anxietyasopposedtoanxiousashamedanyaskanyoneasleepanythingassociationanywhereat
apartatomapartmentattackappearattemptappearanceattendappleattentionapprovalattitudeapproveattractareaattractiveargueauthorityargumentautumnarmnavailablearmyaverageadj,naroundavoidarrangeawakeadjarrangementawayadvarrivalawkwardarriveart
article
beBbeachnbabybeakbackadj,adv,nbeamnbackgroundbeanbackward(s)advbearbadbeatbagnbeautifulbakevbeautybalancebecauseballnbecomebandnbedbanknbeerbarnbeforebasen,vbeginbasicbeginningbasketbehavebathnbehaviourbattlenbehindadv,prep
beliefbothbelievebottlenbellbottomnbelongbowlnbelowboxnbeltnboybendbrainnbeneathbranchnbeside(s)braveadjbestbreadbetteradj,advbreakvbetweenbreakfastnbeyondadj,advbreastbicyclenbreathbigadjbreathebillbreedbirdbrickbirthbridgenbitbrightbitebringbitteradjbroadadjblackadj,nbroadcastvbladebrotherblamebrownadj,nblindadjbrushblockbuildvbloodbuildingblowbulletblueburnboardnburstvboatburybodybusboilbushbombbusinessbonenbusybooknbutconjbootnbutternbordernbuttonnboredbuyvboringbyprepbornborrowC
cakencallvcalculatecalmadj
camerachildrencampn,vchincanchocolatecapchoicencapitalnchoosecarchurchncardcigarettecarecinemacarefulcirclencarelesscircularadjcarriagecitizencarrycitycasenclaimvcastleclassncatclaycatchvcleanadj,vcattleclearadj,vcausecleverceilingcliffcelebrateclimbvcellclockncentralcloseadj,adv,vcentrenclothcenturyclothesceremonyclothingcertainadj,determinercloudnchainnclubnchairncoalchancencoastnchangecoatncharactercoffeechargecoinnchasevcoldadj,ncheapcollarncheatvcollectvcheckcollegecheekncolourcheerfulcombcheesecombinationchemicalcombinevchemistrycomechequecomfortchestcomfortablechickencommandchiefcommitteechildcommonadj
communicatecottoncommunicationcoughcompanycouldcomparevcouncilncomparisoncountvcompetecountryncompetitioncountrysidecompetitorcouragecomplaincoursencomplaintcourtncompletecovercompletelycowncomplicatedcrackn,vcompoundncrashn,vcomputercrazyconcernvcreamnconcerningcreatureconcertcrimeconditionncriminalconfidencecriticismconfidentcriticizeconfusecropnconfusingcrossn,vconnectcrowdconnectioncruelconsciouscrushvconsidercryconsistcupncontaincupboardcontainercurecontinuecurlcontinuouscurrentncontractncurtainncontrolcurveconversationcustomncookn,vcustomercopycutcorncyclevcornern
correctadj,v
cost
D
dailyadj,advdangerdamagedangerousdancedark
datendictionarydaughterdiev
daydifferencedeadadjdifferentdealndifficultdealwithdifficultydeathdigv
debtdinnerdecaydirectdeceivedirectiondecidedirtdecisiondirtyadjdecoratedisappointdecorationdisappointingdecreasediscoverdeepadjdiscoverydefeatdiscussdefencediscussiondefenddiseasendefinitedishndefinitelydismissdegreedistancedelaydistantdeliberateadjdividedeliberatelydov
delicatedoctorndeliverdocumentndemanddogndepartmentdollardependdoordependentdoubleadj,v,pre-determinerdepthdoubtdescribedownadv,prepdescriptiondrawvdesertndrawerdeservedreamdesigndressn,vdesirabledrinkdesiredriven,vdeskdropdestroydrugndestructiondrumndetailndrunkpastpart,adjdeterminationdrydeterminedduckndevelopdulladj
during
dustn
duty
E
eachenemyeagerenergyearengineearlyengineernearnenjoyearthnenjoyableeastenjoymenteasternenougheasyadjentereatentertaineconomicentertainmentedgenentranceneducateenvelopeeducatedenvironmenteducationequaladj,neffectnequipmenteffectiveescapeeffortespeciallyeggestablisheightevenadj,adveithereveningelboweventelectveverelectioneveryelectriceveryoneelectricityeverythingelectroniceverywhereelseevilembarrassexactadjembarrassingexactlyemotionexaminationemphasizeexamineemployvexampleemployerexcellentemploymentexceptconj,prepemptyadj,vexchangeencloseexciteencourageexcitingendexcuse
exerciseexplosionexistexplosiveexistenceexpressvexpectexpressionexpensiveextremeadjexperienceextremelyexplaineyeexplanation
explode
F
facefencenfactfeverfactoryfewfailvfieldnfailurefifthfairadjfightfairlyfigurenfaithfillvfaithfuladjfilmfallfinaladjfalsefinallyfamiliarfinancialfamilyfindvfamousfindoutfarfineadjfarmfingernfarmerfinishvfashionnfirefashionablefirmadjfastadj,advfirstadj,determinerfastenfishfatfitadj,vfathernfivefaultnfixvfavourableflagnfavouriteadjflamenfearnflashn,vfeathernflatadjfeaturenfleshfeedvflightfeelvfloatvfeeling(s)floodfemalefloorn
flournframenflowfreeflowernfreedomflyn,vfreezevfoldfrequentadjfollowfreshfondfriendfoodfriendlyfootnfrightenfootballfrighteningforprepfromforcefrontadj,nforeignfruitnforeignerfulladjforestnfunforgetfuneralforgivefunnyforknfurnformfurnitureformalfurtheradj,advformerfuturefortunate
forward(s)adv
four(th)
G
gainvgluegamengovgaragengoatgardengodgasngoldgategoodgathervgoodbyegeneraladjgoodsgenerallygoverngenerousgovernmentgentlegracefulgentlemangradualgetgraingiftgramgirlgrammargivevgrandadjgladgrandfatherglassadj,ngrandmother
grandparentgrowgrassngrowthgratefulguardvgravenguessvgreatadjguestngreenguidegreetguiltygreetinggunngreyadj,n
groundn
groupn
H
habithelpfulhairher(s)halfherehallherselfhammernhidevhandnhighadj,advhandlehillhangvhimhappenvhimselfhappyhishardhistoricalhardlyhistoryharmhitharmfulholdvhatholehatevholidaynhatredhollowadjhaveholyhehomeadv,nheadnhonesthealthhonournhealthyhooknhearhopehearthopefulheathornheavenhorsenheavyadjhospitalheelnhotadjheighthotelhellohourhelphousen
howadvhuntv
humanhurryhumoroushurtv
humourhusbandnhundred(th)
hungry
I
iceninnerideainsectifinsideignoreinsteadilladjinstitutionillegalinstructionillnessinstrumentimageinsultv
imaginaryinsultingimaginationinsuranceimagineinsureimmediatelyintelligenceimportanceintelligentimportantintendimpressiveintentionimproveinterestimprovementinterestinginadv,prepinternationaladjincludeinterruptincludingintoincomeintroduceincreaseintroductionindependentinventindoor(s)invitationindustrialinvitev
industryinvolveinfectinwardsinfectionironadj,ninfectiousislandinfluencevit