Unit4 Period Three Grammar and usageRestrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs.docx

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Unit4PeriodThreeGrammarandusageRestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs

PeriodThree Grammarandusage—Restrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs

语法感知

感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题

1.Inasocietywherebeingthinisoftenseenasbeingbeautiful,teenagerssometimesturntoextrememethodstoslimdownquickly.

2.Itisnormalforteenagerstobeslightlyoverweightandthereisnoreasonwhytheyshouldbeworried.

关系副词引导定语从句时,在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。

where作地点状语,如句1;why作原因状语,如句2。

语法精析

当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。

常用的关系副词有where,when,why等。

1.关系副词where

where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place,room,house,spot等),关系副词在从句中作地点状语。

常用inwhich,atwhich,onwhich等代替。

Theyareplayingintheparkwhere(=inwhich)therearesomeflowers.

他们正在有花的公园里玩耍。

Theofficewhere(=atwhich)thegirlworksisnotfarfromhere.

这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。

[温馨提示]

①有一些先行词,如point,stage,position,case,condition等,属于抽象的地点名词,如果定语从句中缺状语,需要接where引导的定语从句。

Youreachapointinyourprojectwhereyoujustwanttogetthethingfinished.

从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界:

一心想完成它。

Wereachedastagewherewehadtoanswerviolencewithviolence.

我们陷入了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。

②where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别:

引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前有表示地点的名词作先行词,从句修饰先行词;引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的名词。

He’sgotintoasituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.(定语从句)

他陷入了一种很可能会失去对飞机的控制的境地。

Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhavequestions.(状语从句)

读这本书的时候,你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记。

2.关系副词when

when引导定语从句时,先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time,day,week,month,year等),关系副词在从句中作时间状语。

常用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。

Thereusedtobeatimewhen(=duringwhich)Ihatedgoingtoschool.

我有一段时间不愿意去上学。

I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ileftforcollegewithmyfather.

我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。

3.关系副词why

why引导定语从句时,先行词常为reason,关系副词在从句中作原因状语。

可用forwhich代替。

Canyouexplainthereasonwhy(=forwhich)youdon’thelphim?

你能解释一下为什么不帮助他的理由吗?

Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tcometohisbirthdayparty?

你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗?

[温馨提示]

表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,定语从句可用关系代词引导,也可用关系副词引导。

若先行词在定语从句中作状语时,应用关系副词;若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,则应用关系代词。

试比较:

Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?

你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?

(when在从句中作状语)

Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?

你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?

(that或which作spent的宾语)

Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.

我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。

(why作原因状语)

Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.

我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。

(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用why)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.DoyoustillrememberthedaywhenwejoinedtheParty?

2.ThisisthereasonwhyIwaslatefortheclass.

3.Thisistheoldhousewherehisfatherwasbornfiftyyearsago.

4.I’llrememberthedayonwhichIwasadmittedtothecollege.

5.Thepicturecalledupthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.

6.Mymottois“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”

7.I’vereachedthestagewhereIjustdon’tcareaboutanythinganymore.

8.Anearthquaketookplaceintheyearwhenhewasborn.

9.Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingwasnotreasonable.

10.Hewillfindaplacethat/whichiscleanandsafefortheoldman.

Ⅱ.单句写作

11.他上班迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。

Thereasonwhyhewaslateforworkwasthathisbikewasbroken.

12.他开始创业的地方是一个狭窄的地下室。

Theplacewherehestartedhisbusinesswasanarrowbasement.

13.他们在那个鲜花盛开的季节结婚了。

Theygotmarriedintheseasonwhenflowerscameout.

14.那个种着玫瑰花的花园为我叔叔所有。

Thegardenwhererosesareplantedisownedbymyuncle.

基础巩固

Ⅰ.用关系副词引导的定语从句合并句子

1.Whatisthereason?

Yourefusedtoshakehandswithhimjustnow.

→Whatisthereasonwhyyourefusedtoshakehandswithhimjustnow?

2.Thestorewasbrokenintolastnight.

Mysisterworksinthestore.

→Thestorewheremysisterworkswasbrokenintolastnight.

3.Thereasonwasthathewasillyesterday.

Hedidnothandinhishomeworkforthatreason.

→Thereasonwhyhedidnothandinhishomeworkwasthathewasillyesterday.

4.LiuYangwillneverforgettheday.

Shewascarriedintospacebyspaceshiponthatday.

→LiuYangwillneverforgetthedaywhenshewascarriedintospacebyspaceship.

5.TheEnglishplaywasagreatsuccess.

ThestudentsactedinitattheNewYear’sparty.

→TheEnglishplaywherethestudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.

Ⅱ.完成句子——用定语从句完成下列句子

6.Thereasonwhyhefellillisstillunclear.

他生病的原因仍然不清楚。

7.Canyouthinkofasituationwherethislongwordcanbeused?

你能设想出这个长单词被使用的场合吗?

8.Theoldmandidn’tforgetthedayswhenhestayedinthecountryside.

老人没有忘记他生活在农村的那些日子。

9.The

saidthattherewasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.

这位专家说有一段时期这两国正在交战。

10.Theyoungbossiscreatinganatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.

这位年轻的老板在创造一种员工喜欢工作的轻松氛围。

能力提升

Ⅲ.阅读理解

TheaverageAmericanchildspendsthreetofivehoursadaywatchingTV.In1961,theaveragechildbegantowatchtelevisionatagethree;however,todayitisninemonths.Yet,mostparentsthinkthattelevisionhasabadinfluenceontheirchildren.Forexample,intheearly1970s,myparentsbelievedthatmybadeyesightwastheresultofsittingtooclosetothescreen,andtheythereforemademystayatleastsixfeetfromit.Today,mostpeoplehavenosuchworry,butmanynewridiculous(荒谬的)

haveappeared:

*TVmakeskidsstupid.Manychildrenwatchmoreeducationalprogrammeswhentheyarepreschoolers.Whentheygrowup,theycanreadmorebooksandhavemuchbetterideastosolvedifficultproblemsthanotherchildren.

*TVmakeskidsviolent.Therealstoryisnotsosimple.HundredsofstudiesshowthatwatchingviolenceonTVmakeschildrenmoreaggressive(好斗的).Butastudyofover5,000childrenalsofindsthatsomepositiveprogrammesmakechildrenkinder.Theproblemisthatkidsareincreasinglywatchingshowswithviolenceinsteadofthosesuitablefortheirage.

*SittingaroundwatchingTVmakeskidsoverweight.Anexperimentfindsthatwhenchildrenwatchlesstelevision,theydoloseextraweight;however,reducingtheirtelevisiontimedoesnotmakethemmoreactive.Therealproblemliesinsnacking(吃小吃)—awidespreadhabitforkids,andjunkfoodadvertisements.

*TVhelpskidsgettosleep.Theoppositeistrue.Themoretelevisionchildrenwatch,themorelikelytheyaretohaveirregularsleepandnap(小睡)patterns.Allowingkidstowatchtelevisionispartoftheproblem,notthesolution.

语篇解读 电视真的会对孩子造成诸多不良影响吗?

本文作者罗列出人们对于电视对孩子的影响的误解,并一一作出解释说明。

1.WhichoneistheadvantageofeducationalTVprogrammes?

A.Theywillmakechildrensolvedifficultproblemsbetterthanothers.

B.Theywillimprovechildren’sabilitytogetalongwithothers.

C.Theyarelikelytomakechildrenmoreaggressive.

D.Theywillmakesureofchildren’ssuccessinthefuture.

答案 A

解析 细节理解题。

根据第二段内容可知,看更多教育节目的孩子在长大后会比其他的孩子阅读更多的书,且在解决难题方面会有更好的主意。

故选A项。

2.WhyarechildrenspendingmuchtimewatchingTVlikelytobefat?

A.WatchingTVmakeschildrenlazyandinactive.

B.ChildrenareattractedbythefoodadvertisementsonTV.

C.WatchingTVdoesn’tburnupasmuchfatasdoingsports.

D.ChildrenliketosnackwhilewatchingTV.

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“Therealproblemliesinsnacking(吃小吃)...”可知D项正确。

3.WhatinfluencedoeswatchingTVhaveonachild’ssleep?

A.ChildrenarelikelytosleepdeeperafterwatchingTV.

B.Children’ssleepingtimewillbegreatlyreduced.

C.Itwillmakechildrenformabadhabitofsleeping.

D.Itwillmakechildrensleepeasier.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Themoretelevisionchildrenwatch,themorelikelytheyaretohaveirregularsleepandnap(小睡)patterns.”可知C项正确。

4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Toincreasepeople’sknowledgeofwatchingTV.

B.TowarnparentsofthedisadvantagesofwatchingTV.

C.ToexplainthebadinfluencesthatwatchingTVhasonchildren.

D.Tocorrectparents’wrongideasoftelevision’s

onchildren.

答案 D

解析 写作意图题。

本文罗列出人们对于电视对孩子的影响的误解,并一一给出理由。

故选D项。

Ⅳ.完形填空

Weallknowthatsportsmayhelpusbecomestronger.Buttheir1gofarbeyondthis.Researchshowsthatsportsthat2aimingandhittingskills,forexample,tennis,badmintonandbaseball,helpchildrenincrease3.Theyhelpdevelopleadershipqualitiesand4teamspiritinkids.Theyinvolvecompetition.Playingsportsteachesthemtoaccept5withapositivespiritwhentheyloseagame.

Playingsportsdoesalotofgoodtothedevelopmentof6skills.Sportsteachyoutocommunicatewithpeopleandworktogetherasa7.Sportsimprovecollectivethinkingandhelpdevelopyourplanningandorganizationalskills,too.Sportsbuild8,sincewinningagamealwaysgivesyouasenseof

.

Playingsportsrequiresyoutostrategize(制定策略).Youneedtobevery9toscoregoalsorearnpoints.Youneedto10strategiestowin.Youneedtojudgeyourcompetitor’sstrategyandchangeyours11.Thiscertainlyinvolvescleverthinking,whichsportsencourage.Studiesshowthatkidswhoplaysports12dowellinschoolandcollege.

Playingsportsbringsyou13,whichproduceshappinessmolecules(分子)inyourbody,thusimprovingyourmentalhealth.Youcan’tbesad14playingsports.Sportsproduce15energyinyouandthepeoplearoundyou.

1.A.coursesB.benefits

C.challengesD.decisions

答案 B

解析 结合上一句可知,此处是指体育运动的“好处”不只是可以让我们变得更强壮。

2.A.addB.fit

C.lackD.involve

答案 D

解析 研究表明:

“涉及”瞄准和击球技巧的体育运动帮助孩子们增强注意力。

3.A.focusB.courage

C.weightD.

答案 A

解析 结合常识可知,要瞄准或是击球的时候需要集中“注意力”。

4.A.breakB.shake

C.raiseD.change

答案 C

解析 与develop相对应,提升领导能力的同时,还能“提高”团队精神。

5.A.explanationsB.punishments

C.congratulationsD.failures

答案 D

解析 体育运动可以教会人们在比赛“失败”的时候用积极的态度去对待。

6.A.musicalB.social

C.medicalD.technical

答案 B

解析 根据下一句中的“communicatewithpeopleandworktogether”可知,此处是指体育运动可以提高“社交”技能。

7.A.teamB.nation

C.classD.family

答案 A

解析 体育运动可以教会你如何与人交往,如何像一个“团队”一样共同工作。

8.A.friendshipB.judgment

C.confidenceD.enthusiasm

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