中美校园欺凌的比较研究英语.docx

中美校园欺凌的比较研究英语.docx

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中美校园欺凌的比较研究英语

AComparativeStudyofChineseandAmericanCampusBullying

Abstract

Humanbeingshaveexistedonthisplanetforalongtimeandgonethroughalongdevelopment.Ithasbeenmorethan4000yearssincethebirthofthefirststatutelawinhumanhistory,andwehaveformulatedvariouslawsandregulationstopreventcrime.However,intoday’ssociety,casesofcampusbullyingstilloccurfromtimetotime.Someareminor,suchascampusinjuries,andsomeareserious,causingthevictimtolosetheirvaluablelives.Intermsofcampusbullying,thesituationintheUnitedStatesisascommonandsevereasthatinChina.ThereasontoconductthisresearchistofindoutwhatarethedifferencesandsimilaritiesofthecampusbullyingbetweenChinaandAmerican.Atthesametime,previousexperiencesareexpectedtobelearnt.Bydoingso,waystoreduceorpreventcampusbullyingoreveneliminateitarehopedtobefoundout.Thewaysandmethodstoconductthisresearchistolookforfacts,lookintousedmethodsandmakeconclusionaboutthem.

Inthispaper,differentmethodsofcampusbullyingclassificationwillbementioned,reasonsofadolescentcampusbullyingwillalsobeanalyzed.What’smore,thecurrentsituationsofcampusbullyingintheUnitedStatesandChinawillbestudied.Then,thecharacteristicsaswellassimilaritiesanddifferencesofcampusbullyingintheUnitedStatesandChinawillbeanalyzed.Finally,accordingtothecurrentsituationandcharacteristicsofcampusbullyinginChina,combinedwiththemethodsofavoidingcampusbullyingintheUnitedStates,appropriatesuggestionswillbegiven.

Keywords:

campusbullying,comparativestudybetweenChinaandAmerica

中美校园欺凌的比较研究

摘要

人类经过了漫长的发展，从第一部成文法诞生以来到现在，已经过去了4000多年，人类已经制定了各种各样的法律法规以避免犯罪事件发生。

但是在现在的社会中，校园欺凌的案件时不时会出现在人们的眼中。

有些是轻微的如校园中致人受伤的案件，有些则是严重的如致人死亡的案件。

在校园欺凌上，中国和美国同样存在普遍性和严峻性。

开展这份研究的目的是去发现中美之间校园欺凌的区别与相似之处，从中取吸取美国对待以及防范校园欺凌的经验。

通过这样做，本文希望可以找到减轻或者减少甚至是消除校园欺凌的方式。

在开展这项研究中，会查找并研究现有的资料，从中总结出可行的方法并寻求更有效的方式。

在这篇论文里面，校园欺凌的不同分类方式会被提及到，与此同时，本文还将通过查找资料，分析出青少年做出校园欺凌的原因，以及现在校园欺凌在美国和中国的情况。

当谈及完现状之后，本文会分析美国和中国的校园欺凌有什么特点以及异同。

最后，根据现在中国校园欺凌的状况以及特点，再结合美国治理校园欺凌的手段，给出合适的建议。

关键词：

校园欺凌；中美比较

Contents

Introduction

Inthepast,peopleinChinaarelivingalifethatdon’thaveenoughfoodandwarmclothes.ButwiththecontinuousdevelopmentofChina,people’slivesaregraduallysecured.Wedon'thavetoworryabouthowtogetwellfed.Hence,themoralcultureisgraduallydevelopingandthelegalsystemisgraduallyimproving.Besides,peoplearenowpayingmoreattentiononhumanrightsandtherighttolifeisthemostessentialhumanright.Butunfortunately,thechildreninschoolweren’tfullyprotected.Nowadays,somechildrenarejustsufferingfromcampusbullying.Theyouthhasalwaysbeenconsideredasthehopeofanation,sowhethertheyouthishavingasuitableenvironmenttostudycaneasilycatchpeople’sattention.Asamatteroffact,campusbullyingisgettingmoreandmoreattentionfromthesociety.

InOctober,2019,amiddleschoolstudentwasfoundoutofconsciousnessattheschoolbathroom.Afirstaidtreatmentwasgivenimmediatelybutunfortunately,hewasgone.Afterthat,ananonymouscallwasgiventothepolice,sayingthatthisyoungteenagerwasdeadbecauseofviolence.Afterforensicanalysis,thecauseofdeathisbraininjuryduetohitbybluntobject.Thisisanexampleofcampusbullying.Ifwesearchtheinternetwithkeyword“campusbullying”,wecaneasilyfoundoutcampusbullyingiscontinuouslyhappening.Atapressconferenceheldbythesupremepeople'sprocuratorateattheendof2019,aspokesmansaid6962minorshadbeenprosecutedforcrimesofschoolviolencefrom2018toOctober,2019.

Butthiscaseisjustthetipoftheiceberg.Countlesscasesarehappeningthroughoutthiscountry.Fromkindergartentouniversity,onewillhavetospendatleast15yearsincampus.It’snothardtofindthathavingastableandpeacefulcampusisofgreatimportance.Asanoldsayinggoes,teenagersarethefutureofacountry,andthehopeofanation.Placesforthemtostudyshouldbeabsolutesafeanddynamic.Campusbullyingwillnotonlycausephysicalinjurytothevictimbutalsopsychologicalinjury,causinggreatharmtotheteenager.

Atthesametime,withthedevelopmentofinformationandnetwork,harmfulinformationsuchasviolenceanderoticinformationcanspreadthroughtheinternetmucheasierthanbefore.Itgreatlyincreasesthechancesfortheteenagerstocomeacrosswiththisharmfulinformation.What’smore,thetransformofhowpeoplethinkabouttheattitudetowardsexhavegreatimpacttoteenager.Inthiscontext,theproblemofcampusbullyingisgettingworse.

Butunfortunately,China'slawsandregulationsarestillinthestageofdevelopment.Wedon'thavetheperfectlawsandregulationstopreventcampusbullyingfromhappening.Inaddition,wedon'thavethesamemethodstoprotectouryouthasdevelopedcountries.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,theyhaverelativelyprefectlawstoprotectyouth.Secondly,studentsareencouragedtoreportcampusbullingontheinternet,whichisstillinvacancyinChina.What’smore,theyhavesetupasystematicinterventionmechanismofcampusbullyingineachcampus.Ifstudentsbully,youcanreporttoteachers;ifthecampusstaffsbully,youcanreporttotheprincipal;iftheprincipalbullies,youcanreporttothesocialworkersincampus.Thosemethodsarewhatwecanlearnabout.

Thisarticlecanbedividedintofourparts:

thedefinitionanddifferenttypesofcampusbullying,thereasonofcampusbullying,thecurrentsituationinChinaandUnitedStatesandmethodstoavoidcampusbullying.Inthefirstpart,definitionofcampusbullyingisgivenandsixtypesofcampusbullyingarementioned.Thesecondpartisthreeaspectsoftocausecampusbullying.ThethirdpartisthecurrentsituationinChinaandUnitedStates.Thencrosscomparisonwillbeusedtoidentifythedifferencesandsimilaritiesofcampusbullyinginbothcountries.ThelastpartislearningfromtheUnitedStatestoputforwardusefulmethodstoavoidcampusbullyinginChina.

Inconclusion,toreduceoreveneliminatecampusbullyinghasbecomeoneofthemostimportantmatterincontemporaryeducation.

1AboutCampusBullying

1.1TheDefinitionofCampusBullying

Campusbullyingmeansoneparty（individualorgroup）intentionallyordeliberatelybullyorinsulttheotherparty（individualorgroup）bynotonlyphysicalcontact,orallanguageorthroughinternetbutalsootherharmfulwaysforasingletimeorseveraltimes,causingphysicalorpsychologicalinjuryorpropertyloss.Thereissomethingneedtobeclearthatifonebulliesanotheraftercampus,orshouldwesayoutofthecampus,itstillcountsoncampusbullying.

1.2DifferentTypesofCampusBullying

Fromtheperspectiveofthewayhowtheabuserbulliesthevictim,wecancategorizethisinto2forms:

directandindirect.Fromtheperspectiveofwaysofbullying,wecancategorizethisinto3forms:

verbal,physicalandpsychological.Soallinall,6typesofcampusbullyingcanbeimplemented.Toindicatebetter,hereisthematrix.

Direct

Indirect

Verbal

DirectVerbal

IndirectVerbal

Physical

DirectPhysical

IndirectPhysical

Psychological

DirectPsychological

IndirectPsychological

1.2.1DirectVerbal

Directverbalmeanstheabusersayssomethingdisgracefultoinsultthevictim.SuchasTomshoutedatJack,sayingheisanigger.Thistypeisthemostcommonformofcampusbullying.Whatneedstobepaidmoreattentiontoismakingaggressivenicknametoothersinordertoinsulthimisalsooneformofcampusbullying,suchascallingadisabledmanwholosthislegs“leglessman”.

1.2.2IndirectVerbal

Indirectverbalisalsoaverbalformbutinanindirectway.Forexample,JamesisscaredofTom,sohehastodowhateverTomaskshimtodo.ThenTomasksJamestoshoutatJack,tocallJacknigger.Thisisindirectverbal.Thisisalsoacommontypeofcampusbullying,onlyinanindirectway.

1.2.3DirectPhysical

Directphysicalmeanstheabuserhitsthevictimbyanyformtoimplementphysicaldamagetohim.Fromminorwayssuchashittingandsnappingtoseverewayssuchasusingtoolstohitorevenkillthevictim.Forexample,TomsnapsJackafterschool.

1.2.4IndirectPhysical

Justlikeindirectverbal,indirectphysicalistheindirectwaytophysicallybullythevictim.Forexample,Tomistheleaderofabullygroup,soheasksJamestohitJackonhiswayhome.Inthiscase,Jamescanberegardedasanabuser.

1.2.5DirectPsychological

DirectPsychologicalmeanstheabuserusesadirectwaytopsychologicallybullythevictim.Itmaybehardtounderstand.Frommyownperspective,thisisatypebetweenverbalandphysical.Forexample,TomtoldJackifhemakesfriendswithothers,Tomwillhithimbadly.WhatTomdidistoisolateJack,makingJackfeelalone.Thisisapsychologicalwaytobullyothers.What’smore,cyberbullyingisgettingmoreandmoreseverebecauseofthedevelopmentofinternettechnology.Cyberbullyingisalsoaformofpsychologicalbullying.

1.2.6IndirectPsychological

Indirectpsychologicalmeanstheabuseruseanindirectwaytopsychologicallybullythevictim.Forexample,TomspreadsrumorsintheinternetthatJackhassomekindofdiseases.ThiscanmakeotherstostayawayfromJack,makingJackfeelisolated.

2TheReasonofCampusBullying

2.1FromIndividualPerspective

Primaryandsecondaryschoolstudentsareallminors.Theyareatthepeaktimeofthegrowth.Atthistime,theirpsychologicaldevelopmentisrapidbutunstable.

Biologicallyspeaking,following“thelawofthejungle"isthenaturalofanimals.Humansare