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限定词代词
Grammar
6-7-8-9代词和限定词
代词和限定词的学习要点:
代词和限定词的区别
代词:
在句中既能当名词用,也能当形容词用,即,能作主语,宾语和定语;
限定词:
在句中使用是有限制的,不能单独存在,只能充当形容词用,作定语,修饰名词。
注意:
有些词有双重身份,既是代词,也是限定词
Form1.代词和限定词的种类
代词和限定词的种类
例词
1
人称代词personalpronoun(pron.)
人称代词的主格形式
I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they
人称代词的宾格形式
me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them
2
物主代词possessivepron.
名词性物主代词
mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs
3
物主限定词possessivedeterminer
形容词性物主代词
my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their
4
反身代词selfpron.
myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,
ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself
5
相互代词reciprocalpron.
eachother,oneanther
6
指示代词demonstrativepron.
this,that,these,those,such
7
指示限定词demonstrativedeterminer
this,that,these,those,such
8
疑问代词interrogativepron.
who,whom,whose,what,which
9
关系代词relativepron.
who,whom,whose,which,that,as
10
不定代词indefinitepron.
既可修饰可数名词,
也可以不可数名词
some,any,no,all,half,enough,other;
more,most,none;
一般修饰可数名词
many,manya,few,afew,fewer,several;
every,each;
one,either,neither,both;
another;
theformer,thelater;
一般修饰不可数名词
much,little,alittle,less,least;
复合词不定代词
(一般用动词单数)
somebody,someone,something;
anybody,anyone,anything;
nobody,noone,nothing;
11
不定限定词indefinitedeterminer
(可用作定语修饰名词)
both,all,any,each,every,one,
no,none;
other,another,either,neither,
many,some,few,afew;
much,little,alittle;
theformer,thelater
12
名词的属格
Tom’s,Today’s
13
冠词
定冠词
the
不定冠词
a,an
零冠词
不用冠词
14
数词
基数词
two,eight,hundred,thousand;
twohundredandthirtyseven;
序数词
second,eightieth,hundredth,thousandth
twenty-third
分数
onethird,threefourths,twofifths
2¾(twoandthreefourths)
小数点
0.3(zeropointthree);0.04(opointofour);
5.47(fivepointfourseven/fivepointfortyseven)
倍数
5times
Form2:
表示不确定的人或物的不定代词和不定限定词:
全部
“一”
部分
否定
复数
单数
“一个”
“另一个”
确定
非确定
用于两者
both
each
one
theother
one
either
neither
用于三者,及以上
all
each
every
one
another
some
any
none
no
Form3:
Such的用法(难点)
such在句中的位置
例句
1
such修饰单数名词时,在不定冠词前
He’s such a man.他就是这么一个人。
2
such修饰复数名词时,置名词前
Ihavebeeninvolvedinmanysuchcourses.
3
若名词前有one,no,any,some,all, many等,such则置该词后
everysuchpossibility每一个这样的可能性
anysuchplan任何这样的计划
There is no such thing.没有这么一回事。
4
such位于句首,须倒装
Such is my hope for the future.我对未来的希望就是这样。
Such were the facts.事实就是这样。
5
such…..that…表示“如此…以至于”,
用在从句不缺少句子成分时
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.(从句完整)
他的胳臂很长,(以至于)几乎能碰到天花板。
6
such…as…表示“如此…以至于”,用在从句缺少句子成分时,表示“像…一样”
She is such a good teacher just as we expect.(从句缺宾语)
正如我们所料(的一样),她是一位好老师。
7
suchas:
“例如,像”
I like drinks such as tea and soda.
我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。
8
assuch:
A)同样地,同量地;如所指的,
Heisachild,andmustbetreatedassuch.
Heisagoodman,andisknownassuchtoeveryone.
B)“本身”
Aname,assuch,meansnothing.姓名本身并无意义。
Success,assuch,doesn’talwaysbringshappiness.
成功本身并不总是带来幸福。
Wealth, as such doesn't matter much.财富本身算不了什么。
C)(用语否定句)“并不真是”
Itisnotanagreementassuch,butwillserveasone.
Itisnotagoodbookassuchbutithassomeinterestingpictures.
9
such and such:
“某某,这种那种的”
Such and such results follow from such and such causes.
这样那样的原因就产生这样那样的结果。
Form4:
前位、中位、后位限定词
限定词
例词
例句
1
pre-determiners
前位限定词:
表“全部,倍数,分数”等
all,both,half;/double,twice,threetimes;/¾,sucha
Hehassuchafunnycharacter.
2
centraldeterminers
中位限定词:
表示“特指,泛指”等
冠词,指示代词,物主,不定,名词属格):
a,the;/this;/my;/any,each,either/what(ever),which(ever),/Mary’s’;
Halfhislectureisdull.
Isawboththeboysthere.
Theywantatleastdoubletheirsalaries
One-thirdthatmeatisbad.
3
post-determiners
后位限定词:
表示“顺序和数量”
two/second,next/another/many,much,afew,thefewest,more,most/several,such/alotof,agreatnumberof,
Allthefirstimmigratescan
liveinnewhouses.
Hismanyfriendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.
suchbeautifulflowers
5.冠词的用法
类别
用法
冠词
the定冠词
1.特指theteacher
2.最高级thebiggest
3.世界独一无二的事物thesun
4.方向inthenorth
5.计量单位bythemonth
6.序数词thefourthline
7.年代inthe1990s
8.专有名词theUnitedStates
9.弹奏乐器playthepiano
10.当姓指一家人时theSmiths
11.当用形容词指一类人时theyoung
12.习语
a/an不定冠词
表示“一个”,“每个”
〇冠词
1.称呼waiter,president
2.三餐饭dinner
3.运动,颜色,游戏swimming,skating,red
4.有些建筑物school,college
5.交通工具bycar
6.节日SpringFestival
7.街道名称HudersonRoad
8.抽象名词、物质名词music,wood
9.疾病heartattack
10.学科mathematics
11.四季,月份summer,May
12.习语daybyday,arminarm,athome
Mainpointsofdefinitedeterminers不定限定词
Warmingup
Givethenamesofeachdeterminer:
e.g.Whatdoesthiswordmean?
Iboughtahousewhosewindowfacessouth.
John’sbrothergavemysisteralotofrecords,sometapes,threesongbooksandaCDplayer.
Thisisthesecondtimeforhimtodoso.
Theirhouseisaboutthreetimesthesizeofours.他们的房子大约是我们房子的三倍。
1.Classificationofdeterminers:
1)articles:
a,an,the,
2)possessivedeterminer(adj.):
my,mine
3)genitivenoun名词属格:
John’s,myfather’s
4)demonstrativedeterminer指示:
this,these,such
5)relativedeterminer关系:
whose,which
6)interrogativedeterminer疑问:
what,which
7)indefinitedeterminer不定:
no,each,either,neither,some,any,all,half,many,afew,alittle,enough,another
8)cardinalandordinalnumeral:
66,thesecond
9)Multiplicative倍数词andfractionalnumeral分数:
threetimes,twice,2/3
10)quantifier量词:
alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargenumberof
2.Collocationsbetweendeterminersandnouns
1)WithsingularN-sin.only:
与名词单数搭配
e.g.Eachoneofuswasaskedwhatwenton.我们每个人都被询问了发生了什么事。
Becauseoftyphoonneithershipmentwillarrivethisweek.
Neitherstatementistrue.(are--informal)
But:
Neitherofthebooksisofanyusetome.
可搭配的词:
each/neither/manya/sucha+(N-sin.)
2)WithbothN-sin./N-pl:
与单数/复数搭配
e.g.ThefirstimmigrantsfromThreeGorgesarrivedyesterday.
(可搭配的词:
thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thenext)
ThesecondquizisinOctober.
(thefirst)+N-pl,(thesecond)+N-sin
3.Wordorderofdefinitedeterminers限定词的的顺序
Order—‘pre-determiner+centraldeterminer+post-determiner’:
theorderofthethreedeterminers
‘前位-中位-后位限定词’的顺序
(Seep64)Doexercise6C
限定词
例词
例句
1
pre-determiners
前位限定词:
表示“全部,倍数,分数”等
all,both,half;/double,twice,threetimes;/¾,“such(a)+N”
Hehassuchafunnycharacter.
2
centraldeterminers
中位限定词:
表示“特指,泛指”等
articles,demonstrative,possessive;genitive(冠词,指示代词,物主代词,不定代词,名词属格):
a,an,the;/this,that,these,those;/my,your;/some,any,no,every,each,either,enough;/what(ever),which(ever),whose;/Mary’s,myfriends’;
Halfhislectureisdull.
Isawboththeboysthere.
Theywantatleastdoubletheirsalaries
One-thirdthatmeatisbad.
3
post-determiners
后位限定词:
表示“顺序和数量”
one,two/first,second,next,last/other,another/many,much,afew,few,little,alittle,thefewest,theleast,more,most/several,such/plentyof,alotof,lotsof,agreatnumberof,alargeamountof
Allthefirstimmigratescanliveinnewhouses.
Hismanyfriendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.
suchbeautifulflowers
Note:
Whensuchisusedwith“some,any,no,all,few,one,another,onesuch”,suchshouldbeusedaspost-determine.WeCAN’Tsay“someofsuch…..”;while“somesuch”isOK.
e.g.Asingleparent,oneofmanysuchpeopleintheneighborhood.单亲,这地区附近有许多这样的人
Iwantsomesuchbooks.
Thereisnosuchbook.(noneofsuchbooksX)/Thereisnosuchabook(informal)
Allsuchbooksshouldbeburnedup.
Haveyouevermetanysuchman?
Everysuchpersonisgoodforthecommunity.
Ineed3suchnovels.
Few(Many)suchdogsarenosale.
4.each,every
1)each,every这两个词都有“每个”的意义,each强调各别、各个,而every强调“全部、都”
e.g.Hegaveeachboyanapple.他给每个孩子一个苹果。
Fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohiswork.各尽所能,按劳分配。
Thesunshineseveryday.每天都是阳光灿烂。
Heisonlyforty-oneyearsold,andhehasalreadybeentonearlyeverycountry.
他只有41岁,而他已经几乎到过一切国家。
2)each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个;而every则通常用于指三个或三个以上的人或物中的一个。
如:
e.g.Treeshavebeenplantedoneachsideoftheroad.路的两旁都已种上了树。
Everychildintheclasspassedtheexamination.班上所有的学生考试都及格了。
3)注意each与动词位置的关系:
e.g.Theyeachhadtheirproblems.
Theyhadeachhisownproblem.
5.such
1)such修饰单数名词时,置不定冠词前;修饰复数名词时,置名词前。
e.g.He’s such a man.他就是这么一个人。
Ihavebeeninvolvedinmanysuchcourses.我参加过许多种这样的课程。
2)若名词前有one,no,any,some,all, many等,such则置该词后。
e.g.everysuchpossibility每一个这样的可能性
anysuchplan任何这样的计划
There is no such thing.没有这么一回事。
3)such位于句首,须倒装。
e.g.Such is my hope for the future.我对未来的希望就是这样。
Such were the facts.事实就是这样。
4)such…that…/such…as…的区别
--such…..that:
用在从句不缺少句子成分时,表示“如此…以至于”;
e.g.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.(从句完整)
他的胳臂很长,(以至于)几乎能碰到天花板。
--such…..as:
用在从句缺少句子成分时,表示“像…一样”。
e.g.She is such a good teacher just as we expect.
(从句缺宾语) 正如我们所料,她是一位好老师。
5)such as/as such的区别:
▪--suchas:
“例如,像”
e.g.I like drinks such as tea and soda.我喜欢诸如茶和汽水之类的饮料。
▪--assuch:
A)同样地,同量地;如所指的,照那样的
e.g.Heisachild,andmustbetreatedassuch.
Heisagoodman,andisknownassuchtoeveryone.
B)本身
e.g.Aname,assuch,meansnothing.姓名本身并无意义。
Success,assuch,doesn’talwaysbringshappiness.成功本身并不总是带来幸福。
Ihavenoprejudiceagainstforeignersassuch,butIdon’tthinktheyshouldbeallowedtotakeworkfromourownpeople.(取代)
Wealth, as such doesn't matter much.财富本身算不了什么。
C)(用语否定句)并不真是
e.g.Itisnotanagreementassuch,