从精神分析视角看盖茨比的人格.docx

从精神分析视角看盖茨比的人格.docx

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从精神分析视角看盖茨比的人格

APsychoanalyticalInterpretationofGatsby’sPersonality

从精神分析视角看盖茨比的人格

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Abstract

ThethesisaimstointerpretTheGreatGatsbyfromGatsby’spersonalityfromFreudianpsychoanalysis,specificallytripartitepersonalitystructure,givingadifferentinterpretationofGatsby’stragedywiththeanalysisofthesurrenderoftheego.Withtheexpressionoftheid,theegoandthesuperego,itwillshowthecauseswhichplayanessentialroleoftheformingofGatsby’spersonality.AndviatheanalysisofthecertainplotsreflectingthecollisionamongGatsby’stripartitepersonalitystructure,thepaperwilldetecthowtheegosparesnoeffortstostriveforthelibidotoaccomplishtheAmericanDreambutfinallysurrenderstotherepressionundertheidandthesuperego.TheseverepressurefromtheidandthesuperegoleadstothemalfunctionoftheegowhenGatsbyfacesboththeshortcuttotheAmericanDreamandtheanxietytowardsthemorality.AccordingtotheinterpretationofGatsby’spersonality,readerscanrereadthenovelfromadifferentperspectiveandcomprehendthechangeableandcomplicatedmoodandbehaviorsofGatsby.ExperiencingthemoodofGatsbywhilethereisaneasybutunethicalwayprovidedbytheidandthehashoppressionexertedbythesuperego,readerswilltastethehelplessnessoftheeraandhaveabetterunderstandingofGatsby’stragedyindepth.

Keywords:

tripartitepersonalitystructure;collision;malfunction

摘要

本文以盖茨比的人格为切入点解读《了不起的盖茨比》的悲剧，运用弗洛伊德的三层人格结构分析主人公盖茨比的悲剧在于其自我的屈服。

通过呈现盖茨比的本我，自我和超我以及对截取情节的分析，了解其复杂人格的形成的重要原因和解析盖茨比的自我和本我与超我的关系，分析其自我是如何争取能量实现超我的要求但最终屈服于本我与超我的双重压迫。

通过自我因本我的利诱和超我的威逼而失调这一理论，解读盖茨比对美国梦的执着和在道德前的焦虑心理。

读者以三层人格结构理解盖茨比多变的复杂的心境和挣扎，更深刻地知道盖茨比的人格悲剧也是身处时代的无奈。

关键词：

三层人格结构；碰撞；妥协

Contents

Acknowledgments……………………………………………………….……

Abstract.....……………………………………………………….……….……......

摘要………………………………………………………………………………

1.Introduction…………………………………………………………...……….1

1.1Briefintroductiontotheauthor……………………………..……….1

1.2Literaturereview……………………………………………..……….1

1.3Thepurposeoftheresearch……………………………………..……….2

1.4Thedefinitionsof“Id,EgoandSuper-ego”……………………..……….3

2.Thepresentationoftripartitepersonalitystructure………...………...4

2.1ThepresentationofGatsby’sid……………………………………..……….6

2.1.1Thefamilybackground…………………………………...6

2.1.2Theextravagantlife………………………………………6

2.1.3Thedistortedlove………………………………………...7

2.2ThepresentationofGatsby’sego…………………….…………….9

2.2.1Thepursuitofwealth………………………………………...10

2.2.2Thepursuitoflove………………………………………10

2.3ThepresentationofGatsby’ssuperego…….........……….….....11

2.3.1TheAmericanDream………………………………………...13

2.3.2Theanxietyovermorality………………………………………13

3.Themalfunctionoftheego…………………………...……………...15

3.1ThemeetinginGatsby’sgarden…………………………………………...18

3.2ThecontentionbetweenTomandJay……………………………………...18

3.3Theego’ssurrender………………………………………………...…………19

4.Conclusion……………………………………………….……………………22

References………………………………………………..………………………25

致谢………………………………………………………………………

英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………

1.前言………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1作者生平…………………………………………………………1

1.2文献综述………………………………………………………………1

1.3研究目的………………………………………………………………3

1.4三部人格结构的定义……………………………………………4

2.三部人格结构的呈现…………………………………………………6

2.1本我的表现………………………………………………………6

2.1.1家庭背景……………………………………………………………6

2.1.2奢侈的生活…………………………………………………………7

2.1.3扭曲的爱……………………………………………………………9

2.2自我的表现…………………………………………………………10

2.2.1追富……………………………………………………………………10

2.2.2逐爱……………………………………………………………………11

2.3超我的表现……………………………………………………………13

2.3.1半实现的美国梦…………………………………………………………13

2.3.2在道德前的焦虑…………………………………………………………15

3.自我的失衡………………………………………………………………18

3.1花园私谈…………………………………………………………………18

3.2汤姆与杰伊的对话……………………………………………19

3.3自我的妥协………………………………………………………………22

4.结语…………………………………………………………………………24

参考文献………………………………………………………………………25

APsychoanalyticalInterpretationofGatsby’sPersonalityinTheGreatGatsby

1.Introduction

1.1Briefintroductiontotheauthor

F.ScottFitzgerald,bornonSeptember24,1896inamiddle-classfamilyinSt.Paul,isanoutstandingpoetlaureateoftheJazzAgeandapreeminent“chronicler”inAmericanliterature.InDoubleSelf-consciousnessinFitzgeraldNovels,itissaidthatheisanimportantnovelistinthetwentieswhohaslegendaryexperienceshailedasthekingoftheliteraryasfamousasHemingwayandFaulkner（Qin1）.

Mostofhisworkswithhispersonaltrueexperienceinthatgrotesqueage,portraypicturesoftheparticularlivinglife,showthevaluesaswellasthecontradictorypsychologyofpeopleandexpressthegriefmoodtowardsthetransformationofthesociety.HisworksThisSideofParadise,TheBeautifulandtheDamned,TheGreatGatsby,TenderisNight,AlltheSadYoungManandTapsatReveillearenotonlysimilarinthemes,butalsohavehimselfinaccordancewiththeprototypemodeltoshapetheimageofthosemainrolesinthatlegendaryperiod.HismasterpieceTheGreatGatsbywhichdescribesapproximatelyuptothefirstfewdecadesofthetwentiethcenturythewholeoftheAmericanexperienceisconsideredasthefirststepthatAmericanfictionhasbeentakensinceHenryJamessaidbyT.S.EliotinASurveyofAmericanLiterature（220）.

Fitzgeraldwasessentiallyapartof1920sandeventuallydiedwithit.Thereflectionisthatheknewitwellandsawitironically,buthestillsparednoeffortstowriteabouttheroaring20sinhislastworkTheLastTycoonuntilhisdeathcame.HewasthespokesmanofarevealingandcrucialperiodofAmerica.

1.2Literaturereview

TheGreatGatsbyissocaptivatinganovelthatmanyresearchesinChinahavebeendonefromdiverseperspectives.ThesepaperscanbedividedintotheinterpretationofAmericanDream,theriseoffeminismandthemainstreamofmalechauvinism,thetechniquesinthenovel,thearchetypeofGatsbyandtheanalysisofdifferentcharacters.ManyscholarstendtoadoptexternalandinternalcausestostudyGatsby’stragedy.

XiaoDongpoillustratestheprocessandthecharacteristicsofAmericanDreamfromrisingtofallingintheroaring20s.InfluencedbytheAmericaDream,youngstersregardfortuneasthemarkofsuccessandequatematerialwithdream,thatis,theyresortstounscrupulousmeanstoamasstheirfortunes.“TheDisillusionofAmericaDreaminTheGreatGatsby”depictsrealisticallythetimeandsatirizestheerabycharacters’analysisandcomparisonsamongthevaluesofmoneyandlifestyles.

In“OntheLoveWritinginTheGreatGatsby”,LiaoJuandiscussestwotypesoflove,concretelyanalyzingdifferentcharacters’attitudesofloveandprobingintotheviewoflove.Liaothinksofthelovetragedyasaconsequenceoftheunsynchronizationofmaterialprogressandspiritpromotion.Offeringthatthespiritshouldbepromotedwiththeconstantlychangingmaterialprogress,itreallygivesasignificantandusefulimplicationinmodernsociety.

In“AFeministinterpretationofTheGreatGatsby---Daisy,theVictimofGatsby'sAmericanDream”,XukeinterpretsDaisyinfeminismfromtheanalysisofdifferentwritingtechniquessuchasthenarration,imageryandcharacterizationtorevealthatDaisyisavictimofthemainstreamofmalechauvinismatthatage.Nickasthefirst-personnarratorandobserverfunctionsasthemoralstandardtomisleadreadersbypresentingDaisyasaselfishandamoralwoman.ItisquitedifferentfromJodan’sviewthatDaisyisafeeblewomanwhoisbraveenoughtopursueherloveandstruggleagainstthearrangedmarriage.Foranotherwritingtechnique,theimageryiscloselytoobjectification.DaisyiscomparedwiththeimageofroseandaladderforGatsby.XuanalyzesDaisyfromvariousperspectivestoprovethatDaisyisavictimratherthanavictimizer.QuiteafewoftheseinterpretGatsby’stragedyfrompsychoanalyticschool.

HuMingtaoholdsaviewthataccordingtoLucan’stheory,Gatsby’stragedyisnotsomuchduetohisambitiontoclimbuptotheupperclass,butduetohisconfusionofthedifferencesbetweenhimselfandDaisyandTom,especiallyhismisrecognitionabouttherealandimaginaryorder.Thepaperputsforwardalienation,averynewidea,whichgivesauniqueexplanationwhyGatsbyistragicwhenherefuseshisownnameandfailstogetrecognitionfromtheuppercirclewhichhewaseagertoenterinto.

LiuAnraninterweavesthesocialbackground,theauthorandcharacterswithFreud’stripartitepersonalitystructure,Adler’sinferiorityandsuperiority.Itisveryreasonabletoconnectsocialbackground,cultureandFitzgerald’slifeexperienceswiththecharacters’thoughtsandactsandtodiscussthedriveofthestruggleofboththemaincharacterandFitzgerald.Liu’sinterpretationsofthecharacters’complicatedinnerworldandtheliterarythemesarealwaysinseparablefromsocietyandhistory.Mythesisattemptstore-readthenovelfromFreudiantripartitepersonalitystructuresoastoexploretheexpressionofandrelationshipamongGatsby’sid,egoandsuperegoandinterpretthetragedyoftheprotagonist.

1.3Thepurposeoftheresearch

WeknowthatmanyresearcheshavebeendoneonthetragedyofTheGreatGatsby,payingparticularattentiontotheinterpretationsofsocialbackground,theanalysisoffiguresaswellastheidealismoflove（Wang113）.Whereas,IthinkthatGatsby’sownpersonalityshouldbemorevaluedbecauseitisofgreatimportancewhenGatsbymadedecisionsandtookactions.Moreover,adoptingFreudianpsychoanalysistoanalyzeGatsby’spersonality,wecancomprehendthetragedyinamoresystematicand“interesting”angle.Frommypointofview,scholarshaven’ttakengreatnoticeofGatsby’spersonality--therelationshipamongego,idandsuperegoofGatsbyviatheanalysisof