英语政治演讲的语言特点和翻译方法.docx

英语政治演讲的语言特点和翻译方法.docx

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英语政治演讲的语言特点和翻译方法

N学科分类号050201

题目英语政治演讲的语言特点和翻译方法

二○一年月

DECLARATION

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theundersigned,herebydeclarethatthisessaydoesnotcontainanymaterialwhichhasbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherhigherdegreeorgraduatediplomainanytertiaryinstitutionandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,thisessaydoesnotcontainanymaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherperson,exceptwhenduereferenceismadeinthetextoftheessay.

Signed:

Dated:

CONTENTS

AbstractinEnglish….....................……………………………………………….........................1

AbstractinChinese....................................................................................................2Ⅰ.Introduction…...................................................................................................................3

1.1ResearchBackground………………………………………………………………..…....3

1.2ResearchPurpose………………………………………………………………..…….…..3

1.3ResearchSignificance………………………………...…………………………………...3

Ⅱ.TheoreticalFrameworks……………………………………………………………………...4

2.1TheDefinitionofPhaticCommunion…………………………………………………….4

2.2TheOriginofPhaticCommunion…………………………………………………..……4

Ⅲ.DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishPhaticCommunion……………………….………5

3.1DifferentBackgroundsofDifferentPhaticCommunionbetweenChineseandWestern

Cultures…………..………………………………………………………………..………5

3.2ChineseandWesternThinkinginDifferentWaysontheDifferentCausesbytheTraditionalGreetings……….…………………………………………………………..…7

3.3DifferentCommunicativeHabitsduetoDifferencesinGreetingsbetweenChinaandAmerica……………………………………………………………………….……..…....8

Ⅳ.Conclusion......………………......…………………..........……………..………….....…..…10

Bibliography...................................................................................................................................11

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….….......12

Abstract

Inthe21stcentury,withtheadvanceofhumansocietyandtheprogressoftechnology,theinternationalcommunicationbetweenChinaandothercountrieshasbecomemorefrequentthanbefore.Owingtorapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandglobalization,peoplearenotmerelysatisfiedwithknowingwhathappenedintheirownnationalpoliticalcircle.Politicalspeeches,especiallyEnglishpoliticalspeeches,asthemajormediatospreadpoliticalthoughtsandreportpoliticalevents,arecapableofmakingpeopleknowmoreaboutinternationalpolitics.

Duetolinguisticandculturallimitations,however,Chineseaudiencesorreaderscannotunderstandpoliticalspeechesinforeignlanguageverywell.Thus,theChinesetranslationofEnglishpoliticalspeechisattachedgreatsignificance.

Underthecurrentbackgroundoffast-pacedlifestyle,theconcisenessandthegeneralityofEnglishpoliticalspeechesallowreaderstoacquiremorepoliticalinformationwithintheprecioustime.TheappropriatetranslatedversionofEnglishpoliticalspeechwilldeterminewhethertheoriginalpoliticalspeechescandrawreaders’attentionornot.Therefore,thetranslationofEnglishpoliticalspeechesisbecomingespeciallyimportant.

.

Keywords:

Englishpoliticalspeech;linguisticfeatures;comparisonbetweenEnglishpoliticalspeechesandChinesepoliticalspeeches;translationstrategies

摘要

进入21世纪以来，人类社会不断进步，科技发展日新月异，尤其是国际间的交流日益频繁。

资讯科技和全球化的迅速发展使得人们不单单满足于了解本国政界所发生的事情。

政治演讲，尤其是英语政治演讲，作为一种表达政治思想和报道政治事件的主要传播媒介，能使人们知道更多世界上的政治问题。

然而由于语言和文化的局限，中国观众或读者并不能很好地读懂外语政治演讲。

因此，英语政治演讲的汉译在促进国际交流方面便起到了极为关键的作用。

在当今快节奏生活的大背景下，英语政治演讲的简练性和概括性能够让读者在宝贵时间内获得更多政治信息！

对英语政治演讲进行适当的汉译也决定了能否吸引中国读者。

所以英语政治演讲的翻译也就尤为重要。

关键词：

英语政治演讲的语言特点;中文政治演讲与英语政治演讲的比较;翻译策略

Ⅰ.Introduction

1.1DefinitionsofPoliticalSpeech

Politicalspeechisacrucialtypeofpublicspeaking.Itisspecificforthemanifestationofthestandpointandpropositioninthefieldofdomesticpoliticalaffairsanddiplomaticrelationships.Namely,thespeechesaremadebypoliticiansordelegatesofsomeorganizationsorauthoritieswhointendtoconveysomepoliticalpropositionsandviewpoints.TheremarkablepoliticalspeechlikeIhaveadream,madebyMartinLutherKing.

1.2CharacteristicsofEnglishPoliticalSpeech

Generallyspeaking,therearetotallythreecharacteristicsofpoliticalspeech.Itwillbebeneficialforustocomprehendpoliticalspeechbymasteringtheircharacteristics.

1.2.1PoliticalTopics

Thistypeofspeechreferstosomevitalpoliticissueswhichrelatetonation,party,reform,peaceandprogress.Speakersshouldclearlyexpresstheirpoliticalinclination,declaretheirpoliticalopinions,andtryeveryefforttocontrolthegeneraldirectionofhistoricaldevelopment.

1.2.2MotivationalContents

Thistypeofspeechhascertainpoliticpurposethatmakesaudienceacquaintwiththeadministrativeprogramorpoliticstandpoints.Then,thespeakercouldgaintheunderstandingandsupportofaudiences,whichisthemostbasicpurposeofspeech.Therefore,thistypeofspeechhasthefeatureofmotivationalcontentsandemotionalpersuasion.

1.2.3PreciseLogics

Theinspiringpoliticalspeechneedstodemonstratetheunimpeachablelogicalityintheprocessofraising,analyzingandsolvingthepoliticalproblem.Onlyinthelogicalwaycanmakethepoliticalspeechmorereasonableandacceptabletoaudiences.

1.3FunctionsandUseofPoliticalSpeech

Firstly,politiciansmakeapoliticalspeechtoclarifytheirpoliticalideas,policiesaswellastargetsoftheiradministration.Accordingly,theymaygaintheunderstandingandsupportofthevotersandthepopulace.Thiskindofspeechisusuallyconveyedtothepublicbymediainpoliticalrallies,campaignsitesonsomespecialmemorialdays.Secondly,politicalspeechmustexpresscertainstandpointssothatitcouldcatchpeople’sattentionandincreasetherelevantparty’ssupportrate.Finally,deliveringpoliticalspeechcanmakepoliticians’viewscometrue,increasetheirpoliticalawarenessaswell.

Ⅱ.The linguistic Featuresof English PoliticalSpeech

2.1RhetoricFeaturesofEnglishPoliticalSpeech

RhetoricisoriginatedfromthefourthcenturyB.C,anditjustreferredtooralpresentationskillsatthattime,whichpeopleusedtosay“argumentation”.InRhetoric,Aristotleeverdefinedrhetoricasafunctionofpersuasionthatcouldbefoundinanyquestion（Roberts,1924:

281-286）.Attheendof17thcentury,JoneLocke,anEnglishphilosophercalledrhetoricas“oratory”,whichisakindofartthatcanexpressdecency,graceandpower（Huang,1996:

2）.

2.1.1TheUsageofParallelism

Parallelismisonerhetoricmethodthatisthemostusefullinguisticformtoachievethepurposeofemphasis. Inotherwords,itisthemostsuitablerhetoricmethodforEnglishpoliticalspeech. Thisformmaygathersentencesorpartsofspeechsuchasnouns,adjectivesandverbs. Theusageofparallelismmakespeoplefeelmoreexcitingthroughthestrongsenseoflinguistic rhythm.What’smore,italsocouldmakespeechmoreconciseandmakesentencestructuresmorebalanced. Forexample,MarinLutherKingused“Nowisthetimeto… ”fourtimesinhisspeechtoemphasizethat it’s timeforblackpeopletowakeupandconductrevolution, it’s timefor American governmenttofulfillitspromise,toabolishracesegregationaswellastorequireequalityandfreedom.Theparalleledsentencessuccessfullyenhancethemomentumoflanguage,stressthingsandcreateastrongsenseofpictures.

2.1.2TheUsageof Repetition

Speakers userepetitionwiththepurposeofemphasizingacertainmeaningorhighlightingacertainemotion,which coulddrawthereaders’ orlisteners’ attentionby repeatingkeywordsandkeyconceptsso that theycouldhaveaprofoundimpression. Forexample, youcouldsee the repetitionof thetopicsentencein HillaryClinton’scampaignspeech.Theusageofrepetitioncouldmakethewholespeechmore cohesive andcoherent.  What’smore, itisusefulforlistenerstoremembertheaimoftherally,speakoutourcommonpeople’sdesires:

everyonehastherightofdemocracy,freedomandequality.

2.1.3TheUsageofAlliteration

Themajorrhetoricinphonologicalspeechisalliterationandsoundsymbolism.Alliterationistherepetitionofthesameletteratthebeginningoftwoormorewordsimmediatelysucceedingeachother,oratshortintervalsinordertostrengthentherhythmofspeech. Infact,deliveringaspeechisequaltosayingsomething,thus it’snecessarytoplaceemphasis onrhymesothatthespeechcouldbecatchy. Itisrhymethatendowsthewholespeechwithstrongtempos,sonoroustonesandinspirations. Forexample,“weshouldnotdemeanourdemocracywiththepoliticsofdistraction,denialanddespair.”ThissentenceisaddressedbyALGore,thevicepresidentoftheUS,therearefivewordswiththesameletter“d”.Thesealliteratedwordsstrengthentherhyme,moodaswellasconnotationofthesentence,whichformphoneticalalignment.

2.1.4 TheApplicationofSimile

Inordertoachievecommonsense,Englishpoliticalspeecheshavetopayattentiontothestructureofsentences.Thereareavarietyofsentencestructuresandfiguresofspeech.Amongthem,simileandmetaphorareoftenusedinEnglishpoliticalspeeches,politiciansoftenusethemtomakethespeechmorelivelyandunderstandable.Therefore,thespeechwillbeacceptedmoreeasily.Forexample,inordertoshowhisnegativejudgmentstowardracialsegregationanddiscrimination,MartinLutherKinguse “abadcheck” and“insufficientfunds” tosymbolizethedelayofkeepingapromise, “ alonelyisland”and “darkanddesolatevalley” tosymbolizeracialsegregationanddiscrimination,“swelteringsummer” tosymbolizethespeaker’sdissatisfactionandnegativejudgementofracialsegregationandracial