陕西省高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题五 阅读理解.docx

陕西省高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题五 阅读理解.docx

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陕西省高考英语二轮复习题型技法指导专题五阅读理解

2013年高考第二轮复习英语陕西版

题型技法指导

专题五　阅读理解

真题试做

A

（2012·陕西高考，A）

Whatbringsanationtogether？

Ofthefourchoices—sharedvalues，language，history，andreligion，it'ssharedvalues.Inourlatestpoll（民意调查），sevenoutof16countrieschosevaluesasthegreatestfactor（因素）bringinganationtogether，andsixpreferredlanguage.Bothchoicesscoredhighinthepoll，suggestingthatourvaluesandhowweexpressthemarecloselylinked.Still，historywasnotforgotteninsomecountries，particularlyinMexicoandRussia.EvenCanadaandtheUnitedStateschosenationalhistoriesasthesecondmostimportantfactorunitingtheirpeople.Thebiggestsurprise？

Notonecountrypickedreligionasitstopchoice.

Respectyourelders

Inmostcountries，theoldestgenerationconsideredvaluesmoreimportanttoanationthandidthosewhoareunder45yearsold.

DoyouspeakCanadian?

LanguagescoredlowerinCanadathaninallothercountriespolled，perhapsbecausethecountryspeakstwoofficiallanguages，FrenchandEnglish.

Churchandstate

Mostpeoplepolleddonotconnecttheirreligiousbeliefstotheirnationalpride.Religionrankedlastin13countries—withFrancescoringitat1%，thelowestofall.

1．Accordingtothepoll，whatwasthemostimportantfactorinbringinganationtogether?

A．Language.　　　　　　　B．Values.

C．History.D．Religion.

2．Inwhichcountrydidlanguagescorethelowestintheirnationalpride?

A．Canada.B．Mexico.

C．France.D．America.

3．Accordingtothecharts，sharedvaluesandlanguagewereconsideredequallyimportantin______.

A．AustraliaB．Brazil

C．ChinaD．India

B

（2012·陕西高考，B）

ThreeBoysandaDad

BradclosedthedoorslowlyasSuelefthometovisithermother.Expectingawholedaytorelax，hewasthinkingwhethertoreadthenewspaperorwatchhisfavouriteTVtalkshowonhisfirstdayoffinmonths.“Thiswillbelikeawalkinthepark，”he'dtoldhiswife.“I'lllookafterthekids，andyoucangovisityourmom.”

Thingsstartedwell，butjustaftereighto'clock，histhreelittle“goodkids”—Mike，Randy，andAlex—camedownthestairsintheirnightclothesandshouted“breakfast，daddy.”Whenfoodhadnotappearedwithinthirtyseconds，RandybeganusinghisspoononAlex'sheadasifitwereadrum.Alexstartedtoshoutloudlyintimetothebeat（节拍）．Mikechanted“Where'smytoast，where'smytoast”inthebackground.Bradrealisedhisnewspaperwouldhavetowaitforafewseconds.

Lifebecameworseafterbreakfast.MikeworeRandy'sunderwearonhishead.Randylockedhimselfinthebathroom，whileAlexshoutedagainbecausehewasgoingtowethispants.Nobodycouldfindcleansocks，althoughtheywerebeforetheirveryeyes.Someonenamed“NotMe”hadspilledawholeglassoforangejuiceintothebasketofcleanclothes.Bradknewthetalkshowhadalreadystarted.

Byteno'clock，thingswereoutofcontrol.Alexwaswonderingwhythefishinthejarrefusedhisbreadandbutter.Mikewastryingtoshowoffhistalentbydecoratingthekitchenwallwithhiscolourpencils.Randy，thankfully，appearedtobereadingquietlyinthefamilyroom，butcloserexaminationshowedthathewaseatingapplejamstraightfromthebottlewithhishands.Bradrealisedthatthetalkshowwasoverandreadingwouldbeimpossible.

Atexactly11：

17，Bradcalledthedaycarecentre（日托所）．“Isuddenlyhavetogointoworkandmywife'saway.CanIbringtheboysoverinafewminutes？

”Theanswerwasobviously“yes”becauseBradwassmiling.

4．Whenhiswifelefthome，Bradexpectedto______.

A．gooutforawalkinthepark

B．watchTVtalkshowwithhischildren

C．enjoyhisfirstdayoffwork

D．readthenewspapertohischildren

5．WhichofthefollowingdidRandydo?

A．Drawingonthewall.

B．Eatingapplejam.

C．Feedingthefish.

D．Readinginaroom.

6．WhydidBradaskthedaycarecentreforhelp?

A．Becausehewantedtocleanuphishouse.

B．Becausehesuddenlyhadtogotohisoffice.

C．Becausehefoundithardtomanagehisboys.

D．Becausehehadtotakehiswifebackhome.

7．Thistextisdeveloped______.

A．byspaceB．bycomparison

C．byprocessD．bytime

C

（2012·陕西高考，C）

Eatingtoomuchfattyfood，exercisingtoolittleandsmokingcanraiseyourfutureriskofheartdisease.Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately：

theairyoubreathe.

Previousstudieshavelinkedhighexposure（暴露）toenvironmentalpollutiontoanincreasedriskofheartproblems，buttwoanalysesnowshowthatpoorairqualitycanleadtoheartattackorstroke（中风）withinaslittleasafewhoursafterexposure.Inonereviewoftheresearch，scientistsfoundthatpeopleexposedtohighlevelsofpollutants（污染物）wereupto5%morelikelytosufferaheartattackwithindaysofexposurethanthosewithlowerexposure.AseparatestudyofstrokepatientsshowedthatevenairthattheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）considerstobeof“moderate”（良好）qualityandrelativelysafeforourhealthcanraisetheriskofstrokeasmuchas34%within12to14hoursofexposure.

Theauthorsofbothstudiesstressthattheserisksarerelativelysmallforhealthypeopleandcertainlymodestcomparedwithotherriskfactorssuchassmokingandhighbloodpressure.However，itisimportanttobeawareofthesedangersbecauseeveryoneisexposedtoairpollutionregardlessoflifestylechoices.SostricterregulationbytheEPAofpollutantsmaynotonlyimproveenvironmentalairqualitybutcouldalsobecomenecessarytoprotectpublichealth.

8．Thetextmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetween______.

A．heartproblemsandairquality

B．heartproblemsandexercising

C．heartproblemsandsmoking

D．heartproblemsandfattyfood

9．Theunderlinedword“modest”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans______.

A．relativelyhighB．extremelylow

C．relativelylowD．extremelyhigh

10．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A．Eatingfattyfoodhasimmediateeffectsonyourheart.

B．TheEPAconductedmanystudiesonairquality.

C．Moderateairqualityismoreharmfulthansmoking.

D．Stricterregulationsonpollutantsshouldbemade.

11．Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthetextismostlikelyto______.

A．informB．persuade

C．describeD．entertain

D

（2012·陕西高考，D）

Springiscoming，anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs.Competitionistough，sojobseekersmustcarefullyconsidertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing，ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus，buttheworkplacemaynot.

Ahighschoolnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairforcompaniestodiscouragevisibletattoos（纹身）noserings，orcertaindressstyles.Itistrueyoucan'tjudgeabookbyitscover，yetpeopledo“cover”themselvesinordertoconvey（传递）certainmessages.Whatwewear，includingtattoosandnoserings，isanexpressionofwhoweare.Justaspeopleconveymessagesaboutthemselveswiththeirappearances，sodocompanies.Dressstandardsexistinthebusinessworldforanumberofreasons，butthemainconcernisoftenaboutwhatcustomersaccept.

Othersmaysayhowtodressisamatterofpersonalfreedom，butforbusinessesitismoreaboutwhethertomakeorlosemoney.Mostemployersdocareaboutthepersonalappearancesoftheiremployees（雇员），becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomers.

AsahiringmanagerIampaidtochoosethepeoplewhowouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers.Thereareplentyofwellqualifiedcandidates，soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.EventhoughIamopenminded，Ican'texpectallourcustomersare.

Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimplybecauseheorsheisunwillingtorespectitsstandards，aslongasitsstandardsarelegal.

12．Whichofthefollowingisthenewspapereditor'sopinionaccordingtoParagraph2?

A．People'sappearancescarrymessagesaboutthemselves.

B．Customers'choicesinfluencedressstandardsincompanies.

C．Candidateswithtattoosornoseringsshouldbefairlytreated.

D．Strangedressstylesshouldnotbeencouragedintheworkplace.

13．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A．Candidateshavetowearwhatcompaniespreferforaninterview.

B．Whattowearisnotamatterofpersonalchoiceforcompanies.

C．Companiessometimeshavetochangetorespecttheircandidates.

D．Hiringmanagersmakethebestimpressionontheircandidates.

14．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．EmployeesMatter

B．PersonalChoicesMatter

C．AppearancesMatter

D．HiringManagersMatter

15．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsstrangedressstylesintheworkplacemaybestbedescribedas______.

A．enthusiasticB．negative

C．positiveD．sympathetic

考向分析

分析近几年高考试题，可以发现阅读理解题呈现如下特点：

1．选材真实，题材、体裁多样

材料大多为时文，与社会日常生活息息相关，情景真实、明确，具有浓厚的时代气息。

这种关注实际生活的选材特点已呈现出明显的增强趋势。

题材多样化，信息丰富，包括日常生活、科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、新闻、史地、人物传记等等；体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等。

2011～2012年高考陕西卷阅读理解文体与题材统计：

2010

文体

应用文

报道

记叙文

议论文

题材

人脑疑问

纽约救落水儿童

生活在1900年的房子的感受

电子垃圾信息

2011

文体

广告

人物传记

记叙文

议论文

题材

介绍订票及优惠情况

居里夫的大女儿Irene

梦想和努力

转基因

2012

文体

广告

记叙文

说明文

议论文

题材

民族凝聚力因素调查

父亲与三个孩子

呼吸空气对人健康的影响

着装问题

2．阅读量大、信息丰富

考查阅读能力的一个重要方面是阅读速度，较大的阅读量和信息量对考生的阅读技能是一种有效的检测方法。

近几年高考试题都保持了较大的词汇量，所涉及的内容广泛而深刻，对于词汇能力的考查也继续保持了较高的要求，为考生提供了施展阅读才能的机会和十分开阔的思维空间。

3．语篇结构复杂

阅读材料在保留了其原有的语言风格基础上，加大了语篇结构的难度。

作者在阐述问题时使用了多种语篇的手段和修辞方法，文章的展开不全是平铺直叙，而是间有倒叙、插叙等多种方式。

行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序富于变化，隐含信息较多，再加上阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的遣词造句趋于地道，因此，许多文段读起来感到“生涩”，有时读懂了文字，但不一定能够立刻领悟语篇的意思，常常要反复阅读几次才能读懂。

4．语言难度较大

具体表现在语句的长度、措辞的灵活性、一定量的生词以及替代和省略手段的运用上。

简单句、复合句、虚拟语气、结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象随处可见，而且多种时态混用。

词汇运用要求更高，活用词比比皆是，一词多义、熟词生义现象更是频繁出现。

5．题型设置合理

设题手法更加灵活，设题方式呈多样化的趋势，不仅考查对文中特定信息的理解和把握，还涉及文章的主旨要义、作者的态度意图等深层理解题。

2011～2012年陕西阅读理解题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主。

总的来说，2012年高考阅读理解试题维系了以往一贯的命题风格，难度也和以往保持一致，生词数量控制合理。

文章在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性相结合，信息量大，题材与体裁广泛的特点。

答题步骤

1．快速浏