中考初三专项复习被动语态学案.docx
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中考初三专项复习被动语态学案
中考初三专项复习被动语态学案
一、学习目标
1.掌握被动语态的结构
2.掌握从主动语态转换成被动语态的方法
观察句子
ArecorderisusedinourEnglishclasseveryday.
Footballisplayedallovertheworld.
Acameraisusedfortakingphotos.
Abankwasrobbedyesterday.
Aman-madesatellitewassentupintospacelastyear.
Thetreemustbeplantedontheground.
Thegroundwillbecoveredwithtreesinafewyears’time.
Theywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.
Atalkwillbegivensoon.
Lookandfindoutthesimilarities（相同点）:
Footballisplayedallovertheworld.
Acameraisusedfortakingphotos.
Abankwasrobbedyesterday.
Aman-madesatellitewassentupintospacelastyear.
Thetreemustbeplantedontheground.
Thegroundwillbecoveredwithtreesinafewyears’time.
Theywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.
Atalkwillbegivensoon.
二、知识讲解
Conclusion:
（一）
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
被动语态：
主语是动作的承受者
被动语态的构成：
be+动词过去分词
如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时句子后面需接by…，译为“被（由）……”。
各个时态的被动语态
被动语态的否定句和疑问句
主动语态如何改成被动语态？
小测试：
请把下列句子转换成被动语态
1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.
2.Heboughtmeanewbikeyesterday.
3.Thebossmadehimdotheheavyworkintheolddays.
4.Tommusthandinthecompositionafterclass.
Conclusion:
（二）
主动语态如何改成被动语态？
1.主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。
2.主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。
do→bedone
3.注意保持时态和人称的一致。
4.带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。
当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词:
to或for.
如:
give→begivento此类动词还有:
pass,show,send…
再如:
buy→beboughtfor此类动词还有:
make,draw,cook,mend…
5.一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语,改成被动语态时,to必须还原。
注意：
1.不及物动词（vi.）不用被动语态。
如:
happen、takeplace、appear、disappear…
例句：
Atrafficaccident_________（happen）justnow.
2.连系动词（Link.v.）不用被动语态。
如:
be、look、seem、feel、sound、smell、taste、get、turn、become…
例句：
PekingOpera_________（sound）beautiful.
3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态。
例句：
Thepen_____（write）veryfast.
Thiskindofsweater____（sell）well.
被动语态的其他注意事项：
1.适合被动语态的情况
不知道谁是动作的执行者，或由于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时
例句：
Thisjacketismadeofcotton.
Thebookwaswrittenforchildren.
需要突出或强调动作的承受者时
例句：
Foodisneededbyeverylivingthing.
Englishiswidelyusednowadays.
2.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况
当宾语是反身代词时
例句：
ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.
Ifoundmyselfinthepark.
当谓语是表状态的及物动词时
例句：
Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?
Wewillhaveameeting.
三、练习环节
1.Ifthework____,youcangoandplaygames.
A.finishedB.hasfinished
C.willbefinishedD.isfinished
2.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade____intheclassroom.
A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed
3.Kate___theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.
A.haswrittenB.waswritten
C.hadwrittenD.iswriting
4.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish___intotheriver.
A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrown
C.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow
5.Ilikemybike.It___verywell.
A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden
6.—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom___,too.
—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.
A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited
7.EveryonewhoheardMr.Green’sstory______it.
A.laughedatB.waslaughed
C.laughedD.waslaughedat
8.Thechildrenmust_______.
A.lookafterB.betakengoodcare
C.lookthesameD.betakengoodcareof
9.Thewomanstilldoesn’tknowwhat__inherhometownwhileshewasaway.
A.happensB.happened
C.willhappenD.washappened
10.—Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.
—Yes.Mybike___.
A.ismendingB.isbeingmended
C.ismendedD.isbeingmending
用括号内单词的适当形式填空:
1.Allthestudents____________（ask）tobringakitewiththemlastSunday.
2.Aremanyways_____（try）tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?
3.—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?
—Somephotos_______（take）byAmericanchildren.
4.Thiscoat_________（wash）well.
5.Musttheoldpeople___________（speak）topolitely?
6.I’moften_______（warn）nottocopyothers’homework.
7.Hecouldn’texplainwhydinosaurs____________（disappear）.
8.I’llhavemybike_________________（mend/repair）tomorrow.
9.Haveyoufoundyournecklace_______（steal）lastweek?
10.ThePRCwas__________（found）onOctober1,1949.
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．（2017·南充）根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold.Imissedheralot.Iwasherfavoritegranddaughterandshewasmyfavoritegrandma.
Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherseparatedandsoondivorced.Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingapart.Ilivedwithmymotherforatime,nextdoortomygrandmaandgrandpainanapartmentwhilemyfatherwasawayduringWorldWarⅡ.
Grandmaneverhadmuchinthewayofmoneyormaterialthings.Butitwasthelittlethingsshegavemethatletmefeelwarm,likelettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.
Thoughshedidn'thavemuch,shedidsomethingformybrotherandme.Iwillalwaysremembershesavedhercoinsinaglassjar.Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither.
Idon'trememberhowmuchwecollectedonourvisits,norwastheamount（数目）important.Itwastheideathatsherememberedus,andcaredaboutuswhenwewereawayfromher.
（1）Whathappenedtothewriterwhenshewaseightyearsold?
A. Shemovedawayfromhergrandma.
B. Shemovedawayfromherparents.
C. Shelivedwithhergrandparents.
D. Shelivedwithheraunt.
（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“divorced”meaninChineseinParagraph2?
A. 和好 B. 打架 C. 离婚 D. 生气
（3）Thewriter'sgrandmaallowedhertodomanythings.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?
A. Thewritercoulddipherfingersinthesugarbowl.
B. Thewriterwasallowedtosipthecoffeefromhergrandma'scup.
C. Thewritercouldsitonthetablewhilehavingmeals.
D. Thewriterwasallowedtocollectcoinsinaglassjar.
（4）Forwhomdidthewriter'sgrandmasavehercoins?
A. Forherson. B. Forhergrandchildren. C. Forthepoor. D. Forherself.
（5）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A. Thewriterdislikedherchildhood.
B. Thewritercomplainedaboutherparents.
C. Thewritermissedhergrandmasomuch.
D. Thewriterwantedtohavehergrandma'smoney.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：
这篇短文主要介绍了作者祖母虽然没有多少金钱或物质，但是通过用心的为孙子（女）做的小事情，让作者感到非常的温暖，感受到浓浓的爱。
（1）细节理解题。
根据短文开头WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold.，可知作者八岁时和祖父母分开了，故选A。
（2）词义猜测题。
根据上文Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherseparated我的父母分居及后文Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingapart.作者感到世界分崩离析，可知父母离婚了，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。
根据lettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.可知不包括在玻璃罐子里收集硬币。
故选D。
（4）细节理解题。
根据Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither.可知祖母是为了孙子（女）赞硬币。
故选B。
（5）细节理解题。
根据作者对祖母温情的回忆，可知作者非常爱自己的祖父母，非常想念她。
对比选项，故选C。
【点评】阅读考题中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。
针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。
对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。
2．根据短文内容，判断正误。
DearAlan,
Guesswhat?
Ihaveachancetochoosemynewplacetolivein.Iamexcitedandalittlenervous.Couldyoupleasegivemesomehelp?
IamnotsurewhetherIwillliveinahouseorinanapartment.Ontheonehand,ahousewillbetoobigforjustoneperson,somaybeIshouldrentanapartment,Ontheotherhand,ifIrentahouse,Icouldfindsomeoneelsetosharewithme.Theonlyproblemisthatahousefullofpeoplemightbetoonoisyforme.Iprefertohavemyownspace.Thecityhassomeniceapartments,buttheyarealsotooexpensive.However,ifIcouldfindatwo-bedroomapartmentandgetaroommate,thatwouldmakeitmoreaffordable.Ijustneedtosearchforaroommatewhoisneatandquiet.YouknowIcannotlivewithsomeonewhoisloudandmessy.Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.Iprobablyneedtolookforsomewherenearabusstoporanundergroundstation.ThatwayIwillhavemoretimetostudyandspendlesstimetravelling.
I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.
Love,
Victor
（1）Victorfeelsexcitedbecausehecandecidewheretolive.
（2）Victorwantstosharethehousewitha（an）neatandquietperson.
（3）IfVictorfindsaroommate,hewillwastemoney.
（4）Victordoesn'thaveacar,sohewantsatwo-bed-roomapartment
（5）Victoralsoneedstothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.
【答案】
（1）1
（2）1
（3）0
（4）0
（5）1
【解析】【分析】主要讲了Victor写信向Alan询问怎样选择新居住地。
（1）细节题。
根据Ihaveachancetochoosemynewplacetolivein.Iamexcitedandalittlenervous.可知Victor是兴奋的，因为他有机会选择新住址，故选正确。
（2）细节题。
根据Ijustneedtosearchforaroommatewhoisneatandquiet.可知Victor希望舍友是干净和文静的，故选正确。
（3）细节题。
根据However,ifIcouldfindatwo-bedroomapartmentandgetaroommate,thatwouldmakeitmoreaffordable.可知Victor找到舍友后会平分房租，所以不是浪费钱，故选错误。
（4）细节题。
根据Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.可知Victor没有车，所以也需要仔细考虑位置，而不是想要一个两间卧室的公寓，故选错误。
（5）细节题。
根据Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.可知Victor没有车，所以也需要仔细考虑位置，故选正确。
【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。
3．阅读理解
Acoupleofsparrows（麻雀）livedhappilyinahugetreeinajungle.Thefemalesparrowhadlaidhereggsandtheywereexpectingtheirbabiessoon.
Oneday,anelephantwasunabletotoleratetheheatofthesummersun.Hedestroyedalltrees,includingthetreewherethesparrowslived.
Thesparrowsmanage
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