NTUT「英检教战文法加强班」讲义 (1)Word文档格式.doc
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當他沿著街道行走時,遇見了一位老朋友。
(1)_____,followthedirectionsonthebottlecarefully.(選對)
(A)Whentakendrugs (B)Whenintakingdrugs
(C)Whenonetakesdrugs (D)Whenhetakesdrugs
*(E)Whentakingdrugs
(2)While_____inthepark,ImetMr.Lin.(選對)
(A)walk (B)walked *(C)walking (D)hadwalked
(3)Whenenteredtheroom,Iwasstruckbyadisgustingsmell.(選錯)
*A B C D
2.理由,原因-代替as,since等所引導的「從屬子句」。
Havingnothingtoto ,IwentfishingwithJack.
=AsIhadnothingtodo
因為沒有事情作,我就跟傑克去釣魚。
Feelingtired ,Marywenttobedveryearly.
=Asshefelttired
因為覺得疲倦,瑪麗很早就寢。
_____verytired,Ilaydowntotakearest.(選對)
(A)Feel (B)Tofeel (C)Felt *(D)Feeling
3.條件-代替if,unless所引導的「從屬子句」
Turningtotheleft ,youwillfindthebank.
=Ifyouturntotheleft
向左轉,你就會看到那家銀行。
Turningtotheright,_____.(選對)
(A)isaneasythingtodo (B)theyareputtingupaten-storybuilding
*(C)youwillfindthestation (D)anewbuildingisunderconstruction
4.讓步-代替though,although等所引導的「從屬子句」
Admittingwhatyousay ,shestillhassomeopinions.
=Thoughsheadmitswhatyousay
雖然她承認你說的話,卻仍然有一些意見。
_____whereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.(選對)
(A)Known *(B)Knowing (C)toknow (D)Know (E)Haveknow
5.附帶狀況-代替and(then),and(thus)等所連接的「對等子句」。
(1)同時附帶狀況,意為「一面…一面」
Billwentoutoftheroom, Singingasong.
=and(he)sangasong.
比爾一面唱著,一面走出房間。
(2)連續附帶狀況,意為「...,然後又…」
arrivingtherelateintheevening.
Jimstartedearlyinthemorning,=and(he)arrivedtherelateintheevening.
吉姆清早就出發,而晚上很晚才到達那裡。
【註】上述表「同時附帶狀況」的分詞結構,放在句首,句中,或句尾均可。
放在句尾亦可用:
with+O+V-ing/V-en的句式,表示附帶的情態。
而表「連續/結果附帶狀況」的分詞結構,一般只能放在句尾。
下列三個例句是「同時附帶狀況」的變化句式:
Singingasong,hewentoutoftheroom.
=He,singingasong,wentoutoftheroom.
=Hewentoutoftheroom,singingasong
練習:
(1)Allthepeopleintheplanewerelost,_____thepilot.(選對)
(A)include (B)includes (C)included *(D)including
(2)Mydaughterwasridingherbicycle_____inthewind.(選對)
*(A)withherhairblowing (B)whileherhairblows
(C)withherhairblew (D)whileherhairtoblow
(3)EverybodyinTaipeilikestogotothesuburbsonSunday,thuscreatesterribletraffic
A B *C
jams.(選錯)
D
(4)ThomasA.Edisoninventedtheelectriclightin1879,thus_____theAgeofEdison.
(A)created (B)creates *(C)creating (D)hecreated
III.「分詞結構」中「完成式」的意義
「分詞結構」所表示的「事件」,若比主要子句動詞所發生的時間更早時,則「分詞結構」通常(但不一定)用「完成式」(having+V-en(p.p.))表示。
Havingfinishedmyhomework ,Iwentout.
=AfterIhadfinishedmyhomework
做完作業之後,我就出去了。
HavinglivedinEnglandformanyyears ,hecouldspeakEnglishverywell.
=AshehadlivedinEnglandformanyyears
因在英國住過多年,他英語講得很好。
(1)_____myhomework,Iwenthome.(選對)
*(A)Havingfinished (B)Finished
(C)Beingfinished (D)Finish
(2)Beingstudiedyourreportcarefully,Iamconvincedthatneitherofyoursolutions
*A B C
iscorrect.(選錯)
D
(3)ReadingtwobooksbySteinbeckduringthesummervacation,Ilookforwardtoreading
*A B C
moreofhisworks.(選錯)
D
IV.「分詞結構」中Being/Havingbeen的省略與保留
「分詞結構」中的分詞如果是Being/Havingbeen時,常被省略但亦可保留。
(Being)Tiredwiththework,Billwentoutforawalk.
因工作累了,比爾出去散個步。
(Being)Comparedwithhisbrother,Jackisnotsointelligent.
跟他弟弟比起來,傑克就沒那麼聰明了。
(Havingbeen)Informedofthenews,Jackrushedtotheairport.
接到這個消息後,傑克急忙趕到機場。
(1)Beexhaustedfromallthework,hedecidedtorelaxforawhile.(選錯)
*A B C D
(2)_____carefully,thisletterisverybeautiful.(選對)
(A)Type (B)Typing *(C)Typed (D)Totype
V.「分詞結構」與「語意上主詞」的一致
「分詞結構」雖然沒有「語法上」的主詞,但是必須以「主要子句」的主詞為「語意上」的主詞。
因此「分詞結構」所指述的「事件」必須與「語意上的主詞」一致。
(1)Beingaclevergirl,Mary’sfathersenthertocollege.(誤)
(2)Beingaclevergirl,Marywassenttocollegebyherfather.(正)
因為瑪麗是一個聰明的女孩,所以被她父親送去念大學。
(3)Havingstudiedmylessons,therewasnothingelsetodo.(誤)
(4)Havingstudiedmylessons,Ihadnothingelsetodo.(正)
唸完了功課,我沒有其他事情可做。
(5)Swimmingintheriver,anairplanewasseenbyus.(誤)
(6)Swimmingintheriver,wesawanairplane.(正)
在河裡游泳的時候,我們看到一架飛機。
(1)WhiletravelinginEurope,_____(選對)
(A)beautifulscenerycouldbeseen
(B)thefogofLondonimpressedhim
(C)theEuropeancountrieswerepretty
(D)hebecamequiteill *
(2)Lookingoutofthewindow,_____.(選對)
(A)therearetreesinthepark
(B)abeautifulgardenwasseen
(C)wecanseeabeautifulgarden *
(D)highmountainswereinthedistance
(3)Seeingthepoliceman,_____.(選對)
(A)thedicewerehidbytheplayers
(B)theplayersquicklyhidthedice *
(C)thedicewerehiddenquicklybytheplayers
(D)theyquickhidthediceatonce
(4)_____,amouseranacrossmybathroomfloor.(選對)
(A)Whiletakingashower (B)Whileashowerwastaken
(C)Whiletookashower (D)WhileIwastakingashower *
(5)Havingstudiedmylessons,therewasnothingelsetodo.(選錯)
*A B C D
VI.獨立分詞結構
分詞構句中原則上分詞意義上的主詞必須與句子的主詞一致。
但實際上仍會有不一致的情形,必須在「分詞結構」前面加上另外的「語意上主詞」。
我們稱此為獨立分詞構句。
Asitwasfine,Iwentoutforawalk.
=Itbeingfine,Iwentoutforawalk.
好一個天氣,我出去散散步。
Whenschoolwasover,thestudentswenthome.
=Schoolbeingover,thestudentswenthome.
放學了,學生們都回家去了。
Asnightcameon,westartedforhome.
=Nightcomingon,westartedforhome.
夜幕低垂,於是我們啟程回家。
Astheagentwasabsent,thebusinesswassuspended.
=Theagentbeingabsent,thebusinesswassuspended.
因代理商缺席,生意因此而停頓了。
Aftertheworkhadbeendone,weallwenthome.
=Thework(havingbeen)done,weallwenthome.
工作完畢我們就都回家了。
(1)Weather_____,thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.
(A)permits (B)shouldpermit (C)willpermit *(D)permitting
(2)Thepollutionlevel_____hightoday,peoplecannothelpbreathingincarexhaust.
(A)is (B)hasbeen *(C)being (D)has
(3)There_____notaxi,wehadtowalkhomeafterthemovie.
(A)were (B)was (C)hadbeen *(D)being
VII.含現在分詞的慣用語
下列含現在分詞的慣用語係「獨立分詞結構」省略「語意上的主詞」後所形成的片語。
5
Generallyspeaking,(一般說來)
Strictlyspeaking,(嚴格地說)
Roughlyspeaking,(大略言之)
Franklyspeaking,(坦白說)
Speakingof+N(談到~)
Judgingfrom+NP(從~判斷之)
Considering+NP(就~來論)
Accordingto+NP(根據)
Takingallthingsintoconsideration/account
(綜合各方面來說)
Generalspeaking,theChinesearediligent.一般來說,中國人是勤勞的。
Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbeanAmerican.從口音判斷,他定是美國人。
Consideringherage,sheisreallyyoung.就她的年齡而論,她的確很年輕。
John,accordingtorumors,hasgotmarried.根據謠傳,約翰已經結婚了。