英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八).docx
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OldEnglishLiterature古英语文学
(450-1066年)
Beowulf(贝奥武甫)---ThefirstEnglishnationalepic
中世纪英语文学(1066-1500)
GeoffreyChaucer(乔叟,c.1343–1400)wasanEnglishpoet.HeisrememberedforhisTheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》,calledthefatherofEnglishliterature―英国文学之父‖WilliamLangland(朗格兰,1330?
-1400?
),theauthorofthe14th-centuryEnglishlongnarrativepoemPiersPlowman《农夫皮尔斯》.
文艺复兴(16-17世纪)
WilliamShakespeare(莎士比亚,1564-1616),Englishpoetandplaywright,hissurvivingworksconsistof38plays,154sonnets,twolongnarrativepoemsVenusandAdonis《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》TheRapeofLucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》
Shakespeare‘sgreatestworks:
greatesttragediesareKingLear《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》,Othello
《奥赛罗》,RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
greatcomedies:
AMidsummerNight‘sDream《仲夏夜之梦》,AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》,TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》,TwelfthNight《第十二夜》
greathistoricalplays:
RichardIII《理查三世》,HenryIV《亨利四世》,HenryV《亨利五世》,HenryVII《亨利八世》
JohnMilton(弥尔顿,1608-1674) wasanEnglishpoetandcivilservantforthe
CommonwealthofEngland.HeisbestknownforhisepicpoemParadiseLo《st失乐园》,ParadiseRegained《复乐园》Samson《力士参孙》.
18世纪文学和新古典主义
AlexanderPope(浦柏,1688-1744) isgenerallyregardedasthegreatestEnglishpoetoftheeighteenthcentury,bestknownforhissatiricalepigram讽刺隽语andheroiccouplet英雄双韵体.HismajorworksincludemockepicsatiricalpoemAnEssayonMan《人论》andAnEssayonCriticism《论批评》
DanielDefoe(笛福,1660—1731)wasanEnglishwriterwhogainedenduringfameforhis
novelRobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》,spokesmanformiddle-classpeople
HenryFielding(菲尔丁,1707---1754),anEnglishnovelistknownforhisnovel:
TheHistoryofTomJones.
JonathanSwift(斯威夫特,1667-1745),wasanAnglo-Irishnovelist,satirist.HeisrememberedfornovelsuchasGulliver‘sTravels《格列佛游记》.
RichardSheridan(谢立丹,1751—1816),Irishplaywright,knownforhissatiricalplaySchoolofScandal(造谣学校).HewasarepresntativewriterofComediesofManners.
LaurenceSterne(斯特恩,1713—1768),anEnglishnovelist.HeisbestknownforhisnovelTristramShandy(《商第传》).
OliverGoldsmith(哥尔德斯密斯,1728-1774)Englishnovelist,knownforhisnovelVicarof
Wakefield(《威克菲尔德牧师传记》)
ThomasGray(托马斯•格雷1716—1771),anEnglishpoet,authorofElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard(《墓畔哀歌》),writerofsentimentalism感伤派.
浪漫主义(18世纪末19世纪初)
WilliamBlake(1757–1827)wasanEnglishpoet,bestknownforhispoeticalcollectionsofSongofInnocence《天真之歌》andSongofExperience《经验之歌》.
WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850),amajorEnglishRomanticpoetwho,withSamuelTaylorColeridge,helpedlaunchtheRomanticAgeinEnglishliteraturewiththeir1798jointpublication,LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》.Wordsworth‗smagnumopusisgenerallyconsideredtobeThePrelude《序曲》.
SamuelTaylorColeridge(柯勒律治,1772–1834)wasanEnglishpoetwhowas,alongwithhis
friendWilliamWordsworth,oneofthefoundersoftheRomanticMovementinEnglandandoneoftheLakePoets.HeisprobablybestknownforhispoemsTheRimeoftheAncientMarine《r古舟子颂》andKublaKhan《忽必烈汗》
GeorgeGordonByron(拜伦,1788—1824)wasaEnglishpoetandaleadingfigureinRomanticism.AmongstByron‗sbest-knownworksarehisnarrativepoemsChildeHarold‗sPilgrimage《哈罗尔德游记》andDonJuan《唐璜》
PercyByssheShelley(1792—1822)wasoneofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoetsandiswidelyconsideredtobeamongthefinestlyricpoetsintheEnglishlanguage.HeisperhapsmostfamousforOdetotheWestWind《西风颂》,ToaSkylark《致云雀》,PrometheusUnbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》.
MaryShelley(玛丽•雪莱1797–1851)wasaBritishnovelistbestknownforherGothicnovel
Frankenstein《弗兰肯斯坦》,consideredasfirstsciencefiction
JohnKeats(济慈,1795—1821)wasanEnglishpoetwhobecameoneoftheprincipalpoetsoftheEnglishRomanticmovement.HismasterpiecessuchasOdeonaGrecianUrn《希腊古瓮颂》andOdetoaNightingale《夜莺颂》
浪漫主义时期小说家
JaneAusten(1775—1817),wasanEnglishnovelist.HermajornovelsincludeSenseandSensibility(《理智与情感》),PrideandPrejudice(《傲慢与偏见》),Emma(《爱玛》).
WalterScott(司各特,1771---1832),aprolificScottishhistoricalnovelist.Hismajorworksis
Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》
Realism现实主义时期(VictorianAge维多利亚时期1837-1901)
Brontesisters勃朗宁姐妹,Charlotte(夏洛蒂,1816–1855),Emily(艾米丽,1818–1848)andAnne (安妮,1820–1849),wereEnglishwritersofthe1840sand1850s.Charlotte‗sJaneEyre
《简爱》,Emily‘sWutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》andAnne'sAgnesGrey《艾格妮斯·格雷》aremasterpiecesofEnglishliterature.
GeorgeElliot(乔治-爱略特,1819—1880)wasanEnglishnovelist.ShewasoneoftheleadingwritersoftheVictorianera.Hernovels,largelysetinprovincialEngland.Hermajornovels
include:
TheMillontheFloss《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》Middlemarch《米德尔玛契》.
CharlesDickens(1812–1870):
oneofthemostpopularEnglishnovelistsoftheVictorianera.Hismajornovelsinclude:
ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》,OliverTwist《奥利弗退斯特》,DavidCopperfield《大卫科波菲尔德》,GreatExpectation《远大前程》,HardTimes《艰难时世》WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(萨克雷,1811—1863)wasanEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Hewasfamousforhissatiricalworks,particularlyVanityFa《ir名利场》
Mrs.Gaskell(盖斯凯尔夫人,1810-1865)wasanEnglishnovelistduringtheVictorianera.Hermajornovelsinclude:
MaryBarton《玛丽•巴顿》
ThomasHardy(哈代,1840–1928),anEnglishnovelistofthenaturalism自然主义.Hismajornovelsinclude:
Tessofthed‗Urbervilles《德伯家的苔丝》FarfromtheMaddingCrowd《远离尘嚣》JudetheObscure.《无名的裘德》MostofhisnovelsaresetinWessex(威塞克斯).现实主义时期诗歌
RobertBrowning(布朗宁,1812–1889)wasanEnglishpoetandplaywrightwhosemasteryofdramaticverse,especiallydramaticmonologues戏剧独白,madehimoneoftheforemostVictorianpoets.
AlfredTennyson(丁尼生,1809–1892)wasPoetLaureateoftheUnitedKingdomandremainsoneofthemostpopularEnglishpoets.Tennysonexcelledatpenningshortlyrics,including"Break,break,break"
OscarWilde(王尔德,1854–1900)
playwrightandonenovel,knownforhisaestheticism唯美主义(artforart‘ssake为了艺术而艺术).HismajorplaysincludeTheImportanceofBeingEarnest《不可儿戏》;HismajornovelisThePictureofDorianGray《道林-格雷的画像》
20世纪和现代主义
BernardShaw(萧伯纳,1856-1950),anIrishplaywright,thegreatestdramatistinEnglishliteratureinthe20thcentury.Headheredtothetraditionofrealism,writingplaysasawaytodiscusssocialproblems.HewonNobelPrizeforliteraturein1925.Hismajorplaysinclude,MrsWarren‘sProfession《华伦夫人的情人》,MajorBarbara《芭芭拉少校》,Pygmalion《皮革马力翁》andSaintJoan《圣女贞德》
JohnGalsworthy(高尔斯华绥,1867-1933)oneofthemostimportantnovelistsintheEarly20th
century,aNobelPrizewinner.HismajorworksisForsyteSaga《福尔赛世家》whichcomprisesthreenovels:
TheManofProperty《有产业的人》,InChancery《衡平法院》ToLet《出租》JosephConrad(康拉德,1857-1932)ConradwasborninPolandandanEnglishnovelist.HismajornovelsincludeLordJim《吉姆爷》andTheHeartofDarkness《黑暗的心》.
JamesJoyce(乔伊斯,1882-1941):
AnIrishbornnovelist,knownforthetechniqueofthestreamofconsciousness.Hismainworks:
Ulysses《尤利西斯》;
APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan;《青年艺术家的肖像》Finnegan‘sWake;《芬尼根彻夜祭》Dubliners《都柏林人》
E.M.Forster(福斯特,1879-1970)anEnglishnovelist,APassagetoIndia《印度之行》
T.S.Eliot(T.S.艾略特,1888-1965):
Americanpoet,bestknownforhispoemTheWasteLand
《荒原》,1948NobelPrizewinnerforliterature.
DavidHerbertLawrence(D.H.劳伦斯,1885-1930),anEnglishnovelist.Hismostimportantnovelsare,Rainbow《彩虹》andSonsandLovers《儿子与情人》.Heisthefounderofstreamofconsciousness意识流.
WilliamButlerYeats(叶芝,1865-1939)anIrishpoetandawardedNobelPrizeforliteraturein1923.HismajorpoemsincludeSailingtoByzantium《驶向拜占庭》andLedaandSwan《利达和天鹅》.
SamuelBeckett(贝克特,1906-1989),anIrishdramatistandNobelPrizewinnerforLiterature.
HismasterpieceisWaitingforGodo《t
荒诞派戏剧.
等待戈多》.Heistheexponentofthetheatreoftheabsurd
IrisJeanMurdoch(默多克,1919-1999),Englishfemalenovelist,hermajornovelsincludeBlackPrince《黑王子》,TheSea,theSea《大海啊,大海》andUnicorn《独角兽》
DorisLessing(莱辛,1919--)isaBritishwriter,authorofworkssuchasthenovelsTheGrassisSinging.In2007,LessingwontheNobelPrizeinLiterature.
MurielSpark(斯帕克,1918-2006)Englishfemalenovelist,bestknownforhernovelThePrimeofMissJeanBrodie(1961)《布罗迪小姐的青春》
VirginiaWoolf(伍尔夫,1882-1941)Woolfisanexponentofmodernismandoneofthemostimportantfemalenovelists.HermajorworksincludeMrs.Dalloway《达洛威夫人》,TotheLighthouse《向灯塔去》.
美国文学
殖民地革命时期
BenjaminFranklin(富兰克林,1706-1790):
oneofAmericanfoundingfathers(建国之父)Majorworks:
Autobiography《自传》PoorRichard‘sAlmanack《穷人理查历书》JonathanEdwards(爱德华兹,1703–1758)wasacolonialtheologianandwriter.HisworkisoftenassociatedwiththePuritanheritage.Hisfamoussermon"SinnersintheHandsofanAngryGod,"《落在忿怒之神手中的罪人》iscreditedforstartingtheFirstGreatAwakening.
ThomasPain(潘恩,1737-1809):
Britishpamphleteer.Majorworks:
CommonSense《常识》
(1776)
Federalists’Papers《联邦党人文集》:
AlexanderHamilton汉密尔顿JohnJay杰伊JamesMadison曼迪逊
浪漫主义时期
RomanticPeriod(1790-1865):
EarlierRomanticPeriod(1790-1830)RomanticHeyday(1830-1865)EarlierRomanticPeriod:
WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)
FenimoreCooper(1789-1851)
WashingtonIrving(华盛顿•欧文,1783-1859):
Americanromanticnovelist.Hewasbestknownforhisshortstories―TheLegendofSleepyHollow‖and―RipVanWinkle‖,bothofhwichappearinhisbookTheSketchBook《见闻札记》.IrvingisthefirstAmericanwriterwhogainedinternationalfame.
JamesFenimoreCooper(库珀,1789-1851):
Americanromanticnovelist,bestrememberedforhisLeatherstockingTales《皮袜子故事》(ThePioneer《拓荒者》,DeerSlayer《猎鹿者》,
Pathfinde《r
探路人》,Prairie《大草原》,TheLastoftheMohican《s
最后的莫西干人》)featuring
frontiersmanNattyBumppo.
2)RomanticHeyday(1830-1865):
WaldoRalph