《英美文学选读》资料-英美文学考核完整笔记Word文档下载推荐.docx

《英美文学选读》资料-英美文学考核完整笔记Word文档下载推荐.docx

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文艺复兴，人文主义及玄学诗等名词的解释

BriefIntroductiontotheRenaissancePeriod

I.应用

DefinitionsoftheLiteraryTerms:

1.TheRenaissance:

TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14th&

17thcenturies.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculpture&

literature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeans"

rebirth"

or"

revival,"

isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchasthere-discoveryofancientRoman&

Greekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeography&

astrology,thereligiousreformation&

theeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance,therefore,inessenceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers&

scholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,&

torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.

2.Humanism:

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheancientauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRomancivilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning,humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Renaissancehumanistsfoundintheclassicsajustificationtoexalthumannatureandcametoseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfections,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders.ThomasMore,ChristopherMarloweandWilliamShakespearearethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanists.

3.Spenserianstanza:

SpenserianstanzawasinventedbyEdmundSpenser.Itisastanzaofninelines,withthefirsteightlinesiniambicpentameter&

thelastlineiniambichexameter,rhymingababbcbcc.

4.Metaphysicalpoetry:

Theterm"

metaphysicalpoetry"

iscommonlyusedtonametheworkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.Witharebelliousspirit,themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.ThedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethanortheNeoclassicperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimageryindrawn

fromtheactuallife.Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet'

sbeloved,withGod,orwithhimself.

5.TheRenaissancehero:

ARenaissanceheroreferstoonecreatedbyChristopherMarloweinhisdrama.Suchaheroisalwaysindividualisticandfullofambition,facingbravelythechallengefrombothgodsandmen.HeembodiesMarlowe'

shumanisticidesofhumandignityandcapacity.Differentfromthetragicheroinmedievalplays,whoseeksthewaytoheaventhroughsalvationandgod'

swill,heisagainstconventionalmoralityandcontrivestoobtainheavenonearththroughhisownefforts.Withtheendlessaspirationforpower,knowledge,andglory,theherointerpretsthetrueRenaissancespirit.BothTamburlaineandFaustusaretypicalinpossessingsuchaspirit.

（二）该时期的重要作家

1.一般识记：

重要作家的文学生涯

2.识记：

重要作品及主要内容

3.领会：

重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法，社会意义等。

4.应用：

（1）莎士比亚和邓恩诗歌的主题，意象

（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物性格分析

（3）哈姆雷特的性格分析

（4）史诗《失乐园》的结构，人物性格，语言特点等的分析

I.EdmundSpenser

1.一般识记

BriefIntroductiontotheAuthor

Englishpoet，borninLondon,England,about1552,anddiedinLondon,Jan13,1599.

2.识记HisMajorWorks

Spenser'

smostimportantwork&

masterpieceisTheFaerieQueene,agreatpoemofitsage.Acomplexmoral,religious,

&

politicalallegory,itisalsoanepicthatexaltsQueenElizabethⅠ&

theEnglishnation.AccordingtoSpenser'

sownexplanation,hisprincipalintentionistopresentthrougha"

historicalpoem"

theexampleofaperfectgentleman:

"

tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuous&

gentlediscipline."

ItsprincipalheroistheArthurofmedievallegend.

Thesixbooksofthepoemillustratethenatureofparticularvirtues,suchas,temperance&

justice.OthermajorworksofSpenserareTheShepheardesCalender（1579）,apoemconsistingof12eclogues-correspondingtothe12monthsoftheyear;

Epithalamion（1595）,apoemexpressingthedeeppersonalfeelingsoccasionedbythepoetssecondmarriage;

Amoretti（1595）,aseriesofsonnets.

3.领会HisInfluence

1）MainqualitiesofSpenser'

spoetry

①aperfectmelody

②araresenseofbeauty

③asplendidimagination

④aloftymoralpurity&

seriousness

⑤adedicatedidealism

2）Inhiswriting,Spenserdrewontheconventions&

thoughtofClassical,medieval,&

Renaissanceliterature.However,headdedtohisfusionofthesediverseelementsmuchthatwasoriginal,&

hisworksinspiredmanylaterEnglishpoets.Hecreatedanewstanza,calledtheSpenserianstanza,whichiswellsuitedtonarrativeverse.HisskillsinwritingmelodiousEnglishverse&

hiscombinationofemotion,erudition,&

spiritualvisionhavewonhimtheadmirationofgenerationsofEnglishpoets.Itishisidealism,hisloveofbeauty,&

hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownas"

thepoets'

poet."

4.应用

TheFaerieQueene:

1）Itisalong,allegoricalpoem.Inthepoem,Spenserdramatizedpolitical,religious,&

moralthemesbypersonifyingthem,ormakingthemcharacters.

2）Plot:

Thestory,whichissetagainstabackgroundofArthur&

medievallegend,dealswiththeadventuresofsix

knightsofthecourtofthefairyqueennamedGloriana,whorepresentsQueenElizabethⅠofEnglish.

ThefaerieQueenwasleftunfinishedatSpenser'

sdeath.Itwasoriginallyplannedasa12-bookpoem.Butonly6bookswerecompleted.Thepoemisparticularlyadmiredforthemelodicbeautyofitslanguage&

foritsrichcontentofphilosophical&

mythologicalmaterialpresentedintheformofvividnarratives.

II.ChristopherMarlowe

BriefIntroduction

Englishdramatist&

poet,borninCanterbury,England,Feb,6,1567,diedinDeptford,England,May30,1593.MarlowewasthefirstgreatEnglishDramatist.HebroughttotheEnglishstageanewconceptoftragedy,oneinwhichthedramacentersaroundthestrugglesofamanoverwhelmedbyhispassions&

ambitions.

2.识记

HisMajorWorks

HismostfamoustragediesareDoctorFaustus,TheJewofMalta,Tamburlaine&

EdwardⅡ.Inhisplays,Marloweusedblankverse,whichhemoldedintoasuperbinstrumentforexpressingintenseemotions.AfterhisdevelopmentofblankverseitbecamethestandardmediumforEnglishdramatic&

epicpoetry.Hisnon-dramaticpoetryincludesHero

Leander,"

thePassionateshepherdtoHislove,"

&

aversetranslationofOvid'

sAmores.

Marlowe'

sDoctorFaustus（about1589）,generallyconsideredhisbestplay,wasbasedonarealDr.Faustus,whowaslaterassociatedwithamedievallegendofamansellinghissoultothedevil.Theplay'

sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,power&

happiness;

italsorevealsman'

sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Thelastscene,inwhichFaustusconfrontshisdoom,brilliantlyrendersthefear&

agonyofacondemnedman.

TheJewofMalta（about1589）illustratesMarlowe'

soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero,BarabastheJew,servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare'

sTheMerchantofVenice.Inabout1592.Marlowewroteoneofthe

firstsuccessfulEnglishhistoricaldramas,EdwardⅡ。

Itishismostdramaticallymatureplay&

exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization,stagecraft&

rhetoric.

Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitious&

pitilessTartarconquerorinthefourteenthcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringKing.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambition&

sheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother,MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepower&

authority.

3.领会HisAchievements&

Influence

Achievements:

Marlowe'

sgreatestachievementliesinthatheperfectedtheblankverse&

madeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.

HissecondachievementishiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.

ThethemeofhisworksisthepraiseoftheRenaissancespirit.

Hisinfluence:

Amanofwidelearning,Marlowewasoneoftheextraordinarypoets&

playwrightsofhistime."

smightyline,"

asBenJonsoncalledhisblankverse,wasoneofthemostimportantcontributionstotheartofEnglishliterature.

4.应用Dr.Faustus

TheselectionofActⅠfromDr.FaustusismainlyaboutFaustusisshowinghisgreatambition,thatis,ifhehadmanysouls,hewouldgivethemalltotheDevilsothathecouldcontroltheworld.InportrayingFaustus,amoreintrospective&

philosophicalfigurethanTamburlaine,Marlowepraiseshissoaringaspirationforknowledgewhilewarningagainst

thesinofpridesinceFaustus'

sdownfallwascausedbyhisdespairinGod&

trustinDevil.

Ⅲ.WilliamShakespeare

1.一般识记BriefIntroduction

WilliamShakespearewas