版高考英语精准备考一轮浙江专用版讲义Book 5 Unit 3Word格式.docx
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lackingadj.没有的;
缺乏的;
不足的
9.adjustmentn.调整;
调节
adjustv.调整;
适应
adjustableadj.可调节的
10.pressvi.&
vt.按;
压;
逼迫n.按;
印刷;
新闻
pressuren.压力
11.switchn.开关;
转换vt.转换
12.desertn.沙漠;
荒原v.抛弃;
遗弃
desertedadj.无人居住的;
被遗弃的
13.instantn.瞬间;
片刻adj.立即的;
立刻的
14.greedyadj.贪吃的;
贪婪的;
贪心的
greedn.贪婪
15.fastenn.系牢;
扎牢
16.timetablen.时间表;
时刻表
17.optimisticadj.乐观(主义)的
18.citizenn.公民;
居民;
市民
19.typistn.打字员
20.buttonn.纽扣;
按钮
21.swallowvt.吞下;
咽下
22.materialn.材料;
原料
23.recyclevt.回收利用;
再利用
24.settlementn.定居;
解决
25.representativen.代表;
典型人物adj.典型的;
有代表性的
representv.代表
26.mudn.泥(浆)
muddyadj.泥泞的
27.takeup拿起;
接受;
开始;
继续
28.asaresult结果
29.(a)lackof缺乏……
30.innotime立刻
31.bebackonone’sfeet恢复;
完全复原
32.losesightof...看不见……
33.inalldirections朝四面八方
34.sweepup打扫;
横扫
35.slideinto(快捷而悄声地)移动;
溜进……
36.speedup加速
37.begreedyfor对……贪婪
38.Theairseemedthin,asthoughitscombinationofgaseshadlittleoxygenleft.空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中几乎没有氧气剩下。
39.Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。
40.Well,nowthere’sasystemwherethewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.
哦,现在有一种装置,能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterials(材料)tomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.(2017·
全国Ⅱ)
2.Youmustchewyourfoodwellbeforeyouswallow(吞下)it.
3.Manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycled(回收利用)butrequiremoreenergytoproduce.(2018·
浙江)
4.Wearestilloptimistic(乐观的),whatevertheresultmaybe.
5.Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,duringwhichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspect(方面)ofschoollife.(2017·
北京)
6.Previous(以前的)studieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.(2016·
四川)
7.Hehassofarfailedtomaketheadjustment(adjust)fromschooltowork.
8.Manypeoplehavegivenusadviceandguidance(guide)onhowtotakecareofthebaby.
9.Alotofchildrenattheschooldonotliveinthetown,butcomefromthesurrounding(surround)countryside.
10.Thepolicefoundthewanderingboyinadeserted(desert)building.
11.Ithinkmenarelesstolerant(tolerate)ofstressthanwomen.
12.Youcanstopbleedingbyapplyingpressure(press)closetotheinjuredarea.
13.Youwillnotbelacking(lack)insupportfromme.
14.Thisisthemostimpressive(impress)architectureI’veseenonthistrip.
15.Helookedattheshopwindowwithgreedy(greed)eyes.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
1.Forlackofselfconfidence,TomhadlostinterestinEnglish;
2.asaresult,hehadreachedapointwhereheshould3.makeadjustments,orhehadtogiveup.Fortunately,theinstantMrSmith,anewteacher,cameintohisclass,hegotgreatlyencouragedand4.tookuplearningactivelyandconfidently.Atthesametime,MrSmith’slivelyandvividteaching5.speduphisprogress.
People6.lostsightoftheeconomicvalueofthevillagebeforetheconstructionoftherailway,whichspreads7.inalldirections.Aftertherailwaycameintouse,theimportanceofthevillageappeared8.innotime.Peoplewho9.aregreedyformoneyareattractedhere.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Givenmoreattentionandcare,thechildwouldn’thavebecomesoselfishandnaughty.(过去分词短语作状语)
假如给予更多的关心和照顾,这个孩子就不会变得如此自私和淘气了。
2.ShestaredatmeasthoughIwereacompletestranger.(asthough)
她盯着我看,好像我完全是个陌生人。
3.Shewantsajobwherehermanagementskillscanbeputtouse.(where定语从句)
她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。
4.Ononehand,therearestilllotsofpeoplehavingnohousestolivein.Ontheotherhand,manyapartmentsaredifficulttosellout.(be+adj.+todo)
一方面,很多人没有房子居住;
另一方面,很多楼盘很难卖出。
1.“指导”聚会
(1)guide指引;
(2)direct指导;
导演
(3)instruct指导;
教导
(4)conduct指引;
(5)coach指导;
训练
2.“经常”相遇
(1)constantadj.时常的
(2)regularadj.经常的;
定期的
(3)oftenadv.经常
(4)usualadj.通常的
(5)frequentadj.时常的;
频繁的
3.“结果”不同
(1)asaresult结果
(2)asaconsequence结果
(3)inconsequence结果
4.如何“加/减速”
(1)speedup加速
(2)pickupspeed加速
(3)gatherspeed加速
(4)slowdown减速
(5)reducethespeed减速
guiden.指南;
指导;
导游;
向导
vt.给某人领路;
指引;
影响;
解释,阐明
(1)guidesb.to...领某人去……(to为介词)
(2)guidancen.引导;
undertheguidanceofsb.=undersb.’sguidance在某人的指导下
[句式升级] Wewereguidedbyalocalguideandvisitedthefamouschurch.
(1)Guidedbyalocalguide,wevisitedthefamouschurch.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
(2)Withalocalguideguidingus,wevisitedthefamouschurch.(用with复合结构改写)
(3)Undertheguidanceofalocalguide/Underalocalguide’sguidance,wevisitedthefamouschurch.(用介词短语改写)
(1)tolerate(sb.)doing...容忍(某人)做……
(2)tolerantadj.忍受的,容忍的;
宽容的
betolerantof/towards对……容忍/宽容
(3)tolerancen.容忍;
忍耐力
(1)IfIwereherstaff,Ireallywouldn’ttoleratebeingscolded(scold)byhereveryday.
(2)Marleyunderstandsthatpartofthereasonwhytherearesomanyproblemsintheworldisthelackoftolerance(tolerate)betweenpeople.
(3)Perhapsyouneedtobemoretolerantof/towards(对……更宽容)yourneighbors.
lackvi.&
没有
n.缺乏;
(1)lack(for)sth.缺少某物
(2)(a)lackof缺少……
nolackof不缺乏
for/throughlackof因缺少……
(3)lackingadj.不足的;
缺乏的
belackingin在……方面缺乏
(1)Helacks/islackingin/isshortofconfidence.他缺乏自信。
(2)Despitehislackofexperience,hegotthejob.尽管他缺乏经验,但还是得到了那份工作。
(3)Moreandmorehighrisebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcitiesfor/throughlackofspace.
由于缺乏空间,大城市建起了越来越多的高楼。
易错点拨 lack可用作及物动词,后直接跟宾语,但通常不用被动语态。
名词lack常与of连用。
pressn.压,按,挤;
新闻界
v.按,压;
催促,敦促
(1)presssth.onsb.把(想法等)强加于某人;
勉强某人接受
press...against把……压/贴在……上
(2)pressuren.压力
underpressure在压力下;
承受压力
putpressureonsb.给某人施加压力
(1)Ididn’twanttotakethemoneybuthepresseditonme.我不想拿那笔钱,但他强给了我。
(2)IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.(2017·
我知道在可怕的状况中我会在压力下采取行动。
(3)Inanyunsafesituation,simplypressthebuttonandahighlytrainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.(2018·
在任何不安全的情况下,只要按一下按钮,训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的帮助。
[熟词生义] 选择句子中press的汉语意思
(4)Thepressis/arenotallowedtoattendthetrial.C
A.压榨B.出版物C.新闻界
易错点拨
(1)press表示“新闻界”“报界”时,其前通常要用定冠词;
用作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数。
(2)表示按开关或按电钮时,press与push用法相同,常可互换。
但是注意,两者习惯上均不能用于按铃,此时要用动词ring。
instantadj.立即的;
立刻的;
速食的
n.瞬间;
片刻
(1)inaninstant=instantly立刻;
马上
foraninstant一瞬间;
刹那间
theinstant(=instantly)一……就……
(2)instantlyadv.立刻conj.一……就……
Atthegateofabar,hecameacrosshisteacher.Whenaskedwhathewasdoingthere,hecouldn’tanswer
(1)foraninstant(一瞬间)andleftthere
(2)inaninstant/instantly(马上).(3)Theinstant/Instantly(一……就……)hegothome,heclosedthedoorandwaslostinthought.
[联想发散] 表示“一……就……”的连词或短语还有:
assoonas,themoment/minute/second,hardly...when,nosooner...than,directly,immediately等。
takein收留;
吸收;
欺骗;
领会;
改小
takeon雇用;
呈现;
承担
takeover接任;
接替
takeoff脱掉;
起飞;
成功;
开始流行
takedown写下;
拆除
[写出下列句子中takeup的汉语意思]
(1)Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.开始从事
(2)Thischaptertakesupwherethelastoneleftoff.继续
(3)Wetriedtofindatableforseven,buttheywerealltakenup.占据
(4)Areyougoingtotakeupthechallengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutarguing?
接受
(1)gatherspeed/pickupspeed加速
(2)athigh/low/full/topspeed以高/低/全/最高速
ataspeedof以……速度
atthespeedoflight/sound以光/声速
(3)slowdown减速
(1)Isuggestyoutakethe“Fuxing”bullettrain,whichtravelsataspeedof(以……速度)about350kilometersperhour.(2018·
北京朝阳区二模)
(2)Thecarsloweddown(减速)attheturning,soIspeededup(加速)tocatchupwithit.
[熟词生义] 选择句子中speed的汉语意思
(3)Driverswhoarecaughtspeedingriskaheavyfine.B
A.加速 B.超速驾驶 C.兴隆
易错点拨 speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式:
speeded,speeded或sped,sped,但当它与副词up连用时,通常只用规则形式。
Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.
过去分词短语在句中作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况,表示被动或完成。
使用时应注意两点:
一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致;
二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。
(1)Thewomanscientistenteredtheroom,followed(follow)byherassistants.
[句式升级] 用过去分词短语作状语改写
(2)Hewascaughtinaheavyrain,sohewaslateforworkagain.
Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaslateforworkagain.
(3)Thebookwasclearlyandthoughtfullywritten,anditinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.
Clearlyandthoughtfullywritten,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.
Well,nowthere’sasystemwherethewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.
where引导的定语从句可修饰抽象地点名词,如:
point,stage,case,situation,condition,position,environment,activity,race,job,scene,system等。
(1)Hegetsintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
[同义句改写]
(2)Youreachapointinanyprojectwhereyoujustwanttogetthethingfinished.(用“介词+关系代词”改写)
→Youreachapointinanyprojectinwhichyoujustwanttogetthethingfinished.
(3)Henolongerbelongstowherehelives.(用where引导的定语从句改写)
→Henolongerbelongstotheplacewherehelives.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Guided(guide)bythesun,theywalkedtowardstheirdestinationthroughthewoods.
2.Afterthewedding,Richardreturnedhome,exhausted(exhaust)butdelighted.
3.Whenhereachedthekingdom,hefoundthenewsurroundingsdifficulttotolerate(tolerate).
4.Theaccidentcaused3deathsand20injures,whichhappenedprevioustohisarrivalthere.
5.Irecognizedhiminstantly(instant)Isawhim.
6.I’vereachedthestagewhereIjustdon’tcareanymore.
7.Dinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.