英语写作基础教程.docx
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英语写作基础教程
英语写作基础教程
ABasicCourseinWriting
主讲:
Priscillapan
教学大纲
一.教学对象
本课程的教学对象是高等专科英语专业的学生或具有同等水平的自学者._
二.教学目的与要求
通过本课程的教学,使学生初步掌握英语写作技能,学会用英文写叙述,说明性的短文和一般性应用文.
（1）用英文写叙述,说明性的短文:
要求学生能根据命题列出作文提纲,在1小时内写出不少于200词的短文,内容切题,完整,条理清楚,语句连贯通顺,语法基本正确.
（2）用英文写一般性的应用文:
要求学生能根据提示写出知,贺卡,便条,申请书,邀请函,简历,格式正确,语言得体._
三.教学安排
本课程3个学分,在一个学期内开设,每周3学时,共计54学时._
四.教学内容
本课程主要教学内容如下:
（1）文稿格式;
（2）句子结构;
（3）构段方式;
（4）谋篇布局;
（5）摘要;
（6）应用文._
五.教学原则
（1）在教学过程中,要充分考虑成人学习的特点和本课程的特点,注重对学生遣词造句这两种能力的培养;
（2）在教学过程中,教师应以指导学生自学为主,以电视教学和课堂教学为辅,采用多种教学手段对学生进行写作训练._
六.测试_
实行全国统一的闭卷考试.考试采用百分制,60分及格.
实施方案
一,课时安排
____"英语写作基础"课内总学时为54小时,课外练习时数为54小时.
二,具体学习安排_
__
（一）基本技能的学习:
6课时,要求掌握标点符号的用法.
__
（二）句子的写作:
9课时,要求掌握句子统一性,连贯性,重点突出的写作技巧.
__（三）段落的写作:
6课时,要求掌握段落统一性的写作,学会主题句和扩展句的运用.
__（四）一般性文章和应用文的写作:
30课时,要求掌握基本应用文的写作,这是本课程的重点部分（具体内容附后）.
__（五）期末复习:
3课时,全面复习本学习的教学内容,模拟考试.
三,教学意见_
___1）作文课应该以教师讲解,学生练习为主.
___2）授课重点应该放在写作技能技巧的训练上,理论知识可以适当少讲.
___3）有条件的分校可以充分利用网上资源和现代技术设备,利用互联网上的英语写作网站扩大学生的阅读两;利用视频展示台把学生所写的优秀文章向全班批改,也可以讲普遍性的问题;等等.
考试题型
一,考试题型与要求
___本课程的考试依据教学大纲的要求,重点考查应用文写作和一般文体的写作.考试为闭卷考试,总分为100分.
_____1.应用文写作
___根据提示写一个不少于50词的通知和一个不少于100词的便条,要求语言通顺,用词得体,格式正确.满分为30分;
_____2.命题作文
___根据所给题目及写作提纲或规定场景等,写一篇不少于200词的作文,要求符合文章类型特点,内容切题,语言通顺.满分为70分.
二,考试模拟试题
一,Writeanoticeintotheboxaccordingtothefollowingfacts:
（10分）
____乒乓球赛
___地点:
1号球室:
___北京商业学校对北京语言文化大学
___时间:
5月8日用六下午五时
二,Writeanotebasedonthegivenfacts:
（20分）:
____时间:
6月9月
____对象:
Prof.Stone_
____内容:
对不起,不能赴3点的约会.我的论文由,于被朋友锁上了,不能带来.我不知他何时返回.如果方便,我能在明日下午五时在系办公室见您吗若不行,请明早特便条放在我的信箱里,信箱号606.谢谢._
____留言者:
吴敏
三,Writeanessayofnofewerthan200words:
（70分）:
________Title:
_QualificationofaGoodUniversityStudent
________Aids:
________FirstParagraph:
_Yourpointofviewofbeingagooduniversitystudent
________SecondParagraph:
Whatmakesagooduniversitystudent（withsomeexamples）
________ThirdParagraph:
_Conclusion
平时作业
英语写作基础平时作业（大作业）共四次,主要检查同学们对英语应用文写作的掌握情况.__
1）完成P125页Exercise1（NoticeWriting）
2）完成P126页Exercise3（NoteWriting）
3）完成P126页Exercise4（LettersWriting）
4）完成P126页Exercise5（resumesWriting）___
另外,任课教师可以根据教学内容,适当补充写作练习.
GeneralRemarksonWriting
_Writing_makesanexactman.
_Greatuseandpopularity
_NeedingMuchKnowledge
_UsefulforReadingandSpoken
_GreatDifficultiesaswell
TargetsofthisCourse
Attheendofthiscourse,youshouldbeable:
_tousethepunctuationmarkscorrectly;
_towritecorrectsentences;
_towritemoreeffectivesentences;
_tocomposeafullessay;
_towriteapracticalessaylikeanote,aletter,oranoticeetc.
Arrangement
_IWritingthetitle
IILeavingthemargins
IIIParagraphing
IVCapitalization
VDividingwords
Writingthetitle
Beplacedinthemiddleofthefirstline
Everywordofthetitleshouldbecapitalized
Nofullstopshouldbeusedattheendofatitle
Margins
A.leavemarginsatthetopandbottomandonthesideofeachpage.Neverwriteonafullpage.
B.leftsidemarginshouldbewideriftheworkistobebound.
C.Forstudents,itisadvisabletowriteoneveryotherline.
Paragraphing
A.Indentation（Space）
………………..
………………..
………………..
………………..
………………..
B.Block
………………..
………………..
………………..
………………..
………………..
Handwriting
Regrettably,anEnglishwriterisnotsoconcernedwiththeaestheticsinhandwritingasaChinesewriteris.Beneatandlegible.
A.Makeyour"t"sdifferentfromyour"e"s;
B.Makeyour"r"sdifferentfromyour"v"s;
C.Ifcrossoutaword,nobracketsbutathicklineacrossit;
D.Ifaddaword,writeitabove,notbelow;
E.Twocommonwaysofwritingtheletters:
formloopsandprint
Syllabification
Whenyouhappennottohaveenoughroomtowriteawholewordinattheendofaline:
A.Ifthewordismonosyllabic,pleasewriteitinanextline;
B.Ifthewordispolysyllabic,youmaybesyllabifyitifyoufeelnecessary
Howtosyllabifyaword
Justsplittingawordthenahyphenthentheotherpartoftheword.
occupation:
oc-cu-pa-tion
（Don'tsplititlikethis:
occ-upa-tion）
Nowadays,acomputerdealswiththisproblemsautomatically
AbbreviationsandNumerals
Abbreviationsshortensomewords,titlesandlongnames.Theyareusedinadvertisingandinformaloccasions.
1）Besuretousethembeforeyouknow.
2）Besureofthedots（.）.
Abbreviations
1）___Beforenames（familynames）,titlesareabbreviated:
Mr.GreenMs.AdellaDr.Bethune
2）___Titlesofacademics,governmentofficials,andpriestcanbeabbreviated,followedbythefullname:
Prof.LiGov.HenryFordSen.Robert
3）_____Academicdegreesandfamilydesignationsprecededbyfullnamescanbeabbreviated:
RobertSmith,Ph.D.JohnJonesJr./Sr.
4）Namesofwell-knownorganizations,firms,places,andlongtechnicaltermscanbeabbreviatedbyusingtheinitiallettersofthewords:
UNESCOFBIWHOTOEFLGATT
5）_____Timedesignationswhenusedwithspecificnumbersareabbreviated:
135B.C.6:
00a.m.
6）Wordsreferringtoportionsofaddresscanbeabbreviatedwhentheyappearinaddressonenvelopes,letterheadings,orinsideaddresses:
Rd.Dept.Pro.P.R.C.
Capitalization
1）Theuseofcapitalizationisuniqueandimportantinwriting.
（1）ThechinamadeinChinaisfirstclass.
（2）heboughtthatarticleofjapaninJapan.
（3）TheirchildwasshanghaiedinShanghai.
（4）Johnwantedtogotothejohn.
（5）TheturkeyhereisnotasgoodasinTurkey._
2）Thecapitalizationisusedinthefollowing10aspects:
（1）thebeginningofasentence
Wonderful!
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Canyouhearmeattheback
Capitalization
（2）Forthefirstletterineachlineofapoem.
TheArrowandtheSong
Ishotanarrowintothesky,
（3）Thefirstletterofadirectedquotation/speech:
"Whoisondutytoday"theteacherasked.
"Don'tworry,"hesaid,tryingtocomfortme."Wewillhelpyoumakeupforthelessons."
（cf."Tobefrankwithyou,"hesaid,"youshouldnothavetoldhimthat."
Capitalization
（4）Thefirstlettersoftheessentialwordsinpropernouns（namesofpeople,countries,organizationshistoricalevents,planes,etc.）
DarwinShakespeare
ChinaJesusChrist
theGreatWalltheRedCross
Boeing747
（5）Thefirstlettersofdesignationofrelativesbeforefamilynames:
UncleGeogeAuntMaggie
NieceMaryGrandmaLee
Capitalization
（6）Almostallabbreviationsexcepta.m.,p.m.,etc.,e.g.,c/o,i.e.,tec
（7）thefirstletterofessentialwordintrademarks,servicesigns,posts,greetings,etc.
InformationDeskHandsOff
OpenStrictlyNoSmoking
（祝你生日快乐!
）
Happybirthdaytoyou!
HappyBirthdaytoyou!
（8）thetitleofallsignificantwordsinthetitleofatheme,article,essay.newspaper,periodical.Butaformwordoflessthanfivelettersisnotcapitalizedunlessitbeginsthetitle.
JaneEyreGonewiththeWind
MyCollegeLife
Capitalization
（9）thefirstletterofthesalutationandcomplimentarycloseinaletter:
DearSir,DearMr.Evans,
Sincerelyyours,Yours,
（10）thefirstletterofthewordsofthedaysofaweek,themonth,andthemajorwordsofholidays:
Punctuation
MainPunctuationmarks
1.theperiod（.）
2.thequestionmark（）
3.theexclamationpoint（!
）
4.thecomma（,）
5.thesemicolon（;）
6.thecolon（:
）
7.brackets（[]）
8.thequotationmarks（""''）
9.parentheses（（））
10.Thedash（―）
11.ellipsispoints（…）
ThePeriod（.）
1.Theperiod（fullstop）isusedattheendofadeclarativesentence,amildlyimperativesentence,andanindirectquestion.
Honestyisthebestpolicy.
Handinyourhomework,please..
Theperiodmarkstheendofasentence.Thewordafteritbeginsanewsentenceandhastobecapitalized.
ShegraduatedfromOxfordUniversity.Sheachievedgreatsuccessinherstudiesthere.
2.Theperiodisusedwithmostabbreviations.
Butsomepeopleprefernottousetheperiodwithabbreviations.TheyjustwriteMr,Ms,etc.Namesofwell-knownorganizations,broadcastingcorporationsareoftenwrittenwithoutperiods,likeUN,UNESCO,NATO,VOA,BBC.
3.Threespacedperiodmaketheellipsismark,whichindicatestheomissionofoneormorewordswithinaquotedpassage,orpausesinspeech;
Um…Ithink,um…sheisum…prettyum…hardworking.
TheComma（,）
1.Acommaisusedtojoincoordinate.Itisputbeforetheconjunction（and,but,or,for,so,nor,or,yet,）:
Wewantedtogoon,butotherpeopledisappeared.
Hetriedhard,yethefailedtoconvinceher.
Weshouldrememberthatcoordinateclauseshavetobejoinedwithacommaandaconjunction.OnecommaalonecannotdothejobthoughitispossibleinChinese.
Samisfouryearsold,heisquitebright.
Samisfouryearsold,andheisquitebright.
Usingacommatolinktwoclausesisacommonmistake,whichhasaname:
thecommafaultorthecommasplice.Butwecanuseasemicolon,adash,oracolonbetweentwocoordinateclauses.
Samisfouryearsold;heisquitebright.
Samisveryhappy:
he'sgotthefirstprize.
TheComma（,）
2.Acommaisusedafteranadverbialclauseorphrase.
Whentherainstopped,wecontinuedtoworkinthefields.
Onhearingthenews,shewentfaint.
Somelisteners,boredbythelengthytalk,closedtheireyesanddozed.
3.Commasareusedtoseparateaseriesofwordsorphraseswiththesamefunctioninthesentence.
Thecommabeforetheconjunctionandlastitemisoptional.Itcanbeomittedthereisnodangerofmisreading.
Thechildrensang,danced,jumped,andchasedeachother.
4.Nonrestrictiveclausesandphrasesaresetoffbycommas.
Restrictiveclausesandphrasesare
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