专英课本完整版文档格式.docx

专英课本完整版文档格式.docx

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LESSON28NomenclatureofChemicalCompounds27

LESSON1ChemicalEngineering30

LESSON3UnitOperations34

LESSON5Filtration36

LESSON6HeatTransfer39

LESSON7AbsorptionofGases42

LESSON8DistillationOperations45

LESSON9SolventExtraction48

LESSON10DryingofSolids50

LESSON11PackedTowers53

1:

Language

词汇意义比较单一，不具有情感内容，很少使用比喻，排比，夸张等修辞手法。

常会出现难看，难念，难听的词。

2:

Vocabulary

国际性强：

很多从拉丁语或希腊语中派生出来。

很少口语词汇，常用单个动词代替动词短语:

Absorb—takein;

discover---findout;

assemble---puttogether.

利用前缀后缀派生的词很多。

专业，科技词汇占1/4。

3:

Grammar

大量使用名词和名词词组beveryimportant---beofgreatimportance

大量使用被动语态

大量使用非谓语动词词组

长句结构多

HeyJude

Beatles

HeyJude,don'

tmakeitbad.嘿！

Jude，不要沮丧

Takeasadsongandmakeitbetter　　唱首悲伤的歌曲来舒缓自己的心情

Remembertoletherintoyourheart　　请将她存放于心

Thenyoucanstarttomakeitbetter.　　生活才会更美好

tbeafraid　　嘿Jude不要害怕

Youweremadetogooutandgether.　你生来就是要得到她

Theminuteyouletherunderyourskin,　在将她深藏于心的那一刻

Thenyoubegintomakeitbetter.　　你已经开始过的更好

Andanytimeyoufeelthepain,　　无论何时，当你感到痛苦

heyJude,refrain,　　嘿Jude停下来　

Don'

tcarrytheworlduponyourshoulders.　　不要把全世界都扛在肩上

Forwellyouknowthatit'

safoolwhoplaysitcool　你应该懂得傻瓜才会假装坚强　

Bymakinghisworldalittlecolder.　　才会把自己的世界变得冷漠

HeyJudedon'

tletmedown　　嘿Jude别让我失望　

Youhavefoundher,nowgoandgether.　你已遇见她现在就去赢得她芳心

Remembertoletherintoyourheart,　　请将她深藏于心　

Thenyoucanstarttomakeitbetter.　　生活才会更美好　

Soletitoutandletitin,heyJude,begin,　遇事要拿得起放得下嘿！

Jude，振作起来

You'

rewaitingforsomeonetoperformwith.　你一直期待有人同你一起成长

Anddon'

tyouknowthatit'

sjustyou,heyJude,you'

lldo　你不明白？

只有你Jude嘿你行的

Themovementyouneedisonyourshoulder　　未来肩负在你身上　

tmakeitbad.　嘿不要消沉Jude　　

Takeasadsongandmakeitbetter　　唱首忧伤的歌曲让自己振作些

Remembertoletherunderyourskin　　记得心中常怀有她　

Thenyou'

llbegintomakeitbetter　　生活才会变得更美好　　

Betterbetterbetterbetterbetterbetter,Oh.　更美好

Someonelikeyou另寻沧海

Adele阿黛尔

Iheardthatyou’resettleddown.已闻君，诸事安康。

Thatyoufoundagirlandyou’remarriednow.遇佳人，不久婚嫁。

Iheardthatyourdreamscametrue.已闻君，得偿所想。

Guessshegaveyouthings,Ididn’tgivetoyou.料得是，卿识君望。

Oldfriend,whyareyousoshy?

旧日知己，何故张皇？

Ain’tlikeyoutoholdbackorhidefromthelie.遮遮掩掩，欲盖弥彰。

Ihatetoturnupoutoftheblueuninvited.客有不速，实非我所想。

ButIcouldn’tstayaway,Icouldn’tfightit.避之不得，遑论与相抗。

I’dhopedyou’dseemyface&

thatyou’dbereminded,异日偶遇，识得依稀颜。

Thatforme,itisn’tover.再无所求，涕零而泪下。

Nevermind,I’llfindsomeonelikeyou.毋须烦恼，终有弱水替沧海。

Iwishnothingbutthebest,foryoutoo.抛却纠缠，再把相思寄巫山。

Don’tforgetme,Ibeg,Irememberyousaid:

勿忘昨日，亦存君言于肺腑。

“Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead”“情堪隽永，也善心潮掀狂澜。

”

Sometimesitlastsinlovebutsometimesithurtsinstead,yeah.情堪隽永，也善心潮掀狂澜，然。

Youknow,howthetimeflies,光阴常无踪，词穷不敢道荏苒。

Onlyyesterday,wasthetimeofourlives.欢笑仍如昨，今却孤影忆花繁。

Wewerebornandraisedinasummeryhaze.彼时初执手，夏雾郁郁湿衣衫。

Boundbythesurpriseofourglorydays.自缚旧念中，诧喜荣光永不黯。

Ihadhopedyou’dseemyfaceandthatyou’dbereminded,异日偶遇，识得依稀颜。

Nothingcompares,noworriesorcares.无可与之相提，切莫忧心同挂念。

Regret’sandmistakesthey’rememoriesmade.糊涂遗恨难免，白璧微瑕方可恋。

Whowouldhaveknownhowbittersweetthiswouldtaste?

此中酸甜苦咸，世上谁人堪相言？

LESSON15MaterialsScience

Materialsscienceisthestudyofthenpropertiesofsolidmaterialsandhowthosepropertiesaredeterminedbyamaterial’scompositionandstructure.Thestudyencompassestheentirerangofproperties,includingmechanic,thermal,chemical,electric,magnetic,andopticalbehavior.Itgrewoutofamalgamofsolid-statephysics,metallurgy,andchemistry,sincetherichvarietyofmaterialspropertiescannotbeunderstoodwithinthecontextofanysingleclassicaldiscipline.Theoptionaluseofmaterialsinapplicationssuchaspackaging,construction,magnets,batteries,engines,automobilebodies,insulation,catalyticcracking,electrics,andcomputersdependsontheintelligentexplosionoftheseproperties.Withabasicunderstandingoftheoriginalsofproperties,materialscanbeselectedordesignedforanenormousvarietyofapplications,rangingfromstructuralsteelstocomputermicrochips.MaterialsScienceisthereforeimportanttomanyengineeringactivitiessuchaselectronics,aerospace,telecommunications,informationprocessing,nuclearpower,andenergyconversion.

Thepropertiesofmaterialsaredeterminedarebytheirinternalstructure—thatis,thewayinwhichthefundamentalpartsofthematerialsareputtogether.Thus,theatomicstructureisthearrangementoftheatomsinspace,theelectronstructureisthedistributionoftheelectronsinspaceandinenergy,thedefectstructureisthedistributionofcrystalflaws,（suchasimpurities,vacantatomicsites,anddislocation）,andthemicroscopicstructureisthesizeandarrangementofmicroscopicgrainsandprecipitates.Thesestructures,andtheirinteractions,areresponsibleforthebehaviorofmaterials.Forexample,thecombinationofatomicandelectricstructurecontrolstheeasewithwhichelectioncanmoveinorthroughasolidandthereforedetermineswhetheritwillbeaninsulator,aconductor,orasemiconductor;

theatomicanddefectstructurecontroltheeasewithwhichamechanicaldisturbancecanmovethroughasolidandthereforedetermineitsdegreeofductilityorbrittleness;

andthedistributionofspinningelectronsgivesrisetomagneticproperties.

AfterWorldWarⅡ,economicprogressandnationaldefenseneedsrequiredthedevelopmentofsophisticatedmaterials,anditwassoonapparentthatanintegrationoftheknowledgeandmethodsofmetallurgy,chemistry,andphysicswasessentialfortheirdevelopment.Thefieldofsemiconductorelectronicswasaprimeexampleofthis.Thebasicworkwasdonebyphysicists,whowereorientedtowardtheanalysisofelectronicpropertiesofpure,samplesolids.Butthesuccessfulproduction,ofgoodsemiconductordevicesrequiredaknowledgeofdefectstructure,traditionallytheprovinceofthemetallurgist,andtheimportanceofimpuritycontrolwasinmanyrespectsaproblemofchemistry.

By1960theintegrationofthethreefieldsintoanewactivitywaswellunderway.Inthelate1950stheAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense,incooperationwithresearchuniversities,sponsoredanopencompetitiontoestablishgovernment-supportedresearchlaboratoriesatalimitednumberofuniversitytopursuetheintegratedstudyofmaterialsandtoeducategraduatestudentsinthenewfield.AdozensuchfacilitiesweresetupintheUnitedSates.

Themethodsofmaterialssciencehavebeenextendedtothestudyofpolymers,glasses,ceramics,amorphousmetals,andevenbiologicalmaterialssuchasbone.Thesimpleconceptofrelatingpropertiestostructurehasresultedinanastonishingvarietyofadvancedmaterialsofgreatutility.

LESSON16ChemicalProcessSafety

In1978,RobertM.Solow,aneconomistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,receivedtheNobelPrizeineconomicsforhisworkindeterminingthesourceofeconomicgrowth.ProfessorSolowconcludedthatthebulkofaneconomy’sgrowthistheresultoftechnologicaladvances.

Itisreasonabletoconcludethatthegrowthofanindustryisalsodependentontechnologicaladvances.Thisisespeciallytrueinthechemicalindustry,whichisenteringaneraofmorecomplexprocesses:

higherpressure,morereactivechemicals,andexoticchemistry.

Morecomplexprocessesrequiremorecomplexsafetytechnology.Manyindustrialistsevenbelievethatthedevelopmentandtheapplicationofsafetytechnologyisactuallyaconstraintonthegrowthofthechemicalindustry.Aschemicalprocesstechnologybecomesmorecomplex,chemicalengineerswillneedamoredetailedandfundamentalunderstandingofsafety.H.H.Fawcetthassaidthattoknowistosurviveandtoignorefundamentalsidtocourtdisaster.

Since1950,significanttechnologicaladvanceshavebeenmadeinchemicalprocesssafety.Today,safetyisequalinimportancetoproductionandhasdevelopedintoa