完整word版英国文学史及选读知识要点I.docx

完整word版英国文学史及选读知识要点I.docx

《完整word版英国文学史及选读知识要点I.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《完整word版英国文学史及选读知识要点I.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

完整word版英国文学史及选读知识要点I

PartITheAnglo-SaxonPeriod（449-1066）

IBackground

449theTeutons（theJutes,theAnglos,theSaxons）

IILiterature

Theliteratureofthisperiodfallsintotwodivisions—paganandChristian

TwoAnglo-saxonChristianpoets:

Caedmon（凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）wholivedinthelatterhalfofthe7thcenturyandwhowroteapoeticParaphraseoftheBible.

Cynewulf（基涅武甫,盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）,theauthorofpoemsonreligioussubjects

IIITheSongofBeowulf（Beowulf,公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗）

Status:

England’snationalepic

Writtenatthebeginningofthetenthcentury

Composedmuchearlier

Length:

3182

Thewholesongisessentiallypaganinspiritandmatter.

Features:

alliteration;metaphors;understatement

Subjectmatter

PartIITheAnglo-NormanPeriod（1066—1350）

Ihistoricalbackground:

TheNormanConquest

II.TheLiterature

TheliteraturewhichtheybroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesofloveandadventure.

III.Romance

1.RomancewastheprevailingformofliteratureinfeudalEngland.

2.Definitionandfeatures（理解）

IV.SirGawainandtheGreenKnight

alate-14thcenturymiddle-EnglishoutlininganadventureofSirGawain,aknightofKingArthur’sRoundTable.

Itwasaverseromanceof2530lines,consideredasthebestofArthurianromances.

PartIIIGeoffreyChaucer（1340?

-1400）

IMajorworks

TheRomauntoftheRose《玫瑰传奇》isatranslationfromaFrenchpoem.

Hismasterpiece:

TheCanterburyTales

IIContributions

1.Chaucer—theforerunnerofRenaissance

2.Chaucer–amasterofrealism

3Chaucer—“fatherofEnglishpoetry”

①IncontradistinctiontothealliterativeverseoftheAnglo-Saxonpoetry,ChaucerchosethemetricalformwhichlaidthefoundationoftheEnglishtonic-syllabicverse.

②HeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedcouplet（twosuccessivelinesofverseequalinlengthandwiththyme）ofiambicpentameterwhichistobecalledlatertheheroiccouplet

IIItheCanterburytales

1.status

TheCanterburyTalesisChaucer'smasterpieceandoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature

2.Itcontains

（1）ageneralprologue（over800lines）

（2）24tales

（3）separateprologuesand“thelinksthataccompanysomeofthetales”

PartIVTheRenaissance

I.TheRenaissance

Features

①Athirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.

②Thekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.

Essence:

humanism

II.The16thcenturyEngland

III.TheRenaissanceLiteratureinEngland

Figures

1/ThomasMore（1478-1535,托马斯·莫尔）—theForerunnerofutopiansocialism

Utopia《乌托邦》（1516）

2/FranceBacon（1561-1626,弗朗西斯·培根）--thescientist,philosopherandessayist

3/ThomasWyatt（1503?

-1542,托玛斯·维亚特）--apoet,thefirsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature

4/.EdmundSpenser（1552-1599,埃德蒙·斯宾塞），agreatpoet

TheFaerieQueene《仙后》（1590）

5/ChristopherMarlowe（1564-1593）—thegreatestpioneerofEnglishdrama

Contributions:

HereformedthegenreofdramainEnglandandperfectedthelanguageandverseofdramaticworks.

Hemadeblankversetheprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama

6/Prosewriters

JohnLily（1553-1606，约翰·黎利）Eupheus（尤弗伊斯）givesthetermofeuphuism

ThomasLoge（1558-1625，托马斯·洛奇）

ThomasDeloney（1543-1600,托马斯·德罗尼）

ThomasNashe（1567-1601，托马斯·纳西）

WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）

I.status:

thegreatestofallEnglishauthors;oneofthoseraregeniusesofmankind;landmarkinthehistoryofworldculture;oneofthefirstfoundersofrealism;amasterhandatrealisticportrayalofhumancharactersandrelations

thegreatestdramatistinhumanhistoryandthesupremepoetoftheEnglishlanguage—hewrotepoemsandplays

IIworks

①Poems

sonnets:

154

2narrativepoems

VenusandAdonis《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》

TheRapeofLucrece《鲁克莉斯受辱记》

2plays（38）

tragedies

RomeoandJuliet

4greattragedies（Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth）

comedies

Mid-Summer’Night’sDream

histories

III.Selectedreading

1Hamlet

2Sonnet18

FrancisBacon（1561-1626）

Ititle：

Philosopher,scientist（theinventorofscientificmethod）;StatesmanJurist（法学家）;essayist

II.works

Bacon’sworksmaybedividedintothreeclasses:

a.thephilosophicalworks:

AdvancementofLearning（1605,inEnglish）

NovumOrganum（1620,inLatin）

DeAugmentis（1623,inlatin）

b.theliteraryworks:

Essays（1597,1612,1625）

c.theprofessionalworks:

MaxismoftheLaw

ReadingontheStatuteofUses用益权法

PartVThe17thCenturyTheperiodofRevolutionandRestoration

I.SocialBackground

1.The17thcenturywasoneofthemosttempestuous[动荡的]periodsinEnglishhistory.

2.In1642,thecivilwar（Englishrevolution/Puritanrevolution）brokeoutbetweenCharlesIandtheparliament.

3.Therestoration（1660）

4.Thegloriousrevolution（1688）

II.PuritanandPuritanism

III.Literatureofthe17thcentury

1.Therevolutionperiod

GeneralCharacteristics

1TheRevolutionPeriodwasoneofconfusioninliteratureduetothebreakingupoftheoldideals.ThePuritansbelievedinsimplicityoflife.Theydisapprovedofthesonnetsandthelovepoetrywritteninthepreviousperiod.

2ThePuritaninfluenceingeneraltendedtosuppressliteraryart.Yetthishard,sternsectproducedagreatpoet,JohnMilton,andagreatprosewriter,JohnBunyan.

3LiteratureinthePuritanAgeexpressedsadness.Evenitsbrightesthourswerefollowedbygloomandpessimism.

4JohnMilton,whoseworkwouldglorifyanyageandpeople,andinhisworktheindomitable（不屈服的）revolutionaryspiritfounditsnoblestexpression.Forthisreason,thisperiodisalsocalledAgeofMilton．

5Themainliteraryformoftheperiodwaspoetry.BesidesMilton,thereweretwoothergroupsofpoets,theMetaphysicalPoetsandtheCavalierPoets.

2.LiteratureoftheRestoration

generalcharacteristics

①asuddenbreakingawayfromoldstandards

②RestorationliteratureisdeeplyinfluencedbyFrenchclassicaltaste.ItisaperiodofFrenchinfluence.

rimedcouplets-blankverse

Theunities

Amoreregularconstruction

Thepresentationsoftypesratherthanindividuals

③restorationcomedies

Restorationcreatedaliteratureofitsownthatwasoftenwittyandclever,butonthewholeimmoralandcynical.Themostpopulargenrewasthatofcomedywhosechiefaimwastoentertainthelicentiousaristocrats.Thecomediesarecoarseinlanguageandtheirviewoftherelationsbetweenmenandwomenisimmoralanddishonest.

④JohnDryden（1631-1670）

critic,poet,andplaywright

themostdistinguishedliteraryfigureofthetime

（一）JohnDonne（1573-1631）

I①ThefounderoftheMetaphysicalSchoolandveryinfluentialuponmodernwriters

②apreacherfamousforhismagnificentsermonsathistime

IIIMajorWorks

Earlyworks:

SongsandSonnets

（writtenbefore1600,55lovepoems）

TheFlea《跳蚤》

Song:

GoandCatchaFallingStar

Woman’sConstancy《女人的忠贞》

AValediction:

ofWeeping《别离辞：

哭泣》

AValediction:

ForbiddingMourning《别离辞：

节哀》

lateworks:

Religiouspoemsandsermons

（二）JohnMilton（1608-1674）

Istatus①Agreatpuritanpoet

②hisworkwouldglorifyanyageorpeople,andinhimtheindomitablepuritanspiritfindsthenoblestexpression.

IIMilton’sWorks

Threeliteraryperiods:

①earlyperiod:

poemswritteninCambridgeandatHorton

②middle-agedperiod:

prosepamphlets

Areopagitica（SpeechfortheLibertyofUnlicensed

Printing,1644）

Eikonoklastes（ImageBreaker,1649）

DefensefortheEnglishPeople（1650）

③theperiodofhisoldage:

greatpoems

ParadiseLost（1658-1664）

ParadiseRegained（1671）

SamsonAgonistes（1671）

IIIParadiseLost

①status:

•theonlygreatepicsinceBeowulf

•oneofthegreatestpoemsoftheEnglishlanguage

②Theme

Thethemeis“thefallofman,”i.e.man'sdisobedienceandthelossofparadise,withitscause

–Satan.

（三）JohnBunyan1628—1688

Istatus

•HereceivedspiritualindependencefromtheReformation

•thechiefPuritanwriterofprose

•Hegaveustheonlygreatallegory——ThePilgrim’sProgress

IIThePilgrim’sProgress（1678）

①ItisaboutChristian’sjourneyfromhishometown“thecityofDestruction”tothe“CelestialCity”,andhisexperiencesandadventuresonhisjourney.

ItdepictsthepilgrimageofahumansoulinsearchofSalvation.

②Itwaswrittenintheformofallegoryanddream.

③Christian’sjourneyin10stages（scenes）

SloughofDespond

TheHouseofInterpreter

TheHillofDifficulty

HouseBeautiful

ValleyofHumiliation

ThevalleyoftheShadowofDeath

VanityFair

DoubtingCastle

TheDelectableMountains

CelestialCity

④vanityfair

•VanityFairisoneofthemostremarkablepassagesofThePilgrim’sProgress

•“Vanity”means“emptiness”or“worthless”,hence

•thefairisanallegoryofworldliness&thecorruptionofthereligiouslifethroughtheattractionsoftheworld

•thegreatcriticalrealistofthe19thcentury,W.M.Thackeray,employed“VanityFair”asthetitleforhismasterpiecethatgivesacomprehensivesatiricalpictureofthearistocraticbourgeoissocietyof19thcenturyEngland

PartVIThe18thcenturyTheAgeofEnlightenmentinEngland

（theageofreason）

I.Historicalbackground

TheEnlightenment

Version1:

p165-166

II.Literature

1.Neoclassicism

writers

JohnDryden（1631-1700）

AlexanderPope（1660-1744）

散文《论批评》AnEssayonCriticism

讽刺史诗《夺发记》TheRapeoftheLock

SamuelJohnson（1709-1784）

《英文大词典》ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage

2.Essays

•JosephAddison（1672-1719）

•RichardSteele（1667-1745）

TheTatler

TheSpectator

3.modernEnglishnovel

Writers

DanielDefoe（1661-1731）RobinsonCrusoe

HenryFielding（1707-1754）TheHistoryofTomJones,AFoundling

T.G.Smollet（1721-1771）satiricalnovels

SamuelRichardson（1