奈达功能对等理论下字幕翻译的探究文档格式.docx

奈达功能对等理论下字幕翻译的探究文档格式.docx

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功能对等理论;

字幕翻译;

《吸血鬼日记》;

读者反应

Abstract

ForeigntelevisionprogramshavebeenintroducedtoChinaandenjoygreatpopularity,butsubtitletranslationhasnotbeentakenseriously.TheauthorattemptstoanalyzesubtitletranslationthroughtheNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory.Traditionaltranslationtheoryputsemphasisonlanguageperformanceforms,butNidathinksthattranslationshouldlaystressonthereader’sresponsetothetranslation.Duetothefactthatthesubtitletranslationwaslimitedbytimeandspace,accordingtoNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,intheprocessofsubtitletranslation,thetranslatorshouldconveytheoriginalmeaningwithinthelimitedtimeandspaceandfindthemostnaturalandclosestequivalence.SettingTheVampireDiariesasanexample,undertheguidanceofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheory,theauthortriestoanalyzehowtousetranslationstrategies,suchasreduction,clarification,domesticationandsoontoachieveequivalenceeffect.

KeyWords:

FunctionalEquivalenceTheory;

Subtitletranslation;

TheVampireDiaries;

Readers’response

Contents

摘 

要 

i

Abstract 

ii

Introduction 

1

1AnOverviewofSubitleandFunctionalEquivalenceTheory 

3

1.1DefinitonandFunctionofSubtitle 

1.2FeaturesofSubtitleTranslation 

4

1.3FunctionalEquivalenceTheory 

5

2TheApplicationofFunctionalEquivalenceTheorytoE-CSubtitleTranslation 

9

2.1ThePossibilityoftheApplicationofFunctionalEquivalence 

2.2TheNecessityoftheApplicationofFunctionalEquivalence 

10

3AnalysisoftheSubtitleTranslationofTheVampireDiaries 

13

3.1EquivalenceTypesUsedintheTelevisionSeries 

3.1.1SyntacticEquivalence 

3.1.2StylisticEquivalence 

14

3.2TranslationStrategiesAdoptedtoAchieveEquivalenceEffect 

15

3.2.1Reduction 

3.2.2Clarification 

18

3.2.3Domestication 

20

Conclusion 

23

Bibliography 

24

Acknowledgements 

26

Introduction

Withtheconstantdevelopmentofmaterialandculturallifelevelinrecentyears,therequirementofmentallifepeopleaskedforishigherandhigher.Therefore,asakindoftypicalentertainmentmedium,televisionprogramsattractalargenumberofpeople’sattention.Atthistime,agreatmanyofforeigntelevisionseries,especiallyAmericantelevisionseries,havebeenintroducedtoChinaandenjoygreatpopularityamongChineseaudiences.Thoughdubbedtelevisionprogramsareeasytounderstand,withtheconstantpursuitofaesthetic,moreandmoreaudiencesprefertowatchtheoriginalsoundprograms,listentotheforeignlanguagesandfeeltheforeignculture.Sothesubtitletranslationemergesandisattachedimportancewithadrivingtendency.

Televisionseriesarenotonlyamediumofentertainmentbutalsoamediumofcross-culturalcommunication.WiththeentryoftheseprogramstoChina,peoplecouldappreciatetheprogramsandenjoythedifferentlivingstyles,customs,cultureandreligionofothercountriesatthesametime.However,thereceptors’understandingandfeelingsofthetelevisionserieshaveagreatimpactontheappreciationoftheforeignprograms.Thus,thecorrectnessandfitnessofsubtitletranslationismorenecessary.Thoughsubtitletranslationhasbeenadoptedinforeigntelevisionprogramsformanyyears,yetthereisnotarelativelymaturetheorytoguideinthisfield.

Inthisthesis,theauthorwilltrytoanalyzeEnglish-Chinesesubtitletranslationoftelevisionseries,settingTheVampireDiariesasanexample,throughNida’sfunctionalequivalenceasatheoreticalfoundation,andseekstrategiestoachieveequivalenteffectfromthetwoaspects:

syntacticequivalenceandstylisticequivalence.

Inthefirstchapter,theauthorwillintroducethedefinitionofsubtitleanditsfunction,andthefeaturesofsubtitletranslation.Meanwhile,detailedsubstanceofNida’sfunctionalequivalencewillbegivenforreaderstohaveabetterunderstandingaboutthistheory.

ThesecondchapterputstheemphasisonthefeasibilityandnecessityofapplicationofNida’sfunctionalequivalencetheorytothesubtitletranslation.Throughanalyzingthefeaturesofthesubtitle,theauthortriestoexplainthereasonandthenecessityofutilizationofthefunctionalequivalencetheorytosubtitletranslation.

Chapterthreeisthecasestudy.TheauthorwilltakethehotAmericantelevisionseriesTheVampireDiariesasanexampletoanalyzehowfunctionalequivalencetheoryguidessubtitletranslationandwhatstrategieshavebeenemployedtoachievefunctionalequivalenceeffect.

Thisthesisconcludesthatfunctionalequivalencecanbeanewaspecttoguidesubtitletranslatorinthepracticeofsubtitletranslation.

1.AnOverviewofSubtitleandFunctionalEquivalenceTheory

1.1DefinitionandFunctionofSubtitle

Subtitleisaprintedstatementorfragmentofdialogueappearingonthescreenbetweenthescenesofasilentmotionpictureorappearingasatranslationatthebottomofthescreenduringthescenesofamotionpictureortelevisionshowinaforeignlanguage.Tomostpeople,subtitlesare“thewordprintedorsuperimposedonafilminaforeignlanguagetotranslatewhatisbeingsaidonthesoundtrack”.Asaresult,subtitlesaresupplementsthatsupplyinformationunavailablefromthephoneticdialoguesandvisualpictures.

Traditionally,subtitleshavetwomainroles:

oneistohelptheaudiencefurtherunderstandtheplotofthemovie,suchasthenameofthepeopleorplaces,thescoreofamatch,awrittennoteandtheheadlineofanewspaper;

theotherroleistohelpapersonwithadefectinhearingorwithdifficultyinunderstandingdialoguesbetweencharacterstobetterappreciatethemovie.

Onehand,televisionprogramshavegainedworldwidepopularityandtheyhavebecomeahugeimpactonmodernculturalcommunication.Ontheotherhand,theadvancedmoderntechnology,especiallywiththearrivalofthedigitalage,servesastrongandtechnologicalbaseforpracticalsubtitlingoperation,thusfunctionofsubtitlesalsochange.

Byandlarge,abasicfunctionofsubtitlesistoofferadequateinformationaboutwhatisgoingalongonthescreen,carryingoutasmoothcommunicationbetweentheprogramsandthetargetviewers.Hence,thetranslationmainlyaimstoachievetheeffectsamongthetargetaudienceandtrytoofferthemsimilarexperienceasthesourcelanguageaudiencewouldhavewhentheywatchthetelevisionprograms.Thetargetaudiencecanobtainadequateinformationfortheappreciationofthetelevisionprogramwithminimumefforts.

1.2FeaturesofSubtitleTranslation

Subtitletranslationdiffersfromthetranslationofthewrittentext.RaphaelNirhasalreadyreferredtosubtitletranslationasa“doubleconversion”fromonelanguagetoanotherandfromonemediumtoanother.Sowhenpracticeofsubtitletranslation,therearesomeconstraintstoworkunderbecauseofitsdistinctivefeatures.

1.2.1SynchronizationandTransience

Inordertoensurethecoordinationofthesound,subtitlesandscreenswhenappreciatingthetelevisionprograms,subtitlesaregenerallyinsertedsimultaneouslywiththeonsetofthespeech.Assubtitlesappearwiththesound,sothetimeofsubtitlesavailablefordisplayistightcontrolbytheutterance.Formaterialintelevisionprogramsispresentedinacontinuousway,thesubtitlescanbeonlypresentedinaveryshorttime.

Thetimeofpresentationofsubtitlesisliedwiththefollowingpoints:

1）thedurationoftheutteranceintheoriginalversion

2）thereadingspeedoftheaudience（thedurationofsubtitlesshouldmeetthereadingspeedoftheaverageaudience）

3）thevisualinformationwhichgivenonthescreenshouldbeperceivedclearlybytheaudience

4）theeditingstyleadoptedinthefilm

Asthesefeaturesofsubtitletranslation,timeconstraintsshouldbefacewith.AccordingtotheEncyclopediaofLanguageandLinguistics,“Asingle-linesubtitlemayappearonscreenforastwoseconds,atwo-linesubtitleforuptosevenseconds.”Ifthetimeistoolittle,thereaderwillnotbeabletodigestthesubtitlefully;

ifthetimeistoolong,automaticrereadingofthesubtitlecanresult.Nomatterhowlongthetimedecidedtocontrol,theprincipleof“subtitle-speechsynchronization”shouldbestickto.

1.2.2PopularityandConfluence

Asmentionedabove,subtitlesappearwiththeutteranceoftheoriginalversion,sothesubtitlesshouldconveyalltheinformationwiththelimitedspacewhichcanonlypresenttwolineswithamaximumofabout35charactersforeach.Asaresult,throughthesubtitletranslation,audienceshouldhaveaclearideaaboutwhattheprogramsexpressandcometounderstandthemainthrust.Thatistosaythetargetaudiencecouldhavetheanalogousfeeloftheoriginalaudienceaftersubtitletranslation.

Thelanguage,musicandimagesofthetelevisionseriesinteractandcomplementeachother.Theactor’sbodylanguage,suchasnodding,shakinghishead,gestures,facialexpressions,etcisalsoapartofthelanguageofprograms.Besides,thelanguagestyleshouldbesuitabletoitsownculturalbackground.Forexample,today,the21stcentury,thefilmandtelevisionprogramsbecomeanimportantrecreationalactivityforpeopletorelaxandenjoythepleasures.Inthiscase,whiletranslatingthemeaningoftheoriginaltext,timecharacteristicsshouldbeadded,suchas,buzzwords,pun,humor,etc.

1.3FunctionalEquivalenceTheory

Astoequivalence