益生菌及其在功能食品中的应用Probiotics and their application in functional foods.docx

益生菌及其在功能食品中的应用Probiotics and their application in functional foods.docx

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益生菌及其在功能食品中的应用Probioticsandtheirapplicationinfunctionalfoods

益生菌及其在功能食品中的应用（Probioticsandtheirapplicationinfunctionalfoods）

食品研究与开发2007.vol.28.no.02

益生菌及其在功能性食品中的应用研究

胡平

（fisherydepartment，日照职业技术学院学院，日照276826，山东，中国）

摘要：

本文综述了益生菌的研究历史、现状及主要研究种类。

阐述了益生菌在功能性食品中的生理保健功能及其应用开发。

还简要地讨论了。

关键词：

益生菌；研究；功能性食品；应用

益生菌（益生菌）是一类通过改善宿主肠道微生

物菌群的平衡而发挥作用的活性微生物，是人体肠道

重要的生理菌，能够促进肠内微生物菌群的生态平衡，

具有改善肠道菌群结构、促进肠道中有益菌的增殖、抑

制有害菌的生长、消除致癌因子、提高机体免疫力、降

低胆固醇等重要生理功效，对于高血压、高血脂、心脏

病、糖尿病和癌症的防治有着重要意义。

随着人们保健

意识的增强及微生态学相关科学技术的发展，消费者

也越来越意识到益生菌在促进人体健康和预防疾病中

的重要性尤其近年来，益生菌在功能食品中的开发应。

用成为功能食品的一个研究热点，并将成为功能食品

发展的重要领域。

1益生菌研究概况

1.1益生菌的发展历史

人类对益生菌的发现研究直至应用大概有一百年

左右的时间1899年法国著名的博士发现了被糕点师傅。

1900年奥地称为益生菌鼻祖的第一株菌种双歧杆菌。

利医生莫落验证了人的生老病死和肠道内的益生菌关

系密切。

1908年俄国的科学家伊力亚？

梅契尼科夫

（Metchnikoff）指出大量发酵乳制品的摄入与保加利亚

1954年vergio比较了肠内微生物人的长寿密切相关。

菌群抗生素和其他抗微生物物质的主要作用，首次介

绍了益生菌。

1965年礼来和史迪威最先使用益生菌

这个词来描述一种微生物对其他微生物促进生长

的作用，翻译成中文即益生菌。

世界卫生组织也研究发

现大量有益菌群的保护，可以使人体的免疫力大大提

高，从而避免了各种疾病和病毒的侵害至今，科学界。

已经积累了大量的资料，证明益生菌的研究非常有发

展前景。

1.2益生菌的研究现状

益生菌的基础研究与应用，在日本、法国、美国、俄

罗斯、德国等国家较受重视在欧洲，益生菌饮料代表。

着一种新型的健康品。

在我国，从上世纪50年代开始

对益生菌以及与微生态相关的基础理论及应用进行研

80年代成立了微生态学的学会组织，继而出现了究。

一些微生态制品[1]。

进入21世纪后，益生菌的研究应用

受到了广泛重视目前，常用的益生菌菌种有双歧杆。

菌，乳酸杆菌和某些链球菌其中，双歧杆菌有青春双。

歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、婴儿双歧杆菌等；

酸杆菌有嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、

发酵乳杆菌、胚芽乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、纤维二糖乳杆菌

和乳酸乳杆菌。

链球菌有粪链球菌、乳链球菌、嗜热唾

液链球菌和乙酸乳酸双链球菌此外，明串球菌属、足。

Bacteriasuchascocci,Propionibacterium,andbacillusarealsoavailable

Endophyte[2].

1.3mainresearchcategoriesofprobiotics

1.3.1lacticacidbacteria

Huhuiping

（Departmentoffoodengineering,Departmentoffisheries,RizhaoPolytechnic,Rizhao276826,Shandong）

Probioticsandtheirapplicationinfunctionalfoods

Abstract:

thehistory,currentstatusandmainresearchcategoriesofprobioticswerereviewed.Thephysiologicalandhealthfunctionsofprobioticsandtheirapplicationinfunctionalfoodswerereviewed

Development。

Keywords:

probiotics;research;functionalfood;application

Abouttheauthor:

HuHuiping（1976-）,female（Han）,master,engagedinfoodmicrobiologyandfermentationworkers

Artteachingandresearchwork.

Overview

Onehundredandseventy-three

2007.Vol.28.NO.02foodresearchanddevelopment

Lacticacidbacteria（Lactobacillus）arethemeansofobtainingenergybyfermentingsugars,

Agroupofbacteriathatproducelargeamountsoflacticacid;grampositivebacteria

Thestateisgloboseorrod-shaped,includingmorethan10generaandmorethan200species.Withbirth

Withthedevelopmentofphysicaltechnology,thestudyoflacticacidbacteriahasattractedmoreandmoreattention

Theattentionofnutritionists,pathologists,pathologists,andecologists

Andattachimportanceto.Hundredsofvarietieshavebeendevelopedandproducedagreatdeal

Economicandsocialbenefits[3].

Bifidobacterium1.3.2

Bifidobacterium（Bifidobacterium）isaFrenchTissierscholar

Itwasfirstisolatedfromfaecesofhealthybreastmilkinfantsin1899

Anobligateanaerobe;itisanimportantprobioticinthehumanbody;itishealthy

Abacteriumthatdevelopsintheintestinesandispredominantinnumbers,asinhumans

Manypathologicalandphysiologicalphenomenaarecloselyrelated.Itisnowconfirmedthatbifidobacteriaarehumanbeings

Oneoftheimportantsignsofphysicalhealth[4].Bifidobacteriumisdividedinto24species,

Thereareonly12speciesderivedfromhumans,whichcanbelocalizedinthehumangut

CloningandfunctionalfoodcanbeusedforthepreparationofBifidobacteriummainlyBifidobacteriumbifidum

Bacillus（B.bifidum）,Bifidobacterium（B.adolescentis）,babydouble

Bifidobacterium（B.infantis）,shortBifidobacterium（B.breve）andBifidobacterium

（B.longum）5species.Usually,inthebaby'sintestines,thebabyisbornwithapole

BacteriaandshortBifidobacteriumarepredominantbacteria,buttheyareabsentinadultintestine

This2kindsofBifidobacterium,onlyasmallamountofBifidobacteriumbifidum,youthdouble

BifidobacteriumandBifidobacteriumexistintheelderlyandthereisnodoubleintheintestine

Presenceofbacilli.

1.3.3LGGprobiotics[5]

In1983,AmericanprofessorsSherwood,GorbachandBarry

Goldinisolatedanewlacticacidbacteria-ShuLifromhealthypeople

Lactobacilluscasei（L.rhamnosus）,namedLGG,wasappliedin1985

Patented.LGGprobioticisoneofthemoststudiedprobioticsinprobiotics

Bacteria.Atpresent,therearesomereportsaboutitssafety,functionandsoon

Morethan140articles.

2probiotichealthcarefunction[2,6~7]

2.1regulateintestinalfunction

Lacticacidbacteriaandotherprobioticscanproducelacticacid,aceticacidandotherorganicacids,stimulating

Intestinaltractandstrengthenperistalsis,sothatconstipationimproved.Muchbenefit

Bacteriacanentertheintestinaltracttocolonizeandformdominantbacteria,andcompetitiverepelpathogens

Bacteriainhibittheadherenceofintestinalmucosalepithelialcellsbypathogenicmicroorganisms

Thesurfaceformsabiologicalbarrierthatpreventsinvasionofpathogenicmicroorganisms.

2.2,preventionofharmfulsubstances,delayinghumanaging

Intheprocessofmetabolism,thebodyproducesammonia,hydrogensulfide,aminesandphenols

Anyofvariouscarcinogenicsubstancessuchasdecayingsubstancesornitrosocompoundsthatareharmfultohumans

Theproliferationofbeneficialbacteriacanpreventandweakenammonianitrogen,hydrogensulfideandamines

Generationofequal.Atthesametime,probioticscanalsotakeadvantageoftheseharmfulsubstances,

Synthesizeaminoacids,sugars,carotenoids,andnucleicacidsthatarebeneficialtohumans,

Avarietyofvitamins,traceelements,superoxidedismutase（SOD）andotherresistance

Agingsubstances,delayingtheagingofthehumanbody.

2.3regulatetheimmunefunctionofhumanbody

Beneficialbacterialiveinthehumanbodyforalongtimeandachieveacommonrelationshipwiththehumanbody

Theproductionofantibodiesagainstcertainpathogensandsomeofthem

Aproductofinhibition.Andthebacteriaproduceanactivefactor

Actasaformofanimmunomodulatoryagenttostimulateintestinalproduction

Animmuneresponsethatregulatesimmunoglobulinsinthebodyfluidandpromotesimmunoglobulins

Up,improveimmunity,enhanceimmunefunction.

2.4inhibitlactoseintolerance

Lactoseintoleranceisduetolactasedeficiencyinsomehumanbodies,

Cannotbelactosedecompositioninmilk,theuseofabdominaldistensioncausedbyabdominal

Eventhepain,vomitingordiarrhea.Thissituationisrelatedtorace,Asia

TheEuropeansareinthemajority.Lacticacidbacteria,yeastandotherbeneficialbacteriainmilkcanbe

Mostlactosefermentintolacticacidandothersubstances,therebyinhibitingmilk

Sugarintolerance.

3applicationofprobioticsinfunctionalfoods

Probioticsareusedasfunctionalfoodsbecauseoftheiruniquehealthcarefunctions

Moreattentionhasbeenpaid.Inthefoodindustry,probioticsmaybeinvolvedinfermentationor

Notdirectlyinvolvedinfermentation,probiotic70%wasusedindairyproducts[1].

InChina,althoughthestudyofprobioticsisrelativelyhot,butthecurrentproductdevelopment

Butmostlywithdrugsandhealthcareproducts.

3.1functionalfoodadditives

LacticacidbacteriasuchasLactobacillusbulgaricusandStreptococcusthermophilus

Themaincharacteristicflavortoacetaldehyde）;twoketoneDStreptococcusagalactiae,Acetobacteraceti,

E.coliandStreptococcuslactis（produceB,two,lactic,b）

AcidandDing,twoketonesandotherflavorsubstances,cangivetheproductaroma,improveproduction

Toreducetheflavorandflavorintheproductsoastomaketheproduct

Morenatural,green,moreeasilyacceptedbyconsumers.Inaddition,theyalso

Canincreasetheconsistencyofdairyproducts.

3.2functionalyogurt[8]

Sugarfreeyogurtisacombinationofxylitolandprobiotics

Functionalyogurt,it'sspecialis:

ontheonehand,rawmaterialsarenot

Insteadofsucroseandmonosaccharides,xylosewasselectedasafunctionalsweetener

Alcoholcanavoidtheimprovementofbloodsugarlevel;ontheotherhand,ithasuniquehealthcare

Thepresenceofprobioticbacteriahelpsdigestion,preventsconstipation,andpreventscells

Aging,reducingcholesterolabsorption,anti-tumorandregulatingbodyfunctions

Healthcarefunction.Asaresult,thedevelopmentoffoodtonaturalandfunctionaltypes

Today,theproductionofthisproductisoneofthedirectionsofprobioticproducts.

3.3otherfunctionalproducts

Therearemanykindsofprobioticfood,exceptyogurt,cheeseandicecream

Inaddition,productsfoundonthemarkethaveseparateprobioticculturesorprebiotics

Bacterialpowder,asinglebifidusagent,consistsofprobioticsandbifidusagents

Overview

Onehundredandseventy-four

Foodresearchanddevelopment2007.Vol.28.NO.02

1+1combinationagent,amixturepreparedfromprobioticsandChineseMedicine

Etc..However,theeffectofbacterialvectorsonthesurvivalrateofbacteriaisusuallyconsidered

Cheeseandacidmilkareusedascarrierstomakeprobioticsinthegastricjuiceenvironment

Livewell,[9].Inthefuture,withthedevelopmentofmodernbiotechnologyandsomeprotection

Theapplicationsoftheseagentsandmicrocapsuleswillbewider.

4outlook

Withthedevelopmentofbiotechnology,theresearchofprobioticsisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant

Themoreextensive,coupledwiththecontinuousprogressofsociety,people'sawarenessofconsumptionconstantly

High,naturalandhealthyfunctionalfoodshavebecomemainstreamfoodproductsinthetwenty-firstCentury,

Probioticswithhealthcarefunctionswillopenupthedevelopmentoffunctionalfoodindustry

Widerprospects.

Reference:

[1],DuPeng,Huogang.Developmentofprobioticproductsathomea