完整版语言学教程复习题与答案.docx

完整版语言学教程复习题与答案.docx

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完整版语言学教程复习题与答案

语言学教程复习题与答案（胡壮麟版第一章）

ChapterI 

1.  Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

2.  Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.

3.  Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.

4.  Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.

5.  Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.

6.  Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.

7.  Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

8.  Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

9.  Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

10. Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.

11. Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.

12. Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.

13. Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

14. Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

15. Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

16. Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.

17. Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

18. Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

19. Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.

20. ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

21.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk__________oftherulesofhislanguage.

22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

alowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

24.Languageisasystemofa_________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofwordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds________.

26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag____basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned. 

27.P____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettlementofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasa________linguistics.

29.Languageisp___________inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.

30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes____studyoflanguage.

III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe______________.

A.prescriptive           B.analyticC.descriptive             D.linguistic

32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.Arbitrariness     B.DisplacementC.Duality            D.Meaningfulness

33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas____________.

A.primary   B.correct  C.secondary  D.stable

34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriting,because

A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformationconveyed.C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue  

D.Alloftheabove

35.Ahistoricalstudyoflanguageisa____studyoflanguage.

A.synchronic                B.diachronicC.prescriptive           D.comparative

36.Saussuretooka（n）viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma__pointofview. A.sociological…psychological  B.psychological…sociological

 C.applied…pragmatic         D.semanticandlinguistic

37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,__referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.parole   B.performance  C.langue     D.Language

38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween__andmeanings.

A.sense       B.sounds  C.objects    D.ideas

39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled__,

A.displacement  B.duality  C.flexibility  D.culturaltransmission

40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthrough__,ratherthanbyinstinct.

A.learning B.teaching  C.books   D.bothAandB

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics  42.Phonology  43.Syntax   44.Pragmatics  45.Psycholinguistics 

46.Language47.Phonetics 48Morphology 49.Semantics  50.Sociolinguistics  51.AppliedLinguistics52.Arbitrariness 53Productivity 54.Displacement    55.Duality  56.DesignFeatures57.Competence 58Performance  59.Langue      60Parole

V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary:

61.Languageisgenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedfor humancommunication.Explainitindetail.

62.Whatarethedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Illustratethemwithexamples.

63.Howismodernlinguisticsdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar?

64.Howdoyouunderstandthedistinctionbetweenasynchronicstudyandadiachronicstudy?

65.Whydoesmodernlinguisticsregardthespokenformoflanguageasprimary,notthewritten?

66.Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenlangueandparole?

67.Howdoyouunderstandcompetenceandperformance?

68.Saussure’sdistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleseemssimilartoChomsky’sdistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformance.Whatdoyouthinkaretheirmajordifferences?

69.Doyouthinkhumanlanguageisentirelyarbitrary?

Why?

 Il.T  2.F  3.F  4.T  5.T  6.F  7.T 8.F  9.T  10.F  11.T 12.T 13.T 14.T 15.T 16.F 17.T 18.F  19.F 20.F

II.21.knowledge 22.abstract 23.Duality 24.arbitrary25.syntax  26.genetic 27.Parole  28.applied  29.productive 30.scientific（orsystematic）

III.3l.C 32.D 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.D

IV.41. Linguistics:

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.42. Phonology:

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.43. Syntax:

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.44.Pragmatics:

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.45. Psycholinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.46. Language:

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.47. Phonetics:

Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.48. Morphology:

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.49. Semantics:

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.50. Sociolinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.51. Appliedlinguistics:

Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.52. Arbitrariness:

Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds53. Productivity:

Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.54. Displacement:

Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker55. Duality:

Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.56. Designfeatures:

Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication57. Competence:

Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,58. Performance:

performanceistheactualrealizationoftheknowl-edgeoftherulesinlinguisticcommunication.59. langue:

Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity;Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollow;Langueisrelativelystable,itdoesnotchangefrequently60. Parole:

Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse